BIODIESEL FROM NYAMPLUNG (CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM) SEED OIL WITH A TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS USING A CONTINOUS FLOW SYSTEM IN THE REACTOR

Biodiesel production from calophyllum inophyllum be obtained via esterification and transesterification,  using two continuous reactors with catalyst NaOH at a concentration (0.4 ;0.6,0.8; 1) wt%,  calophyllum inophyllum seed oil and reaction temperature (40, 50,60)oC. This research was to determine the effect of catalyst amount and reaction temperature on transesterification of calophyllum inophyllum seed toward yield Fatty Acid Methyl Ester . The last step is analysis  yield of  Fatty Acid Methyl Ester with Gas Chromatography (GC). The highest yield is obtained on the amount of 1% NaOH catalyst and at a temperature of 60oC with   yield of  87.036%

BIODIESEL FROM NYAMPLUNG (CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM) SEED OIL WITH A TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS USING A CONTINOUS FLOW SYSTEM IN THE REACTOR

Biodiesel production from calophyllum inophyllum be obtained via esterification and transesterification,  using two continuous reactors with catalyst NaOH at a concentration (0.4 ;0.6,0.8; 1) wt%,  calophyllum inophyllum seed oil and reaction temperature (40, 50,60)oC. This research was to determine the effect of catalyst amount and reaction temperature on transesterification of calophyllum inophyllum seed toward yield Fatty Acid Methyl Ester . The last step is analysis  yield of  Fatty Acid Methyl Ester with Gas Chromatography (GC). The highest yield is obtained on the amount of 1% NaOH catalyst and at a temperature of 60oC with   yield of  87.036%

Synthesis and a study of the 13C NMR spectroscopic properties of positional isomers of some C18 acetylenic thia fatty esters

The carbon magnetic resonance spectra of four positional acetylenic thia fatty acid methyl ester isomers have been recorded to investigate the effect of the sulfur atom on the chemical shifts of the carbon nuclei adjacent to it.published_or_final_versio

RHEOLOGICAL STUDY OF JATROPHA CURCAS OIL AS OIL BASED FLUID IN DRILLING OPERATION

The drilling fluid plays several essential functions in drilling wells. If the mud properties (physical, chemical and rheology properties) are incorrect, safety and economics may be severely compromised. The drilling fluid is most essential system in drilling operation. Selection of drilling fluid lead to the success of drilling operation. Types of drilling fluid used in this project are oil based mud and synthetic based mud. The biodiesel oils (Jatropha Oil Fatty Acid Methyl Ester and Methyl Ester Palm Oil) ~s being use as oil phase in oil based mud and minerai oil (Sarapar) is being used as synthetic fluid in synthetic based mud. This project is mainly to identify whether Jatropha Fatty Acid Methyl Ester can be used as an alternative for biodiesel oil to repllfe diesel oil in oil based mud by examining the rheological properties of the muds

Study On Production Process of Biodiesel from Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis) by In Situ Transesterification Method with Alkaline Catalyzed

Biodiesel is methyl or ethyl fatty acids generated from vegetable oils (edible and non edible) or animal fats. Production of biodiesel from rubber seeds by in situ alkaline catalyzed method from non edible raw materials with a major goal for alternative fuels was studied. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of reaction time, concentration of alkaline catalyst and ratio raw materials : methanol to the production of biodiesel. The first stage was carried out in order to get reaction time based on the density and viscosity of mixture. In this process, KOH 0.5% (w/v) was used as catalyst with the ratio rubber seed to methanol (1:2). Experiments followed by process with catalyst concentration variation in range 0.1-1% (w/v) and ratio rubber seed to methanol in range 1:1.5-1:3. Research method included, the preparation of samples, biodiesel production, biodiesel separation, and biodiesel characterization include density, viscosity, GC analysis, acid value and Iodine number. The results show that operation time for biodiesel production by using in situ method with alkaline catalyzed was 120 minutes and maximum yield of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) was obtained at 52.86%. Keywords: Biodiesel, rubber seed, in situ, (trans) esterification, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME)

Biodiesel production from jatropha seeds: Solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step

