38 research outputs found
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΡΡΠ² Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΡΡΠ² Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ, Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΡΠ½Ρ -6 ΡΠ° Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΡΠ½Ρ β 8 Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ
Effects of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-Ξ² on the expression of survivin and apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma TW01 cells
The aim of this study is to investigate whether IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-Ξ² are able to confer resistance to apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by upregulating the expression of survivin. Methods: The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line TW01 (WHO NPC Type I) was cultured in DMEM-F12 Ham medium containing 10% FBS in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 37β¦C and treated with different concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-Ξ². Survivin mRNA expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis was determined based on the assay for caspase-3 activity. Results: Of all the cytokines tested, only TGF-Ξ² (10 pg/mL) induced the over-expression of survivin at a significant level and this correlated with resistance to apoptosis (p β€ 0.05). To confirm if survivin is responsible for resistance to apoptosis, YM155 which is a survivin inhibitor was used and the results showed that YM155 abrogated the protective effect of TGF-Ξ². Interestingly, IL-10 did not significantly alter the expression of survivin. Conclusions: We conclude that TGF-Ξ² up-regulates the expression of survivin leading to the resistance to apoptosis in NPC TW01 cells
Effects of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-Ξ² on the expression of survivin and apoptosisin nasopharyngeal carcinoma TW01 cells
The aim of this study is to investigate whether IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-Ξ² are able to confer resistance to apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by upregulating the expression of survivin. Methods: The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line TW01 (WHO NPC Type I) was cultured in DMEM-F12 Ham medium containing 10% FBS in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 37β¦C and treated with different concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-Ξ². Survivin mRNA expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis was determined based on the assay for caspase-3 activity. Results: Of all the cytokines tested, only TGF-Ξ² (10 pg/mL) induced the over-expression of survivin at a significant level and this correlated with resistance to apoptosis (p β€ 0.05). To confirm if survivin is responsible for resistance to apoptosis, YM155 which is a survivin inhibitor was used and the results showed that YM155 abrogated the protective effect of TGF-Ξ². Interestingly, IL-10 did not significantly alter the expression of survivin. Conclusions: We conclude that TGF-Ξ² up-regulates the expression of survivin leading to the resistance to apoptosis in NPC TW01 cells
ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ»Π°
ΠΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Ρ Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ 1 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 50 ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ² Π· ΠΠ (36 ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΡΠ², 14 ΠΆΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ), ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠΊ 53Β±2,8 ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π»ΠΈ 25 Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ± (16 ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΡΠ², 9 ΠΆΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ) Ρ Π²ΡΡΡ 48Β±3,2 ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ². ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π· ΠΠ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ² β ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΡΠ½Ρ-6 ΡΠ° Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΄Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Ρ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΡΠ»Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ 1 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ² Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈ-Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ² β ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΡΠ½Ρ-4 ΡΠ° 10, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ.The dynamics of cytokineβs serum profile in hypertensive patients treated during 1 year was estimated. Cytokineβs serum concentration of hypertensive patients (36 men, 14 women) aged 53Β±2,8 year compared with the same in 25 normotensive subjects (16 men, 9 women) aged 48Β±3,2 year. Circulating concentrations of interleikin-6 and gamma-interferon were elevated in hypertensive patients what may presented participation of immune inflammation in pathogenesis of hypertension. One-year treatment with carvedilol promoted the reliable diminishing of blod presure, heart rate, expresing of dyslipidemia as wel as increasing levels of anti-nflammarory interleikin-4 and 10 that reflected beneficial methabolic, vasoprotective and immune-modulative profile of carvedilol
Changes in the plasma levels of myokines after different physical exercises in athletes and untrained individuals
The influence of dynamic and static load on the plasma level of myokines in strength-and endurance-trained athletes and untrained subjects has been studied. The range of myokines has been found to depend on the type of loads and the level of fitness. Dynamic and static exercises have different effects on the level of myokines in athletes and untrained subjects. The dynamic load increases the level of IL-6 and IL-8 in the plasma of athletes, while the static load increases the concentration of IL-15 and LIF. At the same time, no increase in the level of IL-8 after cyclic loading or in IL-15 after a static load has been observed in the control group. These differences may be based on a number of mechanisms. The cellular composition of skeletal muscles and the phenotypic features of muscle fibers, changing as a result of regular exercise, can modify the processes of myokine production. However, the processes of transcription in muscle fibers are much more important; the most important ones are HIF-1Ξ±, [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i/[K+]i-dependent intracellular signaling pathways. The modification of these mechanisms caused by different physical loads and intensity is of great interest since it is a promising way to influence the metabolic processes at the cellular and systemic levels, which is very helpful in both improving athletic performance and correcting metabolic disorders in a number of socially significant diseases
HUBUNGAN KADAR INTERLEUKIN 6 DENGAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT PADA ANAK DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI RUMAH SAKIT DR. M. DJAMIL PADANG
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) hingga saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Repons imun yang terjadi selama infeksi virus dengue melibatkan berbagai sitokin, salah satunya adalah interleukin-6 (IL-6). Aktivitas IL-6 menyebabkan proliferasi dan diferensiasi sel B dalam memproduksi antibodi, termasuk antibodi terhadap trombosit. Ikatan antibodi antitrombosit dengan trombosit akan mengaktivasi komplemen dan meningkatkan fagositosis makrofag, sehingga terjadi penurunan jumlah trombosit (trombositopenia). Trombositopenia juga terjadi karena kerusakan sel endotel yang menyebabkan pemakain trombosit meningkat. Selain itu, infeksi virus dengue di sumsum tulang akan menyebabkan penurunan produksi trombosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hubungan kadar IL-6 dengan jumlah trombosit pada anak DBD.
