Faith, Family, and Forbearance

In her work entitled A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson (1682), Mary Rowlandson of the Massachusetts Bay Colony describes her experience of being captured and kept prisoner by a group of Algonquian Indians for 11 weeks. As she relates this history, Rowlandson provides readers with a detailed account of the thoughts, emotions, and opinions she has while in captivity. Throughout this captivity, Rowlandson shows a remarkable faith and trust in God. This faith seems to experience a transformation during her time of imprisonment, from not being of great importance to her at the beginning of the history, to growing greatly through this trial. Further, Rowlandson’s faith seems to have an influence on how she views her family and the pain she experiences in regard to them, because of her great love for them. Rowlandson’s faith also teaches her the ability to adapt, even in times of great difficulty, and it helps her to develop the quality of forbearance. Finally, Rowlandson’s faith seems to grow through her experience of Indian captivity. Throughout her captivity, Mary Rowlandson’s faith experiences a progression as she turns to the Bible for help; her faith helps her face the tragedies in her family, it teaches her lessons about patience, and it grows stronger as a result of her experience

What is prison like?

Captivity narrative

The partial captivity condition for U(1) extensions of expanding maps on the circle

This paper concerns the compact group extension $$f:\mathbb{T}^2\to \mathbb{T}^2,\quad f (x,s)= (E(x), s+\tau(x)\ \text{mod }1)$$ of an expanding map $E:\mathbb{S}^1\to \mathbb{S}^1$. The dynamics of $f$ and its stochastic perturbations have previously been studied under the so-called partial captivity condition. Here we prove a supplementary result that shows that partial captivity is a $\mathscr{C}^r$ generic condition on $\tau$, once we fix $E$.Comment: 9 pages; minor change

Review of Life and Death in Captivity: The Abuse of Prisoners during War by Geoffrey P.R. Wallace

Review of Life and Death in Captivity: The Abuse of Prisoners during War by Geoffrey P.R. Wallace

Territorial captivity and voter participation in national election: a theoretical and empirical analysis

We propose a theory of territorial captivity to explain the level of voter turnout in national elections. We start by showing that the consequences of voting in an election are limited to a clearly defined territory. For this reason, the expected return on the election results will be higher for electors who have high exit costs. According to the theory of rational voting, the expected return on the election results influences the level of turnout. If this is so, then we can argue that the more "territorially captive" voters are, the more likely they are to vote. We continue by describing the institutional, geographical and property-related nature of captivity. By testing our hypothesis in the context of the French parliamentary elections of 1997, we then demonstrate empirically that the constituencies in which individuals are most captive are also those with the highest turnout.exit, captivity, electoral turnout, labour migration, economics of voting

Nutritional and health status of woolly monkeys

Woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha and L. flavicauda) are threatened species in the wild and in captivity. Numerous zoological institutions have historically kept Lagothrix lagotricha spp., but only a few of them have succeeded in breeding populations. Therefore the majority of institutions that formerly kept Lagothrix lagotricha are no longer able or willing to do so. Captive populations of the species have frequent health problems, most significantly hypertension and related disorders. Researchers have conducted free-ranging dietary and behavior studies with respect to woolly monkeys, but have established no concrete link between diet or nutrients and captive health problems. The available literature we discuss indicates that researchers need to examine the link further. In addition, it is critical to the survival of the primates to be able to keep breeding populations in captivity owing to increasing natural pressures such as deforestation and hunting. Therefore, better understanding of the captive and free-ranging behavior and health parameters of the species is vital to ensure their survival and to maintain forest health and diversity. Researchers need to conduct large-scale research studies comparing the health and complete diet of individuals in the wild and captivity to resolve health problems facing the species in captivity

Distribution and ecology of the Banks Peninsula tree weta, Hemideina ricta : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology at Massey University

