Implementasi High Availability pada Gateway Wireless Sensor Network Dengan Protokol Komunikasi Message Queuing Telemetry Transport

MQTT-SN merupakan pengembangan dari protokol yang banyak digunakan pada Internet of Things sekarang ini yaitu MQTT. Pada penerapanya MQTT-SN sama dengan MQTT, tetapi MQTT-SN difokuskan pada wireless sensor network. Pada MQTT-SN yang paling terlihat adalah hadirnya gateway sebagai kolektif data dari sensor node untuk diteruskan ke broker server. Gateway merupakan bagian terpenting pada MQTT-SN, karena gateway merupakan penghubung antara sensor node dengan broker server. Oleh sebab itu tingkat ketersediaan gateway haruslah tinggi untuk tetap dapat meneruskan data ke broker ketika terjadi gangguan. Penelitian ini memfokuskan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan gateway dan broker MQTT dengan mengimplementasikan 3 buah Raspberry Pi sebagai gateway yang dipasangkan Load Balancer Haproxy, dan juga redudansi Keepalived. Dalam penelitian ini juga menggunakan multi broker yang saling berbagi pesan atau topik untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan broker. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah broker dan gateway berhasil ditingkatkan ketersediaanya dengan klasterisasi, pembagian beban trafik, penggunaan multi broker dan juga redudansi pada sistem hingga 100% ketika salah satu gateway atau broker server mengalami gangguan

Security for the Industrial IoT: The Case for Information-Centric Networking

Industrial production plants traditionally include sensors for monitoring or documenting processes, and actuators for enabling corrective actions in cases of misconfigurations, failures, or dangerous events. With the advent of the IoT, embedded controllers link these `things' to local networks that often are of low power wireless kind, and are interconnected via gateways to some cloud from the global Internet. Inter-networked sensors and actuators in the industrial IoT form a critical subsystem while frequently operating under harsh conditions. It is currently under debate how to approach inter-networking of critical industrial components in a safe and secure manner. In this paper, we analyze the potentials of ICN for providing a secure and robust networking solution for constrained controllers in industrial safety systems. We showcase hazardous gas sensing in widespread industrial environments, such as refineries, and compare with IP-based approaches such as CoAP and MQTT. Our findings indicate that the content-centric security model, as well as enhanced DoS resistance are important arguments for deploying Information Centric Networking in a safety-critical industrial IoT. Evaluation of the crypto efforts on the RIOT operating system for content security reveal its feasibility for common deployment scenarios.Comment: To be published at IEEE WF-IoT 201

Evaluating Publish/Subscribe Protocols for use in Constrained Networks

Considering the case of disaster relief and search and rescue operations, we can anticipate personnel operating with a total or partial lack of any pre-existing infrastructure. This means that ad hoc com- munication solutions must be established. Coupled with the abundant sensing capabilities provided through the innovation behind the Internet of Things (IoT), we need to identify suitable publish/subscribe protocols that can convey such data when facing various constrained networking conditions. In this paper, we evaluate MQTT, MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT- SN), and ZeroMQ in several different relevant networking conditions. Based on the analysis of each protocol, we have concluded that they are suitable for use in less constrained networks but struggle with efficient communication in the more challenging ones. We found that MQTT shows good performance in the less limiting networks we have tested, only surpassed by MQTT-SN in some cases. However, due to tooling maturity and unsurpassed community support, we consider MQTT the "overall winner"

A software-defined network solution for managing fog computing resources in sensor networks

