Bait preference field study for the California ground squirrel

A bait preference field study of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi beecheyi) was performed involving the comparison of the following untreated bait formulations fed ad lib: oat groats, Ramik Green, and ZP Rodent Ag Bait. The study was performed on rangeland at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, from March 11, 1984, to September 15, 1984. Poor bait quality problems occurred in the early period of the study (March 11 to May 17), resulting in poor acceptance of both Ramik and Ag Bait. A descriptive analysis of this period is discussed. The statistical analysis of relative bait consumption (June 3 to September 15) determined a significant difference between the consumption of oat groats versus Ramik and Ag Bait; no significant difference between Ramik and Ag Bait; the acceptance of all three baits was good; and the use of any of the three would result in control of the ground squirrels. There was a strong correlation between overall bait consumption and the ground squirrels observed

Efficacy of a number of toxic baits and baiting against the voles, Microtus agrestis and Arvicola terrestris

The results from two series of control experiments against the voles, Microtus agrestis and Arvicola terrestris, are reported. In a series of field experiments in the 1970s, three acute toxicants (zinc phosphide, crimidine, and difluorpropanol) were tested against Microtus. Oifluorpropanol (Gliftor) was found to be the most effective, but no ready-made bait containing it was available. The performance of the crimidine bait (Kastrix) was good enough to fulfill the registration requirements, while the zinc phosphide bait (Myrax) failed to give acceptable results. In the second series (early 1980s) a brodifacoum bait (Klerat) was found to be as efficacious as the crimidine bait (Kastrix) against Microtus, and sufficiently effective against Arvicola, on which the crimidine bait does not work. The experiments with bromadiolone (Arvicolon) and flupropadine (M & B 36,892) against Microtus were discouraging; against Arvicola they were promising, though not yet conclusive. In future research, special attention should be paid not only to the screening of potential toxicants and bait formulations, but also to the study of the basic differences in the reactions of even closely related species to the baits and their active ingredients, as well as to the compensatory demographic responses of the target pest populations in cases of suboptimal performance of the bait in the field

Methods for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil environment - laboratory manual

Descriptions of methods and recommendation of laboratory procedures for the isolation of soil borne entomopathogenic fungi (specifically Beauveria spp. and M. anisopliae) are presented. For screening of occurrences of indigenous populations of entomopathogenic fungi the insect bait method is recommended. Further recommendations are: 1) Collect sufficient number of soil samples to cover the area of investigation; 2) if the bait method is used, apply sufficient individuals of bait insects to each sample to increase the likelihood of isolating the fungi present. Descriptions of isolation methods, statistical analyses of the data and preparation of media and bait insects are given

COASTAL ALABAMA RECREATIONAL LIVE BAIT STUDY

Recreational fishing is major industry and reasonably priced, high quality bait plays an important role in sustaining recreational fishing's popularity. This study provides a summary of Alabama's coastal live bait market including information on previous live bait studies and results of two surveys on the live bait shrimp, bull minnow and other bait markets. Results indicated there were periods of supply shortages, dealer willingness to pay more for shrimp that live longer and a dealers' use of multiple supply sources. Lost income was reported from not having live bait shrimp available for sale at peak demand periods. The economics of shrimp mariculture needs to be examined to determine its feasibility in augmenting the current supply of shrimp to the live bait industry.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Suicide attempts: epidemiological and clinical characteristics Descriptive study carried out from the EPH of Ouargla 2020-2021

