Colloquium: Graphene spectroscopy

Spectroscopic studies of electronic phenomena in graphene are reviewed. A variety of methods and techniques are surveyed, from quasiparticle spectroscopies (tunneling, photoemission) to methods probing density and current response (infrared optics, Raman) to scanning probe nanoscopy and ultrafast pump-probe experiments. Vast complimentary information derived from these investigations is shown to highlight unusual properties of Dirac quasiparticles and many-body interaction effects in the physics of graphene.Comment: 36 pages, 16 figure

Quantifying galaxy morphology

How do the different shapes of galaxies arise? Milena Pawlik describes work to identify the role of galaxy mergers and starbursts in galactic evolution.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Effects of built environment morphology on wind turbine noise exposure at building façades

© 2017 Elsevier LtdWith wind farms installed in urban and suburban areas, the noise exposure of buildings is affected both by distance attenuation and the morphology of the built environment. With the aim of exploring the noise-resisting effects of built environment morphology, three kinds of typical suburban areas in the UK were sampled and noise maps were generated based upon an idealised modern wind turbine placed at various setback distances from each site. Relationships between morphological indices and building façade exposures were examined through regression analyses. Noise reduction levels of five morphological indices were given in terms of resisting wind turbine noise with different source-receiver (S-R) distances, and at different frequencies. The results show that built environment morphology has considerable effects on resisting the noise exposure of buildings and can create a quiet façade with up to 13 dBA difference to the most exposure façade. Among the five indices, building orientation is found to be most effective in resisting the noise exposure of building façades, followed by the length and shape of the building. The noise resistance effects vary by different S-R distances and differ by frequency. Four morphological indices are found to be effective in resisting noise at low frequencies, typically at 50 Hz

Integrating Remote Sensing and Social Science - The correlation of urban morphology with socioeconomic parameters

The alignment, small-scale transitions and characteristics of buildings, streets and open spaces constitute a heterogeneous urban morphology. The urban morphology is the physical reflection of a society that created it, influenced by historical, social, cultural, economic, political, demographic and natural conditions as well as their developments. Within the complex urban environment homogeneous physical patterns and sectors of similar building types, structural alignments or similar built-up densities can be localized and classified. Accordingly, it is assumed that urban societies also feature a distinctive socioeconomic urban morphology that is strongly correlated with the characteristics of a city’s physical morphology: Social groups settle spatially with one’s peer more or less segregated from other social groups according to, amongst other things, their economic status. This study focuses on the analysis, whether the static physical urban morphology correlates with socioeconomic parameters of its inhabitants – here with the example indicators income and value of property. Therefore, the study explores on the capabilities of high resolution optical satellite data (Ikonos) to classify patterns of urban morphology based on physical parameters. In addition a household questionnaire was developed to investigate on the cities socioeconomic morphology

Morphology and Properties of Zn-Al-TiO2 Composite on Mild Steel

The influence of TiO2 composite and dispersed pure Al particle on zinc alloy electrodeposited on mild steel was studied from chloride bath solution.Microstructural and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated. The structure, surface morphology, and surface topography of the deposited alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM).In addition, hardness of the coated alloys was measured. It was found that the obtained Zn-Al-TiO2 alloyexhibited more preferred surface morphology and mechanical strength compared tothe substrate. The result shows the existence of interaction between TiO2 compounds and zinc alloy particulate. It also exhibited well bright dominate zinc coating on steel surface