Effects Of Dietary Protein, Sources And Levels Of Electrolytes On The Performance Of Chicks

RINGKASAN Suatu seri percobaan telah diadakan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh interaktif kadar protein dan elektrolit di dalam ransum terhadap pertumbuhan dan konversi ransum anak ayam. Ransum yang berbasis jagung-kedelai digunakan dalam percobaan ini, dengan suplementasi NaHCO3, KHCO3, CaCl2, atau NaCl untuk mengubah kadar elektrolit dalam ransum tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan pengaruh interaksi antara kadar protein dan elektrolit terhadap performans anak ayam. Peran kadar Na+ K? Cl dipengaruhi oleh sumber elektrolit yang disuplementasikan ke dalam ransum itu. Lebihan kation di dalam ransum yang besarnya antara 50 sampai 440 miliekivalen tiap kg, tidak mempengaruhi performans anak ayam, apabila kombinasi antara NaHCO3 dan KHCO3 disuplementasikan ke dalam ransum. Namun, apabila hanya salah satu saja yang digunakan sebagai sumber utama elektrolit, pengaruh tersebut nampak. Untuk mendorong pertumbuhan dan konversi yang lebih baik, diperlukan ransum yang mengandung banyak lebihan kation asal KHCO3 dan bukannya dari NaHCO3

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance, Muscle Composition, Blood Composition, and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Wuchang Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Fry

The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary protein requirement and effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, muscle composition, blood composition, and digestive enzyme activity in Wuchang bream fry. Five isoenergetic and isolipidic semi-purified diets were formulated to contain 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, or 36% (dry matter) dietary protein. Diets were fed to triplicate groups of 25 fishes (16.08±0.03 g) to near satiation three times a day in a closed recirculation system for 10 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio significantly improved as the dietary protein content increased up to 34%. The protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index significantly dropped as the dietary protein rose while the Fulton condition factor was positively correlated to the dietary protein level. Increased dietary protein resulted in increased muscle protein content and decreased lipid content. Red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit counts increased significantly with the increase in dietary protein. Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine significantly rose as the dietary protein rose but serum aspartate aminotransferase significantly dropped. Intestinal protease and amylase activity rose significantly with the increase in dietary protein while lipase tended to drop. On the basis of broken-line regression analysis of weight gain and FCR, the dietary protein requirement of Wuchang bream fry is 32-33%

Effects of varying dietary protein level on the growth, feed efficiency and body composition of lemon fin barb hybrid fingerlings

This study was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein requirement for lemon fin barb hybrid fingerlings. Triplicate groups of fish (1.00 ± 0.05 g) were fed twice a day until apparent satiation with five isocaloric (16 kJ/g) diets containing varying protein level ranging from 20 to 40% for 60 days. Survival was not affected by the dietary protein level. The weight gain and specific growth rate were improved with dietary protein level up to 35 %. The best feed conversion ratio (1.61) was achieved at 35% dietary protein level. Protein efficiency ratio was not influenced by the dietary protein level. Using a broken line regression model, the dietary protein requirement of lemon fin barb hybrid was estimated at 34.6 % based on weight gain response but the value was not significantly better than the 30% protein diet. Proximate composition of the fish showed that dietary protein level only affected the protein content of the lemon fin barb hybrid. The study showed the protein retention was increased until 30% and decreased above this level. Lipid retention decreased as the dietary protein increased. It can be concluded that lemon fin barb hybrid required 30-35% protein at gross energy 16 kJ/g for the best growth and feed efficiency

Dietary Protein Requirements for Juvenile Hybrid Culter (Culter alburnus ♀ × Ancherythroculter nigrocauda ♂)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile hybrid culter (Culter alburnus ♀× Ancherythroculter nigrocauda ♂). Five solipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of protein ranging from 29.54-48.98%. These were fed to triplicate groups of fish (11.44 ± 0.7 g/fish) for 8 weeks. Results from the feeding trial indicated that growth performance, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities of the fish were significantly different (P<0.05) between the groups. Growth performance had a generally increasing trend with increasing dietary protein levels. Weight gain (160.76%) and specific growth rate (1.71) of fish in the group where feed contained 40.07% dietary protein was significantly higher than the group where feed contained 33.58% dietary protein (118.76% and 1.40, respectively), but there was no significant difference compared with 45.04% dietary protein. Based on the statistical significance, our results indicated that the dietary protein level should not be less than 40% for juvenile hybrid culter

Optimum dietary protein requirement of Malaysian mahseer (Tor tambroides) fingerlings.

