Effect of Bio Fertilizer on Mature Oil Palm in North Sumatra and Riau

Chemical fertilizers have routinely been applied at oil palm plantations to maintain soil fertility. Due to the increase of chemical fertilizer prices, some efforts have been done at such as to reduce cost and increase efficiency in chemical fertilizer application at oil palm plantations include the use of bio fertilizer (BF). The objective of experiment was to evaluate the effect of reducing oil palm standard dosage of chemical fertilizers combined with BF on mature oil palm yield. The experiment was carried out in 2002-2003 covering an area of 4367 ha at PTPN IV in North Sumatra and of 515.58 ha at PTPN V in Riau. The planting material was Dura x Pasifera variety and planted in 1980-1995. A randomized block design was used having three fertilizer treatments: (A) 100% chemical fertilizer (normal dosage), (B) 75% chemical fertilizer + BF, and (C) 50% chemical fertilizer + BF. The replications at PTPN IV and V were 11 and 7, respectively. The BF was applied firstly in May 2002. Dosage of BF was 250 g tree-1 yr-1. The BF was given in pockets with four pockets per palm tree. The parameters observed were fresh fruit bunch (FFB) weight, average of bunch weight, and average of bunch number. Results of the experiments showed that palm yield treated with 75% chemical fertilizer + BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF were both not significantly different with palm yield treated with 100% chemical fertilizer. The application of 75% chemical fertilizer + BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF gave benefit of Rp509,093 and Rp1,231,535 ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Technically, nutrients given as chemical fertilizers using combination of 75% chemical fertilizer + BF are still higher than the nutrients transported into 26 tons palm FFB ha-1 yr-1. Fertilizer treatment combination of 50% chemical fertilizer + BF will technically be safe only for palm yield of <16 tons palm FFB ha-1 yr-1, since nutrients given as fertilizer are still higher than those transported into the palm yield

The possibility of a rice green revolution in large-scale irrigation schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper investigates the potential of and constraints to a rice Green Revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa's large-scale irrigation schemes, using data from Uganda, Mozambique, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Senegal. The authors find that adequate irrigation, chemical fertilizer, and labor inputs are the key to high productivity. Chemical fertilizer is expensive in Uganda and Mozambique and is barely used. This is aggravated when water access is limited because of the complementarities between fertilizer and irrigation. Meanwhile, in the schemes located in four countries in West Africa's Sahel region, where water access is generally good and institutional support for chemical fertilizer exists, rice farmers achieve attractive yields. Some countries'wage rate is high and thus mechanization could be one solution for this constraint. Improvement of credit access also facilitates the purchase of expensive fertilizer or the employment of hired labor.Crops&Crop Management Systems,Irrigation and Drainage,Water Supply and Systems,Regional Economic Development,Water and Industry

EFFECT OF BIO FERTILIZER ON MATURE OIL PALM IN NORTH SUMATRA AND RIAU

Chemical fertilizers have routinely been applied at oil palm plantations to maintain soil fertility. Due to the increase of chemical fertilizer prices, some efforts have been done at such as to reduce cost and increase efficiency in chemical fertilizer application at oil palm plantations include the use of bio fertilizer (BF). The objective of experiment was to evaluate the effect of reducing oil palm standard dosage of chemical fertilizers combined with BF on mature oil palm yield. The experiment was carried out in 2002-2003 covering an area of 4367 ha at PTPN IV in North Sumatra and of 515.58 ha at PTPN V in Riau. The planting material was Dura x Pasifera variety and planted in 1980-1995. A randomized block design was used having three fertilizer treatments: (A) 100% chemical fertilizer (normal dosage), (B) 75% chemical fertilizer + BF, and (C) 50% chemical fertilizer + BF. The replications at PTPN IV and V were 11 and 7, respectively. The BF was applied firstly in May 2002. Dosage of BF was 250 g tree-1 yr-1. The BF was given in pockets with four pockets per palm tree. The parameters observed were fresh fruit bunch (FFB) weight, average of bunch weight, and average of bunch number. Results of the experiments showed that palm yield treated with 75% chemical fertilizer + BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF were both not significantly different with palm yield treated with 100% chemical fertilizer. The application of 75% chemical fertilizer + BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF gave benefit of Rp509,093 and Rp1,231,535 ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Technically, nutrients given as chemical fertilizers using combination of 75% chemical fertilizer + BF are still higher than the nutrients transported into 26 tons palm FFB ha-1 yr-1. Fertilizer treatment combination of 50% chemical fertilizer + BF will technically be safe only for palm yield of <16 tons palm FFB ha-1 yr-1, since nutrients given as fertilizer are still higher than those transported into the palm yield

A COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS FOR TOMATO PRODUCTION

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most popular and versatile vegetables in the world, and organic production with a high yield and desirable quality is a target of many producers. The effect of four different fertilizers (chemical, municipal solid waste compost, cattle manure, and spent mushroom compost) on four commercial tomato cultivars (Redstone, Flat, Peto Pride and Chief) was assessed in this research. The highest yield was obtained with the Chief cultivar when fertilized with chemical fertilizer and the lowest value was obtained with Peto Pride fertilized with 20 tonnes per hectare (t/ha) of cow manure. The difference between the two classes of fertilizers (organic and chemical) was not very high so that organic fertilizers are competitive and may be a suitable replacement for chemical fertilizer. According to our results, to achieve maximum yields with organic fertilizers, 20 t/ha of spent mushroom compost can be recommended for the Redstone cultivar, 30 t/ha of cow manure for Flat, 300 t/ha of municipal solid waste compost for Peto Pride, and 300 t/ha of municipal solid waste compost or 20 t/ha of spent mushroom compost can be recommended for the Chief cultivar. These recommended organic fertilizing regimes achieved cultivar yields comparable to the chemical fertilizer treatments, achieving a yield of 98.4% for Redstone, 99.5% for Flat, 97.6% for Peto Pride, and 95.7% for Chief

Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of radish

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is necessary to enhance sustainable yield in an eco-friendly way. A field experiment was conducted in the research field of Midwest Academy and Research Institute College of Live Sciences, Tulsipur, Dang from November 2018 to January 2019 to investigate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of radish. Mino Early variety was used in the experiment. The experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications and 5 treatments. Nitrogen (N) was supplied through different sources. The treatment combinations were: control (T1), 100% recommended N through chemical fertilizer (T2), 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through farmyard manure (FYM) (T3), 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure (T4) and 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% vermicompost (T5). Significant effect was noted on leaf numbers, root length, root diameter and yield per ha but no significant effect was noted on the germination percentage and plant height. The highest germination percentage  (77.00 %), plant height (13.27 cm), root length (16.94 cm), root diameter (3.01 cm), and yield per ha (16.55 t/ha) was recorded at T4 (50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure). T5 (50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% vermicompost) recorded the highest leaf numbers (10.40). In our experiment, T4 (50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure) was found to be superior, so in inner terai places like Tulsipur, Dang it is suggested to apply 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure to obtain a high yield of radish

Potential of Compost and Bio Fertilizer Combination in Improving Growth and Yield of Red Curly Chili

Red curly chili production in Indonesia is currently falling short of expectations. The objective of this research was to evaluate the affectivity of bio fertilizer and compost combination in increasing growth and yield two varieties of red curly chili in Rancamaya, Bogor. Split plot design was used as an experimental design with different variety of red curly chili (OR Twist = V1 and Kencana = V2) as main plot and fertilizer (A = Control without chemical fertilizers + Compost + POH, B = 50% Chemical Fertilizer + Compost + POH, C = 75% Chemical Fertilizer + Compost + POH, D = 100% Chemical Fertilizer + Compost + POH, E = 100% Chemical Fertilizer + manure, F = 100% Chemical Fertilizer) combination as sub plot. The collected data was analysed by using ANOVA with 5% of significancy, a further test is performed using duncan mutiple range test. OR Twist variety showed the highest growth performance on plant height with 26.4 cm (21 DAP), 56.3 cm (35 DAP), and 82.8 cm (DAP) and leave number by 86.8 and 285 leaves at 35 and 39 DAP. The highest cumulative yield of red curly chili was resulted by OR Twist variety from 1st until 5th harvesting period. OR Twist variety and 50% chemical fertilizer treatment with the addition of compost and POH was the best combination in increasing average fruit weight and cumulative of red curly chili at Rancamaya, Bogor

Nitrogen and Phosphorous Movement Characteristic in Terrace Paddy Field Using Cascade Irrigation System in West Sumatra, Indonesia

West Sumatra is one of Indonesian rice bowl. The landscape of this province dominated by mountainous area with beautiful terrace paddy field lied from the middle slope to the lowland. The most common rice cultivation management in this area is application of cascade irrigation system with blanked amount of chemical fertilizer application. This study intends to figure out, whether this kind of paddy field management sustains and friendly to the environment or not. The results showed that cascade irrigation system created some discrepancies in suspended solid (SS), dissolve organic matter (DOM) and the nutrient movement characteristic a long the slope. The SS and DOM load and discharge strongly influenced by land preparation activities, while total and available nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) affected by chemical fertilizer application. In the upper part, the amount of chemical fertilizer seemed sufficient, indicated by negative amount of nutrient balance, while lower terrace show some indication of excess nutrient input. To avoid some demerit of cascade irrigation system, chemical fertilizer application should be base on site specific characteristic and taking into account of natural source contribution.Keywords: Cascade irrigation, chemical fertilizer, nutrient balance, terrace paddy fiel

The effect of bio-chemical fertilizer on the growth perfomance of rubber seedlings / Norashikin Sa’ari

Rubber, Hevea brasiliensis, has been introduced in Malaysia ever since before independence in 1957. Being one of the major income in the economy of Malaysia, Today, Malaysia Rubber Board (MRB) has introduced more than 30 clones under the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia (RRIM). The purpose of this study is to provide information about the effect of bio-chemical fertilizer on growth performance of the rubber seedlings and to study the best combination of fertilizer on the growth of rubber seedlings. The fertilizer used in this study are RISDA 1 fertilizer and RealStrong Bio-Chemical Compound Fertilizer. The clone selected is from latex timber clones under RRIM 2000 series which is RRIM 2002. The performance of the Hevea brasiliensis were measured in various aspect of parameters to determine the growth performance of the rubber seedlings. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replication. Five different combination of fertilizer were used; T1 (100% NPK) acted as control, T2 (60% NPK + 40% Bio-chemical fertilizer), T3 (40% + 60% Bio-chemical fertilizer), T4 (20% NPK + 80% Bio-chemical fertilizer) and T5 (100% Bio-chemical fertilizer). The results show that T2 had been the best combination fertilizer for the growth of RRIM 2002 seedlings compared to the other combination. . It show that combination of bio-chemical fertilizer with the NPK fertilizer does give positive effect in the growth rate of the rubber seedlings