Lexical access in speech production

Formerly published in: Cognition : international journal of cognitive science, vol. 42, nos. 1-3, 199

Stages of lexical access

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Speed of Lexical Access to Arabic and English Letters

To examining the role of cultural differences in speed of lexical access, we employed two types of Posner (1967) name matching task: Arabic and English types. We have conducted an experiment on 30 native Arabic speakers from King Saud University. The results showed that the lexical access to physically identical letters is faster than lexical access to the nominally identical letters. However, there was a significant effect of task's type in the speed of lexical access. Also, the correlations coefficients varied with task's type. In its entirety, these results suggest that the cultural aspects have a role in the speed of lexical access. Keywords: Lexical Access, long term memory, letters matching

Disorders of lexical access and production

Disorders of lexical access are characterized by inconsistent lexical access such that individuals successfully comprehend or produce a word in some contexts but fail on other occasions. Therefore, the lexical representations are thought to be intact, but their retrieval or activation is impaired and/or competing representations are not effectively managed. Lexical access deficits are most well-studied in individuals with aphasia, though some degree of lexical access difficulty can occur in a wide variety of neurogenic and developmental disorders, as well as in typical aging. This chapter focuses on the intersections of language, cognitive control, and memory: (1) how inhibition of lexical competitors and selection among competitors may explain some lexical access deficit phenomena, and (2) learning and retrieval processes in lexical access deficits from both basic research and translational application perspectives

Lexical access in bimodal bilinguals

175 p.En esta tesis se investiga el impacto de la modalidad lingüística (auditivo-oral en lenguas orales, viso-gestual en lenguas signadas) a través del papel que desempeñan las unidades sub-léxicas en el acceso léxico en castellano (observando la coactivación de la sílaba inicial y de la rima de las palabras) y en lengua de signos española (LSE) (estudiando la coactivación de la configuración manual y de la localización de los signos). Se realizaron varios experimentos del paradigma del. mundo visual grabando los movimientos oculares. Dos grupos de bilingües oyentes en castellano y LSE (28 signantes nativos y 28 signantes que aprendieron la LSE en la edad adulta) hicieron dos experimentos intra-lingüísticos en castellano y LSE (coactivación de una lengua a partir de estímulos de esa misma lengua) y dos inter-lingüísticos (activación paralela del castellano desde la LSE y viceversa). Un grupo de bilingües en castellano y euskera hizo también dos experimentos inter-lingüísticos. Los resultados de este estudio ayudan a identificar, por un lado, los aspectos del procesamiento del lenguaje que están condicionados por la presencia de la señal lingüística (palabras que se oyen o signos que se ven) y, por otro, los aspectos relacionados con las propiedades intrínsecas de cada lengua.Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Languag

Lexical access in Portuguese stress

Categorical approaches to lexical stress typically assume that words have either regular or irregular stress, and imply that only the latter needs to be stored in the lexicon, while the former can be derived by rule. In this paper, we compare these two groups of words in a lexical decision task in Portuguese to examine whether the dichotomy in question affects lexical retrieval latencies in native speakers, which could indirectly reveal different processing patterns. Our results show no statistically credible effect of stress regularity on reaction times, even when lexical frequency, neighborhood density, and phonotactic probability are taken into consideration. The lack of an effect is consistent with a probabilistic approach to stress, not with a categorical (traditional) approach where syllables are either light or heavy and stress is either regular or irregular. We show that the posterior distribution of credible effect sizes of regularity is almost entirely within the region of practical equivalence, which provides strong evidence that no effect of regularity exists in the lexical decision data modelled. Frequency and phonotactic probability, in contrast, showed statistically credible effects given the experimental data modelled, which is consistent with the literature

Bilingual word recognition in a sentence context

This article provides an overview of bilingualism research on visual word recognition in isolation and in sentence context. Many studies investigating the processing of words out-of-context have shown that lexical representations from both languages are activated when reading in one language (language-nonselective lexical access). A newly developed research line asks whether language-nonselective access generalizes to word recognition in sentence contexts, providing a language cue and/or semantic constraint information for upcoming words. Recent studies suggest that the language of the preceding words is insufficient to restrict lexical access to words of the target language, even when reading in the native language. Eyetracking studies revealing the time course of word activation further showed that semantic constraint does not restrict language-nonselective access at early reading stages, but there is evidence that it has a relatively late effect. The theoretical implications for theories of bilingual word recognition are discussed in light of the Bilingual Interactive Activation + model (Dijkstra & Van Heuven, 2002)