The optimum dietary protein requirement of the Malaysian mahseer (Tor tambroides) fingerlings was determined in this study. In this completely randomized designed experiment, formulated diets of five levels of dietary protein (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50%) were tested on the T. tambroides fingerlings (initial body weight of 5.85 +/- 0.40 g), reared in aquarium fitted with a biofiltering system. The fingerlings were fed twice daily at 5% of biomass. The fingerling body weight and total length was taken at every two weeks. Mortality was recorded daily. The dietary protein had significant effects on the body weight gain and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of the fingerlings. The body weight gain and SGR of fingerlings fed with the diet with the dietary protein level of 40% was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of 30, 35 and 50%. The feed conversion ratio of the 40% dietary protein was the significantly lowest at 2.19 +/- 0.163. The dietary protein level of 40% was the most optimum for T. tambroides fingerlings

Effect of Dietary Protein Level on Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Swine Fed to Heavy Weights

In a previous experiment reported in A.S. Series 71-38, it was found that for growing pigs optimum gain, feed efficiency and carcass quality (meatiness) occurred at different dietary protein levels. It also appeared that the dietary protein level fed during the period of 170 to 250 lb. affected carcass development more than did dietary protein during the early growing phase. Therefore , this experiment was conducted to further study the effect of high and low dietary protein levels for pigs during three growth periods, 50 to 100 lb., 100 to 170 lb., and 170 to 250 lb

Haematological response of Heterobranchus longifilis fed varying dietary protein levels

Hematological effects of feeding varying dietary crude proteins levels to one hundred and fifty (150) H.longifilis fingerlings was examined on biweekly basis. The fingerlings of mean weights 1.26g plus or minus 0.24g were stocked in eight hapa nets (1mx1m) at 15 fingerlings per hapa. Four experimental diets with crude protein; 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% coded diet 1-4 respectively were fed to the fish for 8 weeks. The blood sample was taken and examined for packed cell volume (PCV) total protein (TP) Hemoglobin (Hb), Serum album, Erythrocyte count (RBC), while blood cell (WBC) mean corpuscle volume (MCV) and mean corpuscle hemoglobin, concentration (MCHC). There was an increase in the values of the hematological indices studied with increase in protein inclusion levels. A higher positive correlation with no significant difference (P greater than or equal to 0.05) exists between the treatments RBC, WBC, Hb and TP. The best RBC (2.10x10 super(6) count/l). WBC (7.65x10 super(4) count/l), PCV (35.4%) and Hb (5.79mg/l) were presented in fingerlings fed 40% crude protein followed by 45% crude protein. The dietary crude protein of 40% is recommended for H. longifilis for sound and healthy conditio

Dietary Protein Intake in Young Children in Selected Low-Income Countries Is Generally Adequate in Relation to Estimated Requirements for Healthy Children, Except When Complementary Food Intake Is Low.

Background: Previous research indicates that young children in low-income countries (LICs) generally consume greater amounts of protein than published estimates of protein requirements, but this research did not account for protein quality based on the mix of amino acids and the digestibility of ingested protein.Objective: Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of inadequate protein and amino acid intake by young children in LICs, accounting for protein quality.Methods: Seven data sets with information on dietary intake for children (6-35 mo of age) from 6 LICs (Peru, Guatemala, Ecuador, Bangladesh, Uganda, and Zambia) were reanalyzed to estimate protein and amino acid intake and assess adequacy. The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score of each child's diet was calculated and multiplied by the original (crude) protein intake to obtain an estimate of available protein intake. Distributions of usual intake were obtained to estimate the prevalence of inadequate protein and amino acid intake for each cohort according to Estimated Average Requirements.Results: The prevalence of inadequate protein intake was highest in breastfeeding children aged 6-8 mo: 24% of Bangladeshi and 16% of Peruvian children. With the exception of Bangladesh, the prevalence of inadequate available protein intake decreased by age 9-12 mo and was very low in all sites (0-2%) after 12 mo of age. Inadequate protein intake in children &lt;12 mo of age was due primarily to low energy intake from complementary foods, not inadequate protein density.Conclusions: Overall, most children consumed protein amounts greater than requirements, except for the younger breastfeeding children, who were consuming low amounts of complementary foods. These findings reinforce previous evidence that dietary protein is not generally limiting for children in LICs compared with estimated requirements for healthy children, even after accounting for protein quality. However, unmeasured effects of infection and intestinal dysfunction on the children's protein requirements could modify this conclusion

The relationship between habitual dietary protein intake and dual task performance in sedentary, recreationally active, and masters athlete older adults

As the body ages, physical and cognitive declines can result in balance and mobility deficits, but research has shown that proper nutrition and exercise can help maintain physical and mental capacity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between habitual dietary protein intake and dual task performance in sedentary (SED), recreationally active (RA), and masters athletes (MA). To measure physical activity levels, the Rapid Physical Activity Questionnaire (RAPA) was completed by all participants. The participants were placed into a high or low protein group using the ASA-24 hour dietary recall. If the participant consumed less than 0.8 g/kg of protein per day, they were placed in the low protein group; if the participant consumed more than 0.8 g/kg of protein per day, they were placed in the high protein group. Participants completed four different walking tasks: habitual speed, maximal speed, dual-task habitual speed, and dual-task maximal speed. Gait speed was measured over a distance of 10 meters. SED, RA, and MA consumed a mean of 0.84, 1.13, and 1.57 grams of protein per kilogram body weight per day, respectively. MA consumed significantly more protein than SED or RA participants (α \u3c .05). The low protein group consumed 0.84 g/kg of protein ± 0.39 while the high protein group consumed 1.30 g/kg of protein ± 0.50. There was no significant correlation between amount of protein consumed and dual task performance. While the results were for dual task performance not statistically significant, they may have clinical significance; when comparing the high and low protein groups for the dual task habitual trial, the high protein group covered the 10-m distance 0.73 seconds faster than the low protein group. Clinically, the higher protein group may be able to perform activities of daily living more efficiently