The fast growth of Internet-connected embedded devices raises new challenges for the traditional network design, such as scalability, diversity, and complexity. To endorse these challenges, this thesis suggests the aggregation of several emerging technologies: software-defined networking (SDN), fog computing, containerization and sensor virtualization. This thesis proposes, designs, implements and evaluates a new solution based on the emergent paradigm of SDN to efficiently manage virtualized resources located at the network edge in scenarios involving embedded sensor devices. The sensor virtualization through the containers provides agility, flexibility and abstraction for the data processing, being possible to summarize the huge amount of data produced by sensor devices. The proposed architecture uses a software-defined system, managed by a Ryu SDN controller, and a websocket broker written from scratch that analyses the messages sent to the controller and activates containers when required. Performance and functional tests were performed to assess the time required from activating the sensor containers to being able to communicate with them. The results were obtained by sending four ICMP packets. The best time response results were obtained by the proactive controller behavior mode, when compared to the hybrid and reactive modes. This thesis contributed to fill the gaps in the area of IoT or sensor networks, concerning the design and implementation of an architecture that performed on-demand activation of offline IoT fog computing resources by using an SDN controller and sensor virtualization through containers.O rápido crescimento de dispositivos embebidos conectados à Internet gera novos desafios para a arquitetura de rede tradicional, tais como escalabilidade, diversidade e complexidade. Para resolver estes desafios, esta tese sugere a agregação de diversas tecnologias emergentes: rede definida por software (SDN), contentores, computação na periferia e virtualização de sensores. Esta tese propõe, projeta, implementa e avalia uma nova solução baseada no paradigma emergente do SDN para gerir, de forma eficiente, recursos virtualizados que se localizam na periferia da rede, em cenários com sensores embebidos. A virtualização de sensores, através do uso de contentores, fornece agilidade, flexibilidade e abstração para processamento de dados, sendo possível a sumarização do grande volume de dados produzido pelos sensores. A arquitetura proposta usa um sistema definido por software, gerido por um controlador SDN Ryu, e um websocket broker escrito desde o zero, que analisa as mensagens enviadas ao controlador e ativa contentores quando necessário. Foram realizados testes funcionais e de desempenho de forma a ser possível avaliar o tempo necessário desde a ativação de um contentor de sensores até ser possível a comunicação com este. Os resultados foram obtidos através do envio de quatro pacotes ICMP. O melhor resultado foi obtido pelo modo de comportamento proativo do controlador, quando comparado aos modos híbrido e reativo. Esta tese contribuiu para preencher as lacunas na área de IoT ou redes de sensores, no que diz respeito ao desenho e implementação de uma arquitetura que executa a ativação sob pedido de recursos computacionais e periféricos de IoT quando estes se encontram desligados, através do uso de um controlador SDN e virtualização de sensores através de contentores

Contribution to the publish/subscribe communication model for the development of ubiquitous services in wireless sensor networks

