31,336 research outputs found

    Espacialização da soja nos biomas Amazônia, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica e Pampa entre os anos de 2007 e 2012.

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    Uma das culturas agrícolas que está em maior ascensão no Brasil nas últimas três décadas é a soja, que ocupa 49% da área plantada de grãos no país. A soja é cultivada principalmente nas regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste. A pesquisa feita objetivou demonstrar a distribuição espacial da produção de soja no Brasil em quatro biomas, Amazônia, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica e Pampa, nos anos de 2007 a 2012. A análise de cluster revelou as similaridades entre os biomas Amazônia e Cerrado quanto à produtividade média anual (kg/ha/ano). Os biomas Amazônia e Pampa apresentaram similaridades quanto à área plantada (ha). Mato Grosso, inserido nos biomas Amazônia e Cerrado, foi o estado que apresentou os maiores valores de produção média total e área média plantada

    Usahasama Penyelidikan, Pembangunan Biomas

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    Institut Kebangsaan Industri Sains dan Teknologi Termaju (AIST) dan Institut Teknologi Kyushu (KIT) dari Jepun menjalin usahasama penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D) dalam bidang biomas dengan Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

    Drought impacts on vegetation activity, growth and primary production in humid and arid ecosystems

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    9 Pags., 5 Figs.[EN] We have evaluated the response of the Earth biomes to drought using a new global dataset that captures drought effects on vegetation at various time scales. We show that arid and humid biomes are both affected by drought, and that the time scale on which droughts most intensively affects vegetation plays a key role in determining the sensitivity of biomes to drought. Arid biomes respond to drought at short time scales because plants have mechanisms allowing them to rapidly adapt to changing water availability. Humid biomes also respond to drought at short time scales, probably because there plant species show a poor adaptability to water shortage. Sub-humid biomes respond to drought at long time scales because plants are adapted to withstand water deficit, but they lack the rapid post-drought recovery observed in arid biomes.[ES] En este trabajo se evalúa la respuesta de los diferentes biomas terrestre a la sequía mediante una base de datos nueva que captura el efecto de la sequía sobre la vegetación a diferentes escalas temporales. Se ha comprobado que los biomas característicos de zonas áridas y húmedas se ven afectados por la sequía, y que la escala temporal de la sequía juega un papel clave al determinar la sensibilidad de los biomas a la sequía. Los biomas áridos responden a las sequías medidas a escalas temporales cortas, debido a que las plantas tienen mecanismos que les permitan adaptarse rápidamente a la disponibilidad de agua. Los biomas húmedos también responden a la sequía a escalas temporales cortas, probablemente debido a que las especies ubicadas allí muestran una mala adaptación a la escasez de agua. Los biomas subhúmedos responden a la sequía a escalas de tiempo más largas, porque las plantas están adaptadas para soportar el déficit de agua, pero carecen de la rápida recuperación observada tras la sequía en los biomas áridos.This work was supported by projects financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology (CGL2O1 1-27574-C02-02, CGL2O1 1-27536 and CGL2O1 1-26654) and the Aragón Government. J.J.C. thanks the support of ARAID and A.S-L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Generalitat de Catalunya (2009 BP-A 00035).Peer reviewe

    Plantas medicinais nos biomas brasileiros.

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    Drought impacts on vegetation activity, growth and primary production in humid and arid ecosystems