محاولات الانتحار هي أحد الأسباب الرئيسية لدخول المستشفى في حالات الطوارئ الجراحية الطبية. يعتبر الغرض من عملنا هذا هو تحديد الخصائص الوبائية والسريرية للمرضى الذين تم إدخالهم إلى حالات الطوارئ الطبية الجراحية لمحاولة الانتحار. المنهج: تعتمد هذه الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي من خلال اخذ عينة متكونة من 44 حالة مرت على تجربة محاولة انتحار حيث تم إدخالها إلى قسم الطوارئ الطبية الجراحية في المستشفى العمومي محمد بوضياف ورقلة، خلال 12 شهرا. حيث كان التشخيص الرئيسي، للمرضى هو محاولة الانتحار العمدي عن طريق التسمم الطوعي أو الايذاء الذاتي العمدي. في هذه الدراسة، توصلنا ان الجنس الأنثوي أكثر تمثيلا (59٪) مع نسبة الجنس = 0.69. وان الفئة العمرية من 16 إلى 21 سنة هي الأكثر تمثيلا (32٪). في حين ان غالبية محاولي الانتحار لديهم مستوى تعليمي منخفض (المتوسط ب 43 ٪)، 77 ٪ من العاطلين عن العمل و61 ٪ من العزاب. ومن جهة أخرى غالبية محاولي الانتحار يقيمون في مناطق حضرية، كما ان 18٪ لديهم سوابق مرضية عضوية وان 27٪ لديهم سوابق مرضية نفسية. 45٪ من محاولي الانتحار لهم عادات سامة أي (32٪ يستهلكون التبغ، 23٪ المؤثرات العقلية). و68 ٪ من المرضى لديهم سوابق داخل بيئتهم لمحاولات الانتحار، ولاحظنا ان أكثر طرق الانتحار استخداما في هذه الدراسة هو ابتلاع المواد الكاوية بنسبة 30 ٪ تليها '32 ٪ التسمم بالأدوية. كما يمثل الاندفاع ومشاكل الزوجين من الأسباب الأكثر شيوعا في الانتحار بنسبة 28٪ لكل منهما. 59٪ من محاولات الانتحار المسجلة هي لأول مرة و41٪ لمرتين او أكثر. 64٪ من محاولي الانتحار ماتزال لديها أفكار انتحارية وأن 66٪ من المرضى ندموا على هذا الفعل الانتحاري. تعزز نتائج دراستنا أهمية البحث عن عوامل الخطر التنبؤية والمعجلة او الاستباقية للسلوك الانتحاري وهذا، من أجل السماح للوقاية والتشخيص المبكر والإدارة التكيفية لتحسين الأعراض وتجنب المضاعفات ومنع المخاطر إلى أقصى حد من المرور من فكرة محاولة الانتحار إلى الانتحار الفعلي.Suicide attempts are one of the main reasons for hospitalization in medical surgical emergencies. The purpose of our work was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients admitted to medical-surgical emergencies for attempted suicide. We report a descriptive study of 44 cases of attempted suicide admitted to the medico-surgical emergency department of the public hospital Mohamed BOUDIAF Ouargla, during 12 months. The main diagnosis, of the patients included, was a suicide attempt by voluntary intoxication or autolysis. In this study, the female sex was most represented (59%) with sex-ratio = 0, 69. The age group of 16 to 21 was the most represented (32%). The majority of suicides have a low level of instruction (average with a 43 %), 77 % are unemployed and 61 % of singles. The majority of suicidal resided in an urban area, 18% have particular organic affection and 27% have special psycho-psychiatric affection. 45% of suicides have special toxic habits (32% tobacco, 23% psychotropics). 68 % of patients have an exposure to other suicide in the entourage, the ingestion of the caustic was the most used autolysis means at 30 % followed by the '32% drug poisoning. The impulsiveness and the problems of the couple represent the causes of the most found act in 28 % of cases for each. 59% of suicides make TS for the first time and 41% are ≥ 2 times. 64% of suicides have persistent suicidal ideas and that 66% of patients regret their suicidal gesture. The results of our study only reinforce the importance of researching them predictive and precipitating risk factors for suicidal behavior and this, in order to allow prevention, early diagnosis and adaptive management to improve symptomatology, avoid complications and maximally prevent risk from the passage to the self-lytic act

Efficiency of traps in collecting selected Diptera families according to the used bait: Comparison of baits and mixtures in a field experiment

Traps made from PET bottles were used to assess the efficiency of four baits in terms of the number of individuals for selected Diptera families collecting in Eastern Slovak gardens in summer and autumn. Bait used in traps significantly affected the taxonomical composition of the samples obtained. Moreover, significant differences in bait efficiencies and temporal shift in bait efficiencies were confirmed for the Diptera order and for selected dipteran families. The most effective bait for baited-trap Diptera sampling was beer, followed by wine, meat, and syrup from the summer sampling season. In the autumn sampling season, the wine was most effective, followed by beer, syrup, and meat. For the family Scatopsidae wine, and for the family Platystomatidae, meat were the most effective baits. Drosophilidae were most attracted to beer in summer and to wine bait in autumn