Gorlin syndrome in a patient with skin type VI

Gorlin syndrome, also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas developing at a young age, keratocystic odontogenic tumors of the jaw, palmar or plantar pits, calcification of the falx cerebri, and skeletal abnormalities. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is caused by mutations in the PTCH1 or SUFU genes. Our patient with Fitzpatrick skin type VI was diagnosed with Gorlin syndrome based on the presentation of multiple major diagnostic characteristics. Although he is 33 years old, he has not developed any multiple basal cell carcinomas to date

Focal neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic gland carcinoma with basaloid pattern

Introduction. Prostatic gland basal cell proliferations exhibit morphological continuum ranging from basal cell hyperplasia to basal cell carcinoma. In the following report, we described clinical features, morphological spectrum, neuroendocrine differentiation and histogenesis of prostatic gland basal cell carcinoma in our patient. Case report. Hematoxylin- eosin (HE), Alcian blu-periodic acid schiff (ABPAS) at pH 2.5 stained sections and the avidin-biotinperoxidase complex (ABC), were performed on prostate gland paraffin-embedded tissue. Monoclonal antibodies directed against cytokeratin (34βE12) which selectively stains basal cells, prostate specific antigen (PSA), chromogranine A, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin and CD56, were used. Basal cell proliferations exhibited a morphological continuum ranging from basal cell hyperplasia to prostatic gland carcinoma. In these prostatic lesions, positive reactivity was demonstrated for 34βE12 and CD56. These findings indicate that the basaloid cells of basal cell hyperplasia, florid basal cell hyperplasia, atypical basal cell hyperplasia and basal cell carcinoma are derived from basal cells of the normal prostate gland suggesting a continuum in the progression of hyperplasia to benign and then malignant neoplasia. The presence of CD56 protein in the discovered lesions may be related to their neuroendocrine differentiation. Conclusion. The fact, that our patient was well six years after the radical prostatectomy supports the belief of some authors that basal cell carcinoma represents a low grade carcinoma with an excellent prognosis

Basal cell carcinoma in oculo-cutaneous albinism

The basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin tumour especially affecting the white individuals worldwide. The exact incidence of basal cell carcinoma is not known from India but non melanoma skin cancers comprises about 1-2% of cutaneous tumour in India. The most common skin tumour is squamous cell carcinoma in albinism and the incidence of basal cell carcinoma is less. Hereby, we report a peculiar case of basal cell carcinoma in albinism to highlights the importance of early recognition and diagnosis of suspected lesions by performing histopathological examination in unusual circumstances

Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with a Second Squamous Cell Carcinoma or Basal Cell Carcinoma in Psoralen + Ultraviolet A Light-treated Psoriasis Patients

Psoralen + ultraviolet A-treated psoriasis patients are at increased risk for squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas; however, the incidence and risk factors associated with second squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas in this population are not well qualified. Incidence and risk factors for second squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas were studied in a cohort of 1380 psoralen + ultraviolet A-treated psoriasis patients prospectively followed for over 20 y; 264 had a squamous cell carcinoma and 258 a basal cell carcinoma after beginning psoralen + ultraviolet A therapy. After a first squamous cell carcinoma, the risk of a second squamous cell carcinoma was 26% at 1 y, 62% at 5 y, and 75% at 10 y. Risk increased with high psoralen + ultraviolet A exposure prior to the first squamous cell carcinoma (hazard ratio 3.32, 95% confidence interval 1.53, 7.18). Higher rates of post-first squamous cell carcinoma psoralen + ultraviolet A treatment also were associated with greater risk (hazard ratio 1.56 for every additional 10 treatments per year for patients with low pre-first squamous cell carcinoma psoralen + ultraviolet A exposure, 95% confidence interval 1.35, 1.81). Patients exposed to high levels of tar and/or ultraviolet B before a first squamous cell carcinoma were also at higher risk (hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.14–2.60). Risk of a second basal cell carcinoma was 21% at 1 y, 49% at 5 y, and 61% at 10 y. There was some evidence that high exposure to psoralen + ultraviolet A before a first basal cell carcinoma was associated with increased risk of second basal cell carcinoma (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 0.97–2.17). Higher post-first tumor psoralen + ultraviolet A treatment rates also increased risk (hazard ratio 1.24 for every additional 10 treatments per year, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.47). Psoralen + ultraviolet A-treated psoriasis patients appear to have a greatly increased incidence of second squamous cell carcinoma compared with the general population. Patients who develop a squamous cell carcinoma after starting psoralen + ultraviolet A therapy should be closely monitored for a subsequent squamous cell carcinoma

Metastatic basal cell carcinoma caused by carcinoma misdiagnosed as acne - case report and literature review

Basal cell carcinoma can be misdiagnosed as acne; thus, carcinoma should be considered in treatment‐resistant acne. Although rare, neglected basal cell carcinoma increases the risk of metastasis

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is the commonest cutaneous malignancy. The last decade has witnessed exponential research which has broadened our understanding of the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinomas. This is also important from a therapeutic point of view as targeted approach to therapy is now being increasingly experimented. Although it is impossible to condense and present all good research in one book, the authors have to be commended on presenting their research on several aspects of basal cell carcinoma in a succinct manner, which shall not only enhance our understanding of, but also hopefully via this open exchange of ideas pave ways for successful targeted therapy of the commonest human cancer

Automatic discrimination of basal cell carcinoma from sebaceous hyperplasia based on image processing of dermoscopy images

“This project focuses on discriminating basal cell carcinoma from sebaceous hyperplasia using image processing techniques. Basal cell carcinoma is a kind of malignant skin cancer that needs to be treated; however, if diagnosed as sebaceous hyperplasia, a benign lesion which is a mimic of basal cell carcinoma, then it may not be treated properly. Through observation, white pouch-like areas within the lesion appear in sebaceous hyperplasia images; whereas in basal cell carcinoma images, white areas tend to be formed in a smashed irregular figure shape. Hence, utilizing image processing techniques to segment these white areas from the images and using the resulting blob mask images to extract features to train a model for classification is the aim of the project to achieve a higher chance of correctly classifying basal cell carcinoma from sebaceous hyperplasia automatically through dermoscopy images”--Abstract, page iii

Basal cell carcinoma arising from an epidermal naevus

Epidermal naevus is a congenital cutaneous hamartoma with a benign course. We highlight a rare case of epidermal naevus with concurrent basal cell carcinoma. A 79-year-old male had a skin biopsy at our centre for an enlarging skin nodule within a linear papular lesion measuring 2 x 4 cm at the left side of his neck, which was later diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma arising from an epidermal naevus. PIK3CA mutation is attributed to basal cell carcinoma which suggests the basal cell carcinoma component is independent of the epidermal naevus component. Clinicians and pathologists must be aware of possible malignant changes that might arise in an epidermal naevus