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    Ponencia presentada en: VIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Salamanca entre el 25 y el 28 de septiembre de 2012.[EN]We have evaluated the response of the Earth biomes to drought using a new global dataset that captures drought effects on vegetation at various time scales. We show that arid and humid biomes are both affected by drought, and that the time scale on which droughts most intensively affects vegetation plays a key role in determining the sensitivity of biomes to drought. Arid biomes respond to drought at short time scales because plants have mechanisms allowing them to rapidly adapt to changing water availability. Humid biomes also respond to drought at short time scales, probably because there plant species show a poor adaptability to water shortage. Sub-humid biomes respond to drought at long time scales because plants are adapted to withstand water deficit, but they lack the rapid post-drought recovery observed in arid biomes.[ES]En este trabajo se evalúa la respuesta de los diferentes biomas terrestre a la sequía mediante una base de datos nueva que captura el efecto de la sequía sobre la vegetación a diferentes escalas temporales. Se ha comprobado que los biomas característicos de zonas áridas y húmedas se ven afectados por la sequía, y que la escala temporal de la sequía juega un papel clave al determinar la sensibilidad de los biomas a la sequía. Los biomas áridos responden a las sequías medidas a escalas temporales cortas, debido a que las plantas tienen mecanismos que les permitan adaptarse rápidamente a la disponibilidad de agua. Los biomas húmedos también responden a la sequía a escalas temporales cortas, probablemente debido a que las especies ubicadas allí muestran una mala adaptación a la escasez de agua. Los biomas subhúmedos responden a la sequía a escalas de tiempo más largas, porque las plantas están adaptadas para soportar el déficit de agua, pero carecen de la rápida recuperación observada tras la sequía en los biomas áridos.This work was supported by projects financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology (CGL2011-27574-CO2-02, CGL2011-27536 and CGL2011-26654) and the Aragón Government. J.J.C. thanks the support of ARAID and A.S-L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Generalitat de Catalunya (2009 BP-A 00035)

    Ecological studies of the aquatic soil invertebrates in three inundation forests of Central Amazonia

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    From January 1971 till August 1972 ecological studies were carried out on the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the benthos community of three Central-Amazonian inundation forests. The three investigated forests were chosen according to the influence of different water types. These forests were: 1. a site with an inflow of whitewater on Ilha de Curarí, 2. a site in a mixed water area at Lago Janauarí, and 3. a site in a black water area at Rio Tarumã Mirím. The annual water level fluctuations caused similar ecological conditions concerning seasonal changes, whereas the differences between the forests depended on the inflow of the different water types. The benthos composition differs according to the inundation forest type. Stenecious species, occurring only in one of the three forests, as well as euryecious species, inhabiting the three forests, were found. In addition many species were obtained which live either in white and mixed water or in mixed and black water. The soil invertebrates adapted to the annual water level fluctuations. The most common adaptation may be seasonal dispersal, being developed as a migration or a translocation. Migrations could be detected for Campsurus notatus and Eupera simoni in white respectively mixed water. In black waters numerous species show a translocation, caused by the oxygen deficit of the deep water. A diapause stage can be assumed for Eupera simoni. This dormant stage enables the bivalve to persist in the forest during the dry period. Brasilocaenís irmleri assumingly transports its eggs by the current in optimal habitats, where it develops rapidly in 14-21 days. A dependence on the forest habitat was detected for some species of the mixed and black water. Other species of the inundation area, particularly of the white water area, are not dependent on the forest habitat. In addition to seasonal changes in the benthos composition, a vertical stratification was found. The inundation forest can be subdivided in a river or lake near part, a central part, and a terra firme near part. The intestinal content studies on the soil invertebrates and the oxygen conditions in the three inundation forests indicate the probable different breakdown of the litter in the forest of the várzea on the one hand and the igapó on the other hand. Secondary productions could be estimated for the white water area with 10-15 g/m2 and year and for the mixed water area with 90-110 g/m2 and year. In the inundation forest of the mixed water, having the highest production of the three forests, environmental factors like oxygen concentration, sedimentation etc. and trophic factors offer favourable conditions for the inhabitation of the benthos

    Estimativa de estoque de carbono em sistema de produção de soja na região norte mato-grossense.

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar dados sobre o cultivo da soja e realizar estimativas de estoque de carbono orgânico do solo (COS) sob tal cultura utilizando ferramentas de geoprocessamento. Para a estimativa do COS foram utilizados mapas digitais de solo, de biomas e das áreas produtoras em 1999 e 2007. As áreas produtoras foram divididas em unidades cartográficas segundo a combinação de solos, biomas e cultivo com soja. Os valores de COS foram estimados para cada unidade cartográfica pela aplicação de fatores publicados em literatura que correlacionavam o estoque de COS aos solos, biomas e cultivo com soja. Posteriormente, para cada município da região, obteve- se o estoque médio de COS por hectare nas áreas produtoras. Mapas coropléticos com os valores de COS por município foram elaborados. Nos municípios avaliados, em solos cultivados com soja, a variação média no estoque de COS, obtida através das estimativas realizadas, foi positiva, de 2,7% ou 1,3 Mg ha-1. Essa variação decorre da adoção crescente da prática do plantio direto, uma forma de manejo que favorece a estabilização da matéria orgânica no solo
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