Penelitian dilakukan secara cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 30 pasien anak DBD yang dirawat di Instalasi rawat inap Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Rumah Sakit Dr. M. Djamil Padang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kadar IL-6 diperiksa dengan metode ECLIA dan jumlah trombosit dihitung dengan metode Flowsitometri. Normalitas data diuji dengan Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil bermakna jika p<0,05.
Hasil penelitian pada pasien anak DBD didapat kadar terendah IL-6 6,22 pg/mL dan tertinggi 54,93 pg/mL (20,42Β±13,76 pg/ml) dan jumlah trombosit terendah 12.000/mm3 dan tertinggi 94.000/mm3 (54.896,55Β±26.023,81 /mm3). Terdapat korelasi negatif derajat sedang antara kadar IL-6 dengan jumlah trombosit (r=-0,270) dan nilai signifikansi p=0,156 (pβ₯0,05).
Kesimpulan: tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar IL-6 dengan jumlah trombosit pada anak DBD.
Kata Kunci : Demam Berdarah Dengue, Interleukin-6, Trombosit
Dynamic and Static Exercises Differentially Affect Plasma Cytokine Content in Elite Endurance- and Strength-Trained Athletes and Untrained Volunteers
Extensive exercise increases the plasma content of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and several other cytokines via their augmented transcription in skeletal muscle cells. However, the relative impact of aerobic and resistant training interventions on cytokine production remains poorly defined. In this study, we compared effects of dynamic and static load on cytokine plasma content in elite strength- and endurance-trained athletes vs. healthy untrained volunteers. The plasma cytokine content was measured before, immediately after, and 30 min post-exercise using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pedaling on a bicycle ergometer increased IL-6 and IL-8 content in the plasma of trained athletes by about 4- and 2-fold, respectively. In contrast to dynamic load, weightlifting had negligible impact on these parameters in strength exercise-trained athletes. Unlike IL-6 and IL-8, dynamic exercise had no impact on IL-15 and LIF, whereas static load increases the content of these cytokines by ~50%. Two-fold increment of IL-8 content seen in athletes subjected to dynamic exercise was absent in untrained individuals, whereas the ~50% increase in IL-15 triggered by static load in the plasma of weightlifting athletes was not registered in the control group. Thus, our results show the distinct impact of static and dynamic exercises on cytokine content in the plasma of trained athletes. They also demonstrate that both types of exercises differentially affect cytokine content in plasma of athletes and untrained persons
IMMUNO-INFLAMATORY RESPONSES IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Aim. To determine the role of immuno-inflammatory responses in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. 93 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including 60 patients with unstable angina (UA) and 33 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were involved in the study. Comparison group included 83 patients with stable angina and control group - 25 healthy persons. The diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was verified on the basis of clinical and instrumental data. For assessment of immuno-inflammatory responses levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory (interleukins [IL-1Ξ², IL-6], tumor necrosis factor [TNF-Ξ±]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines we determined by ELISA method.Results. There were high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1Ξ², IL-6, TNF-Ξ±), high CRP level and low levels of anti-inflammatory IL-4, IL-10 cytokines in UA and AMI patients. Insignificant immunological shifts were found in stable angina patients.Conclusion. Destabilization in the IHD course is characterized with more active immuno-inflammatory responses. Activity of these reactions is associated with ACS severity
ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° β ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ COVID-19
Relevance. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 remains one of the most pressing. The literature discusses the role of iron as a factor supporting inflammatory processes, hypercoagulability and microcirculation crisis in severe COVID-19.The aim of study. was to identify changes in iron metabolism in patients with severe COVID-19 and hyperferritinemia.Material and methods. In this study, we used a content analysis of available scientific publications and our own observations of the peculiarities of the clinical picture and laboratory parameters in patients with a severe course of COVID-19 who had hyperferretinemia at the height of the disease. The main group consisted of 30 patients hospitalized in the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care of N.A. Semashko City clinical Hospital No. 38 with the diagnosis COVID-19, bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, severe course and hyperferritinemia. The diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection was confirmed by visualization of bilateral viral lung lesions with