Mycoprotein Production from Date Waste Using Fusarium venenatum in a Submerged Culture

Background and objective: Production of single cell protein has various outstanding advantages, e.g., it can be grown on waste and it is environmental friendly as it helps in upgrading agricultural wastes. In the present study, the influence of process parameters on the biomass formation (g l-1), protein production (% w w-1) and volumetric productivity (g l-1 h-1) of Fusarium venenatum IR372C was determined. Material and methods: The Vogel medium was used with glucose as the carbon source for pre culture cultivation and date sugar as the carbon source for production medium. In the first phase of the study, submerged fermentation was conducted in 500 ml flasks and a 3l stirred-tank bioreactor was exploited to conduct the submerged fermentation in the second phase. Plackett-Burman Design with eleven factors, i.e., date sugar concentration, NH4H2PO4, peptone, MgSO4, KH2PO4, temperature, time, shake rate, inoculate age, inoculate size, pH in two levels and Response Surface Methodology with three variables, i.e., date sugar concentration, time and inoculate size were employed to determine the fermentation condition by which the maximum biomass, protein and productivity were achieved. Results and conclusion: Based on obtained results, by using the selected levels of influencing process variables, a relatively high amount of total protein (ca. 4 g l-1, 65.3% in the first phase using flasks and 5.5 g l-1, 76% in the second phase by using the bioreactor, respectively) was achieved. The amino and fatty acid profiles of mycoprotein and its relatively high fiber content (6%) imply that mycoprotein could be incorporated in various types of foods as a functional ingredient. Conflict of interest All authors have declared that they don’t have any conflict of interest for publishing this research. &nbsp

Sugar Content Estimation of Date (Phoenix dactylifern L.) Fruits in Tamr Stage

Annual production of dates in the United Arab Emirates is about 250,000 tons which used to be consumed in tamr stage where fruit moisture content becomes less than 30%. Date sugar content is considered one of the most important fruit commercial characteristics where it is significant for both fresh consumption and fruit processing as well. In a previous research work Fadel et al. (2001) and Fadel et al. (2006) studied color properties of date fruits and introduced a novel computerbased method for date sugar content estimation. This method depends on calculating the intensities of the red, green, and blue components of fruit color via image processing algorithm. Color ingredients intensity was correlated to glucose, fructose and sucrose levels. In this paper, two date varieties were focused on in order to validate the concept. Lolo and Bomaan are among the most famous date varieties in the UAE. In order to enhance research credibility, fructose and glucose content were determined for each variety using the HPLC (AOAC 1990). Using the abovementioned concept, sugar content was estimated in 43 samples of each variety and compared with the chromatography results. The results showed that, for the two varieties, glucose and fructose might be estimated using this technique with a minimum accuracy of about 86%. This paper focuses on the validation of this technique to evaluate its practicability

Sugarcane, the Energy Crop. Tres Valles, a Business Decision Case

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Seasonal Response of Workers of the Allegheny Mound Ant, \u3ci\u3eFormica Exsectoides\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to Artificial Honeydews of Varying Nutritional Content

Field colonies of Allegheny mound ants, Formica exsectoides, were tested at monthly intervals throughout the summer to assess their preference for artificial honeydews containing varying compositions of sugars and amino acids. In choice tests, foragers significantly preferred high sugar honeydews early in the season, but shifted in mid-season to a strong preference for high amino acid honeydews. Late-season foragers slightly preferred sugars. When offered in equal concentrations, the honeydew sugar, melezitose, was consistently less attractive to foragers than sucrose. However both sugars were readily fed upon, and appeared to attract ants in an additive fashion. No single amino acid was significantly preferred; however the combination of asparagine, glutamine and serine was highly attractive during the mid-season sampling period. The seasonal switch in forager preference between sugars and amino acids coincides with an increase in the amount of actively growing brood

Spaces of work and everyday life: labour geographies and the agency of unorganised temporary migrant workers

In this study, I focus on the agency of unorganised temporary migrant workers' people who travel away to work for just a few weeks or months. Such workers have been relatively neglected in labour geography. Perhaps surprisingly, given the focus on the agency of capital in much of his writing, I build on two arguments made by David Harvey. First, workers' spatial mobility is complex and may involve short as well as longer term migrations, and secondly that this can have significance both materially and in relation to the subjective experience of employment. The spatial embeddedness of temporary migrant workers' everyday lives can be a resource for shaping landscapes (and ordinary histories) of capitalism, even though any changes may be short-lived and take place at the micro-scale. The article is illustrated with case study material from research with workers in the agriculture sector in India and the UK, and concludes with more general implications for labour geographers engaged with other sectors and places

Annual report of the selectmen, treasurer, road agent, and trustees of funds and other officers of the town of Sunapee, New Hampshire together with the report of the school board and the vital statistics for the year 1929.

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire

Effect of sugar content on cut flower keeping life of carnations, The

Includes bibliographical references (pages 40-42).August, 1955

Spartan Daily, May 15, 1972

Volume 59, Issue 118https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/5631/thumbnail.jp

Assessment of physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties of confectionery cream sweetened with liquid date sugar and stevia

Nowadays, the tendency to use of the natural and low-calorie foods is increasing. Dates, due to high levels of natural sugar and stevia as a sweetener (200-250 times sweeter than sugar) with zero-calories, could be considered as a substitute for sugar (sucrose). In this study, the use of date syrup with different ratios (25, 50, 75, and 100%) and stevia with 100% rastio as a sweetener in formulation of confectionery cream containing 32% fat, has been studied. The results reveal that in the most of samples substitution of date syrup and stevia with sugar lead significant differences (p< 0.05) in the physicochemical parameters such as pH, acidity, fat, dry matter, overrun, synersis, protein and rheological aspects such as strength and viscosity between control sample and among samples. Significant increase infat, overrun, synersis and protein and significant decrease in dry matter and strength were observed in Samples containing 100% stevia when compared to the control(confectionery cream containing 20% sucrose) and other treatments. The results of the sensory evaluation and general acceptance show that Sample which contained 100% of sugar and (75%-25%) of suger and date-suger, had the highest ranking in sensory evaluation. The results of the sensory evaluation and general acceptance show that Sample which contained 100% date sugar and 100% stevia instead of suger gained lower desirability and acceptability than the control sample

Young Women’s Perceptions and Narratives of Intergenerational and Transactional Sexual Relationships in Durban, Kwazulu-Natal

Transactional sexual relationships are argued to be a potent driver of the HIV epidemic among young women in South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal bears the heaviest burden of the epidemic. The practice has roots in South Africa’s social and political history of oppression, as well as the tides of post-apartheid globalization. Through a combination of individual interviews and focus groups discussions (FGDs), this study explores 21 young women’s perceptions and narratives of transactional sex from an ‘othered’ perspective. Individual interviews were conducted in the township community of Cato Manor; FGDs were conducted with the assistance of OneVoice South Africa (OVSA) in KwaMashu township. Motivations and dynamics of transactional sexual relationships were found to be incredibly nuanced depending on context, including socioeconomic status and geographical location. Women’s agency and active participation in seeking benefits from transactional sex was highlighted as a key concept in findings. Finally, the ‘othering’ of transactional sex revealed perceptions of the practice in a moralistic lens, closely linked to Zulu culture and dominant discourses on female sexuality and gender