Advances in wireless technologies and the rapid development of integrated electronics have made wireless sensor networks (WSN) one of the key technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT). Thanks to the ability of these networks to measure the physical phenomena of their environment, process and communicate this information using wireless technologies, they have excelled in the development of applications that respond or adapt to the context of a user, as is the case of ubiquitous environments such as smart cities, industrial automation, e-health among others. In addition, the IoT has opened the possibility that intelligent objects or devices are also capable of exchanging status information, conditions and capacity in order to interact with each other, in the same way that human beings have done through systems based on presence. These systems require information of an event in real time to react in a timely manner to the conditions or context of the user or device. These applications open new challenges in the management of WSN resources, since these networks operate in environments that are generally prone to packet loss and consist of generally small nodes with limited resources in memory, processing, bandwidth and power. The main objective of this thesis is the development of several mechanisms that allow the adaptation of the Publish/Subscribe protocols to the characteristics and limitations of the WSN for the provision of ubiquitous services in the context of the IoT. In addition, QoS support is supplied through mechanisms that provide reliability and timeliness in the delivery of packets and data aggregation techniques are applied to be efficient in the power consumption and the WSN bandwidth. Our research proposes an architecture to provide a presence service for WSN based on a Publish/ Subscribe model distributed and focused on mechanisms such as the aggregation of data and the publication of messages on demand to achieve energy efficiency and bandwidth. All these mechanisms have been applied in the design of a system called PASH aimed at home control based on the concept of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). The reliability provided by Publish/Subscribe protocols in WSN is of great importance in the design of applications that require receiving a message to react on time or in real time to an event. Initially, we focused our study on increasing the proportion of packet delivery (PDR) in the destination node through the improvement of reliability mechanisms. We evaluated the reliability mechanism of the MQTT-SN protocol and several proposed mechanisms of the CoAP protocol. From this evaluation, we propose a new and simple adaptive retransmission mechanism to respond to packet loss in the most appropriate way. Finally, we consider that applications such as: e-health, critical infrastructure control and monitoring, among others, must meet different QoS requirements, such as reliability and timeliness for each type of message received. In addition, data aggregation techniques play an important role in WSN to reduce power consumption and bandwidth. In this thesis, we propose a mechanism that provides the application with three different levels of QoS: we provide an improvement of our previous relay mechanism for reliability, we include the data aggregation in our reliability mechanism and we provide a timeliness mechanism in the delivery of packets.Els avenços en les tecnologies sense fils i al ràpid desenvolupament de l'electrònica integrada, ha convertit les xarxes de sensors sense fils (WSN) en una de les tecnologies claus de l'Internet de les Coses (Iot). Gràcies a la capacitat que tenen aquestes xarxes de mesurar els fenòmens físics del seu entorn, processar i comunicar aquesta informació utilitzant tecnologies sense fils, s'han destacat en el desenvolupament d'aplicacions que responguin o s'adaptin al context d'un usuari, com és el cas dels entorns ubics com a ciutats intel·ligents, automatització industrial, salut electrònica entre d'altres. A més, el IOT ha obert la possibilitat que els objectes o dispositius intel·ligents també siguin capaços d'intercanviar informació d'estat, condicions i capacitat per tal d'interactuar entre si, de la mateixa manera que els éssers humans ho han fet a través de sistemes basats en presència. Aquests sistemes requereixen informació d'un esdeveniment en temps real per reaccionar de manera oportuna a les condicions o al context de l'usuari o dispositiu. Aquestes aplicacions obren nous desafiaments en l'administració dels recursos de WSN, ja que aquestes xarxes operen en entorns que generalment són propensos a la pèrdua de paquets i consten de nodes generalment petits amb recursos limitats en memòria, processament, ample de banda i alimentació. El principal objectiu d'aquesta tesi és el desenvolupament de diversos mecanismes que permetin l'adequació dels protocols d'Publish / Subscribe a les característiques i limitacions de la WSN per a la provisió de serveis ubics en el context de la IOT. A més, es brinda suport de QoS a través de mecanismes que proporcionen fiabilitat i puntualitat en el lliurament de paquets i s'apliquen tècniques d'agregació de dades per a ser eficients en el consum d'energia i l'ample de banda de la WSN. La nostra investigació proposa una arquitectura per a proporcionar un servei de presència per WSN basat en un model de Publish / Subscribe distribuït i centrat en mecanismes com ara l'agregació de dades i la publicació de missatges en demanda per aconseguir eficiència en l'energia i l'ample de banda . Tots aquests mecanismes han estat aplicats en el disseny d'un sistema anomenat Pash dirigit al control de la llar basat en el concepte de Vida Assistida (AAL). La fiabilitat proporcionada pels protocols de Publish / Subscribe WSN és de gran importància en el disseny d'aplicacions que requereixen rebre un missatge per reaccionar a temps o en temps real davant un esdeveniment. Inicialment enfoquem el nostre estudi en augmentar la proporció de lliurament de paquets (PDR) en el node de destinació a través de la millora dels mecanismes de fiabilitat. Avaluem el mecanisme de fiabilitat del protocol MQTT-SN i diversos mecanismes proposats del protocol COAP. A partir d'aquesta avaluació, proposem un nou i senzill mecanisme de retransmissió adaptable per respondre a la pèrdua de paquets de la manera més adequada. Finalment, considerem que les aplicacions com: salut electrònica, control d'infraestructura crítica i monitoratge, entre d'altres, han de complir diferents requisits de QoS, com la fiabilitat i la puntualitat per a cada tipus de missatge rebut. A més, les tècniques d'agregació de dades tenen un paper important en WSN per reduir el consum d'energia i l'ample de banda. En aquesta tesi, proposem un mecanisme que proporciona a la aplicació tres nivells de QoS diferents: proporcionem una millora del nostre mecanisme de retransmissió anterior per a la fiabilitat, incloem l'agregació de dades en el nostre mecanisme de fiabilitat i proporcionem un mecanisme de puntualitat en el lliurament de paquets.Postprint (published version