chest CT-scan, positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and the presence of immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers. The study evaluated the biochemical parameters of iron metabolism, fibrinolysis and markers of inflammation. Changes associated with impaired iron metabolism were assessed by the level of serum iron, transferrin, daily and induced iron excretion in the urine. Statistical processing was carried out using nonparametric methods.Results. All patients with severe COVID-19 and hyperferritinemia showed signs of impaired iron metabolism, inflammation and fibrinolysis β a decrease in the level of transferrin (p<0.001), serum iron (p><0.005), albumin (p><0.001), lymphocytes (p><0.001) and an increase in leukocytes (p><0.001), neutrophils (p><0.001), CRP (p><0.005), IL-6 (p><0.001), D-dimer (p><0.005), daily urinary iron excretion (p><0.005) and induced urinary iron excretion (p><0.001). Conclusions The study showed that in the pathogenesis of the severe course of COVID-19, there is a violation of iron metabolism and the presence of a free iron fraction. The appearance of free iron can be caused by damage to cells with the βreleaseβ of iron from cytochromes, myoglobin, hemoglobin, or violation of the binding of iron to transferrin, which may be the result of a change in the protein structure or violation of the oxidation of iron to the trivalent state. When assessing the degree of viral effect on the body, one should take into account the effect of various regulators of iron metabolism, as well as an assessment of the level of free iron not associated with transferrin. Keywords: new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, iron metabolism, free iron, ferritin, transferrin, NTBI, nontransferrin bound iron>Λ0.001), serum iron (pΛ0.005), albumin (pΛ0.001), lymphocytes (pΛ0.001) and an increase in leukocytes (pΛ0.001), neutrophils (pΛ0.001), CRP (pΛ0.005), IL-6 (pΛ0.001), D-dimer (pΛ0.005), daily urinary iron excretion (pΛ0.005) and induced urinary iron excretion (pΛ0.001).Conclusions. The study showed that in the pathogenesis of the severe course of COVID-19, there is a violation of iron metabolism and the presence of a free iron fraction. The appearance of free iron can be caused by damage to cells with the βreleaseβ of iron from cytochromes, myoglobin, hemoglobin, or violation of the binding of iron to transferrin, which may be the result of a change in the protein structure or violation of the oxidation of iron to the trivalent state. When assessing the degree of viral effect on the body, one should take into account the effect of various regulators of iron metabolism, as well as an assessment of the level of free iron not associated with transferrin.Β ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° COVID-19 ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
. Π Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ COVID-19.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ COVID-19 ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ COVID-19, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ· 30 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ± ΠΠΠ£Π Β«ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° β 38 ΠΈΠΌ. Π.Π. Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΒ» Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Β«COVID-19, Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΠ¦Π -ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° SARS-CoV-2 ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ SARS-CoV-2. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 20 Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π². Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ COVID-19 ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° β ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° (p<0,001), ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° (p><0,005) ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° (p><0,001), Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (p><0,001) Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (p><0,001), Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² (p><0,001), Π‘Π Π (p><0,005), ΠΠ-6 (p><0,001), D-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° (p><0,005), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (p><0,005) ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ (p><0,001). Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19 ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½, NTBI, nontransferrin bound iron>Λ0,001), ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° (pΛ0,005) ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° (pΛ0,001), Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (pΛ0,001) Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (pΛ0,001), Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² (pΛ0,001), Π‘Π Π (pΛ0,005), ΠΠ-6 (pΛ0,001), D-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° (pΛ0,005), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (p0,005) ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ (pΛ0,001).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19 ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°.