The objective of this study was to investigate solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step to allow direct production of biodiesel from jatropha seeds. Experiments were conducted using milled jatropha seeds, and n-hexane as extracting solvent. The influence of methanol to seed ratio (2:1–6:1), amount of alkali (KOH) catalyst (0.05–0.1 mol/L in methanol), stirring speed (700–900 rpm), temperature (40–60 °C) and reaction time (3–5 h) was examined to define optimum biodiesel yield and biodiesel quality after water washing and drying. When stirring speed, temperature and reaction time were fixed at 700 rpm, 60 °C and 4 h respectively, highest biodiesel yield (80% with a fatty acid methyl ester purity of 99.9%) and optimum biodiesel quality were obtained with a methanol to seed ratio of 6:1 and 0.075 mol/L KOH in methanol. Subsequently, the influence of stirring speed, temperature and reaction time on biodiesel yield and biodiesel quality was studied, by applying the randomized factorial experimental design with ANOVA (F-test at p = 0.05), and using the optimum values previously found for methanol to seed ratio and KOH catalyst level. Most experimental runs conducted at 50 °C resulted to high biodiesel yields, while stirring speed and reaction time did not give significantly effect. The highest biodiesel yield (87% with a fatty acid methyl ester purity of 99.7%) was obtained with a methanol to seed ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst of 0.075 mol/L in methanol, a stirring speed of 800 rpm, a temperature of 50 °C, and a reaction time of 5 h. The effects of stirring speed, temperature and reaction time on biodiesel quality were not significant. Most of the biodiesel quality obtained in this study conformed to the Indonesian Biodiesel Standard

Virulence of Bacillus cereus as natural facultative pathogen of Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in submerged rice-fields and shallow ponds

Out of 4407 Anopheles subpictus larvae collected from submerged rice-fields and shallow ponds, 1412 were found to be unhealthy and 2.8% of unhealthy larvae were naturally infected by Bacillus cereus. B. cereus formed circular, white and flat colonies. Bacteria were gram positive, ellipsoidal/oval spore forming aerobic rods. Although the isolate was positive for catalase, urease, gelatinase, lipase, nitrate reduction and H2S production, it was negative for indole production, Vogues-Proskauer test, oxidase test and acid/gas production from carbon sources. Through biochemical characterization and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, the bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus. In the laboratory condition, B. cereus suspension resulted in 43.57% and 93.78% death of A. subpictus larvae within 3 and 6 h, respectively. The organisms were sensitive to recommended doses of kanamycin, gatifloxacin, gentamycin, levofloxacin, doxycyclin,  tetracyclin, streptomycin, rifampicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, but found resistant to ampicillin.Key words: Bacillus cereus, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, scanning electron micrograph, biochemicalcharacterization, pathogen, Anopheles subpictus larva

Palm Oil As Feed Stocks For Biodiesel Production Via Heterogeneous Transesterification: Optimization Study.

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) prepared by transesterification process using heterogeneous catalyst has receive a lot of interest lately as a sustainable and reliable source of bio fuel. Apart from that, palm oil, being the worlds’ cheapest edible oil has the economical potential to become the source of FAME

Lipid profile of oils from Irvingia gabonensis (Baill) seeds and its deterioration by a phytopathogenic fungal species

As a survival strategy, fungi are capable of degrading most organic substances. Fungi associated with diseased Irvingia gabonensis (Baill) seeds are suspected to possess the ability to degrade the hydrocarbon substances contained in these seeds. The work seeks to contribute to literature on the physico-chemical nature of oils from healthy and diseased seeds of I. gabonensis and to determine the corresponding extent of deterioration in this oil from Aspergillus oryzae infected seeds. Using standard laboratory methods, oils from healthy and A.oryzae infected seeds of I. gabonensis seed were extracted and subjected to a complete physico-chemical characterization. In addition, a Gas chromatographic profiling of the Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) from both oils was also done. Results from the study show that oil from I. gabonensis seed is of a high nutritive and industrial quality. Also, A. oryzae significantly (p = 0.05) affected the physico- chemical attributes and fatty acid profile of this oil, thus confirming its ability to deteriorate the quality and usefulness of this oil.Keywords: Irvingia gabonensis seed oil, oil deterioration, oil ranciditity, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) and phytopathogenic fung