Comparative morphology. Hemideina ricta and H.femorata were assessed for their morphological similarity. H. ricta adults were found to have significantly longer and wider heads in both sexes and longer cerci in adult males. The tibial length of adult female H. femorata was significantly longer than in H. ricta. Thorax width, thorax length and ovipositor length did not differ significantly between the two species. Habitat and distribution. H. ricta and H.femorata are predominantly allopatric on Banks Peninsula, with H. ricta being found on the outer eastern portion of Banks Peninsula and on the inner Akaroa Harbour while H. femorata is located on the inner Akaroa Harbour and westward from here. The two species overlapped altitudinally, but H. femorata was not found above 450 m asl whereas H. ricta was discovered from 20 m to 806 m asl. H. femorata showed a strong preference for kanuka habitat whilst H. ricta had a broader preference for kanuka, mixed broadleaved hardwoods, fallen totara and broadleaf logs and old fenceposts. Refuge occupation. The refuges where H. ricta and H.femorata rested during the day were assessed for their similarity. Both species preferred galleries formed by beetle larvae as these probably offered the greatest protection from predators. Weta were also found in splits, under the bark of trees, in rotten logs and in the forks of trees. Significantly more galleries were occupied by H. ricta adults, compared to juveniles, that occupied areas under bark and in splits. There was no significant difference in the refuges occupied by adult and juvenile H.femorata. Behaviour. The nocturnal behaviour of H. ricta in captivity and in the field was investigated. Their activity in captivity was significantly greater. H. ricta were observed moulting, ovipositing, mating and fighting in captivity whereas in the field none or only a few of these activities were recorded. H. ricta in captivity also spent more time perching on logs and foliage compared to field situations. It is probable that temperature influenced this result because H. ricta showed elevated activity and a greater variety of activity with increased temperature in the field. Feeding preferences. The comparative feeding preferences of H. ricta and H. femorata were assessed on five commonly located mixed broadleaved hardwood tree species. H. ricta and H. femorata consumed significantly different amounts of the selected plants as did juvenile and adult weta. More Parsonsia was eaten by H. ricta and more Pittosporum was eaten by H. femorata. In addition, significantly more Parsonsia was consumed by adult male H. ricta compared to juvenile males. There was no significant difference between preferred plant between the sexes

Swimming with captive dolphins: current debates and post-experience dissonance

Dolphins have widespread contemporary appeal and anthropomorphic social representations of dolphins have fuelled a growing desire in tourist populations to seek interaction with them. This paper is concerned with the staged performance of swim-with-dolphin interaction programmes in aquaria. Qualitative interviews with tourists who have swum with captive dolphins identified their immediate recollections and stressed the grace, size and power of dolphins, but also a belief that the experience was too staged, too short and too expensive. Post-purchase dissonance focused on concerns with the size of enclosures and about captivity, too many tricks, limited interpretation and unfulfilled expectations of a quality interaction

Early egg traits in Cancer setosus (Decapoda, Brachyura): effects of temperature and female size

Previous study on Cancer setosus (Molina, 1782) had shown that latitudinal changes in temperature control the number of annual egg masses. This study focused on the effects of pre-oviposition temperature and female size on egg-traits in C. setosus from Northern (Antofagasta 23ºS) and Central-Southern (Puerto Montt 41ºS) Chile. Blastula eggs produced in nature ranged in dry mass (DM) from 9.1 to 15.1 µg, in carbon (C) from 4.8 to 8.4 µg, in nitrogen (N) from 1.0 to 1.6 µg, in C:N ratio between 4.7 and 5.4, and in volume (V) between 152 and 276 mm3 x 10-4 per female. Blastula eggs from females caught early in the reproductive season in Puerto Montt (09/2006) were significantly higher in DM, C, N, and V than those of females caught two months later (11/2006), reflecting a seasonal increase in water temperature. In Puerto Montt “early” and “late” season blastula eggs were about 32% and 20% higher in DM, C, N, and V as eggs from Antofagasta, respectively. Subsequent egg masses produced in captivity in Puerto Montt followed this pattern of smaller eggs with lower DM, C, and N content at higher pre-oviposition temperatures. In Antofagasta no significant difference in DM, C, N and V between eggs produced in nature and subsequent eggs produced in captivity was found and all egg traits were significantly positively affected by maternal size. Reproductive plasticity in C. setosus helps explaining the species wide latitudinal distribution range

Novel insights into the genetic diversity of Balantidium and Balantidium-like cyst-forming ciliates

Balantidiasis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease with pigs serving as reservoir hosts. However, Balantidium coli has been recorded in many other mammalian species, including primates. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity of B. coli in non-human primates using two gene markers (SSrDNA and ITS1-5.8SDNA-ITS2). We analyzed 49 isolates of ciliates from fecal samples originating from 11 species of captive and wild primates, domestic pigs and wild boar. The phylogenetic trees were computed using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood. Balantidium entozoon from edible frog and Buxtonella sulcata from cattle were included in the analyses as the closest relatives of B. coli, as well as reference sequences of vestibuliferids. The SSrDNA tree showed the same phylogenetic diversification of B. coli at genus level as the tree constructed based on the ITS region. Based on the polymorphism of SSrDNA sequences, the type species of the genus, namely B. entozoon, appeared to be phylogenetically distinct from B. coli. Thus, we propose a new genus Neobalantidium for the homeothermic clade. Moreover, several isolates from both captive and wild primates (excluding great apes) clustered with B. sulcata with high support, suggesting the existence of a new species within this genus. The cysts of Buxtonella and Neobalantidium are morphologically indistinguishable and the presence of Buxtonella-like ciliates in primates opens the question about possible occurrence of these pathogens in humans