Ocular chemical burns in the workplace: epidemiological characteristics of a Spanish cohort.

Background Epidemiological studies focusing on occupational pathologies can be an important medium through which to bring about change with respect to workplace accidents, both in terms of prevention planning and management as well as the appropriate care following an accident. Ocular chemical burns benefit from urgent attention as, if not treated early and appropriately, the tissue of the eye and its functionality can be seriously compromised. The objective of this study was to collate epidemiological data on workplace ocular chemical burns which could in turn serve to identify key action points in terms of occupational health. Methods Cohort study with 604 cases of chemical burns to the eye occurring in the workplace between 2014 and 2015. Criteria inclusion were diagnosis of chemical burn, patient seen at the medical centre of the mutual society, workplace acquired ophthalmic pathology leading to the issuing of a sickness certificate. No exclusion criteria were defined. Results Ocular chemical burns were the second most common workplace eye injury (12.68%) behind foreign bodies in the eye (43.42%). Men accounted for 68.54% of cases of ocular chemical burns. In around 75% of cases, sickness certification was for less than 7 days, although 6 patients suffered permanent disability. The occupational sector which was most affected particularly the industry service industry. The economic costs with these workplace injuries were extracted. Conclusions Appropriate early medical assistance is essential. The production and distribution of clinical guides for health care workers could optimise first line assistance and mitigate possible training deficiencies.pre-print169 K

CHEMICAL BURN ON CHILDREN PATIENT DUE TO IATROGENIC OF CRESOPHENE DURING ROOT CANAL TREATMENT

Introduction: Chemical burns are injuries to the oral mucosa caused by the application of corrosive topical materials. Chemical trauma or chemical burns are one cause of mouth ulcers. Cutaneous and perioral skin chemical burn clinically, erythema, burning sensation, edema, desquamation, and ulcers. Case: A 6-year-old child patient complained of a burning sensation in the corner of the left lip during a treatment of root canal treatment using cresophene. Treatment: Patient was given a topical application of aloe vera extract dental gel, and was prescribed the same drug. Discussion: Cresophene is an antimicrobial agent used for infected root canal treatment. Cresophene is an agent antimicrobial class of phenol compounds, because it contains phenol, cresophene have antibacterial activity especially on group of gram positive bacteria. The clinical appearance of chemical burns depends on the severity of the tissue damage, the destructive properties, and mode of application of the causative agent. Aloe vera taken in a variety of dosage forms may be useful in accelerating the wound healing process and tend to raise the rate of success of healing and the rate of epithelialization in first and second burns

Prospects of phytopreparations based on Calendula officinalis in complex treatment of chemical burn of the esophagus

Currently worldwide chemical burns of the esophagus rank first among all diseases of the esophagus in children and second in adults. Because of commonly accepted algorithms of rendering of medical aid in case of chemical burns of the esophagus in the prehospital and hospital stages (washing of the esophagus and the stomach, adequate anesthesia, corticosteroid, antibiotic therapy, the group of antacids and symptomatic treatment), the choice of drug and method of local impact on the surface of chemical burn of the esophagus remain an urgent problem. The lack of standardized approach in treatment of local changes in chemical burns of the esophagus, severe and unsatisfactory results of using medication algorithms inspire a search for alternative methods of treatment and drug development. Herbal remedies are comparable in effectiveness, but also have the combined multivalent effect on the entire body, causing minimum of side effects. Basing on the literature review, we have come to a conclusion that the most balanced composition of biologically active substances and a positive influence on the basic pathogenesis of esophageal chemical burns has Calendula officinalis. Features and scope of Calendula officinalis are not fully understood. The creation of a multidrug for the local treatment chemical burns of the esophagus based on this herb proves to be very promising

Emergency management: chemical burns

Chemical injury causes severe corneal scarring, but this can be prevented by immediate irrigation of the eye

Ocular chemical burns. Case report.

Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, The 8th International Medical Congress for Students and Young Doctors, September 24-26, 2020Background. Ocular burns represent about 11-22% of ocular trauma. The most affected are young men, 20-40 y. o. These can happen anywhere, at home, work or after physical aggression. The most severe damage is due to acids and alkali. They can destroy limbal stemcells and produce recurrent epithelial ulcerations, chronic stromal ulcers, deep stromal vascularization and corneal perforation, in this way leading to blindness. Acid ocular burns are produced by: sulfuric acid (battery acid, industrial cleaner), acetic acid (vinegar), hydrochloric acid (chemical laboratories), sulfurous acid (bleach, refrigerant, fruit and vegetable preservative). Alkali burns: ammonia (fertilizers, refrigerants), lye (drain cleaner), lime (plastic, mortar, cement, whitewash), potassium hydroxide (caustic potash), magnesium hydroxide (sparklers, incendiary devices). In our case, patient’s burn was due to salicylic acid (a component used for preparing drops to treat dermatomycosis). Case report. A 42 y.o. male presented to our clinic with right eye pain, redness and decrease of visual acuity for two weeks, when he accidentally instilled a drop of topical dermatomycosis medication (wich contains salicylic acid of 10%, ethanol 3%, phenol 1% and preservatives) considering it as artificial tears. That led to severe ocular pain, irritation, watering and photophobia. Clinical examination revealed: VA OD/OS = 0,01/0,67; at slit lamp biomicroscopy - diffuse conjunctival congestion with corneal epithelial defect of 6 × 5.7 mm involving the central visual axis with swollen rounded edges and surrounding area of corneal edema. After saline wash, the patient started on topical moxifloxacin 0.5%, dexamethasone 0.1%, vitamin C drops, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose 0.3%, and carboxymethylcellulose gel 1% along with oral doxycycline 100 mg and vitamin C 500 mg., subconjunctival autologous serum and 2 amniotic membrane transplantation were performed. The defect healed leaving behind a macular corneal opacity after a period of 10 weeks, VA OD= 0,16. Conclusions. 1. Salicylic acid and phenol are frequently used for most dermatological drugs. They affect the ocular surface, causing chemical burns. 2. The release of dermatological drugs similar to ophthalmic solutions in vials is a risk factor for confusing them, especially if the patient has visual impairment, is mentally deficient, or simply is in a hurry. 3. The treatment of chemical burns is very challenging and often ends with blindness

The Ocular Surface Chemical Burns

Ocular chemical burns are common and serious ocular emergencies that require immediate and intensive evaluation and care. The victims of such incidents are usually young, and therefore loss of vision and disfigurement could dramatically affect their lives. The clinical course can be divided into immediate, acute, early, and late reparative phases. The degree of limbal, corneal, and conjunctival involvement at the time of injury is critically associated with prognosis. The treatment starts with simple but vision saving steps and is continued with complicated surgical procedures later in the course of the disease. The goal of treatment is to restore the normal ocular surface anatomy and function. Limbal stem cell transplantation, amniotic membrane transplantation, and ultimately keratoprosthesis may be indicated depending on the patients’ needs

Innovative therapeutic approach to chemical burns produced by vesicants; an experimental study

Vesicants are compounds that cause severe toxic effects on various tissues. Such chemical action causes tissue necrosis, with clinical expression of skin lesions with a burning character and characteristic blisters. Clinical toxic effects of cutaneous vesicles are correlated with the absorbed dose and exposure time. The goals of the study are to evaluate in vitro the skin toxicity produced by the vesicant chemical compound 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide (CEES), to develop a complex antidote formula, and to optimize the therapeutic efficacy by inclusion in controlled release systems. The experimental protocol aims at the in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the vesicant compound CEES and of the optimized complex antidote, using the MTT cell viability test. Optimization of the complex antidote formula was achieved by developing and in vitro and in vivo testing of a fixed combination of active substances with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, formulated as a solution with cutaneous administration. In vitro cytotoxicity tests on fibroblast cultures revealed the protective effect of the newly developed antidote solution, specifically a dose-related effect in the case of vesicant exposure

An Analysis of Occupational Burn Injuries in Rhode Island: Workers' Compensation Claims 1998-2002

Background - upational burns have been determined to be a serious public health concern. The analysis of workplace risks and risk factors associated with burns are critical to developing effective interventions in the future. Methods - This study examined accepted Rhode Island workers' compensation claims (n = 5,619) from 1998 to 2002 to assess the rates and risks of occupational burns. Employment data from the Department of Labor's Current Population Survey (CPS) was used for the estimation of claim rates and shift analyses. Results - The overall burn rate was estimated to be 24.3 per 10,000 workers. The claim rate for workers under 25 years of age was almost double that for all other age groups. The average per-claim disability duration for claims requiring indemnity was 167.9 days and average annual total cost of claims was $1,010,166. The highest claim rate identified was for workers in food service occupations and an increased risk was found for chemical burns among evening and night shift workers. Conclusions - Increased interventions are needed to reduce occupational burns in work settings. Particular diligence should be should address occupational burn hazards in restaurant establishments, and preventative measures aimed at young employees and late shift workers.