Neutral air waves in the thermosphere

Neutral air waves in thermosphere - eigenvalues of characteristic wave

The thermospheric tides as an oscillator circuit system

Approximative derivation of diurnal tidal density wave in thermosphere as oscillatory circui

Note on the semi-annual effect in the thermosphere

The semi-annual variation in the thermospheric density is discussed in terms of the spatial and temporal variations in the solar heat input. Two heat sources are considered: the solar heat input associated with the semi-annual migration of the sun, and the auroral heat associated with the semi-annual component in magnetic storms. It is shown that the relatively large global component in the semi-annual effect of the total mass density can be explained by the lack of advective loss which otherwise damps the latitude dependent components in the annual and semi-annual variations, and the significant latitude dependence in the semi-annual variations of composition and temperature can be tied to the diffusion process which is induced by the thermospheric circulation

Theoretical model for the latitude dependence of the thermospheric annual and semiannual variations

A three-dimensional model for the annual and semiannual variations of the thermosphere is presented in which energy and diffusive mass transport associated with the global circulation are considered in a self-consistent form. It is shown that these processes play a major role in the thermosphere dynamics and account for a number of temperature and compositional phenomena

A numerical study of a three dimensional spherical thermospheric density and wind model

Numerical calculations of the generation and propagation of the two important fundamental symmetric tidal wave modes - the diurnal mode (1, 1, 1,) and the semidiurnal mode (2, 2, 2) - were performed applying a realistic model thermosphere and taking into account heat conduction and the temporally and spatially varying ion-neutral collision number. Both wave modes are predominantly generated by the solar EUV heat input. It is shown that the latitude structure of the (1, 1, 1)-mode which is identical with the Hough function(1, -1) within the lower non-dissipative atmosphere degenerates into the spherical function P sub 1, 1 at thermospheric heights. The pressure field of this mode constitutes the observed pressure bulge of the thermosphere, the diurnal component of which peaks at 15 h L. T. The electric polarization field of the geomagnetic Sq current generates a significant fraction of this wave mode at F layer heights. This wave component shifts the total horizontal wind system to earlier times by about 1 hour in agreement with ionospheric observations. The latitude structure of the (2, 2, 2) mode is identical with the Hough function (2, 2) within the lower non-dissipative atmosphere. It degenerates to the spherical function P sub 2, 2 at thermospheric heights

A model of the magnetospheric temperature distribution

Turbulent heat transfer and heat conductivity effects on magnetospheric temperature distributio

Theory of the phase anomaly in the thermosphere

The temperature-density phase anomaly is discussed on the basis of a quasi-three-dimensional model in which the thermosphere dynamics (including energy advection and diffusion associated with wind circulation) is considered in a self consistent form. Included in this analysis are the first three harmonics with nonlinear coupling between diurnal and semi-diurnal tides

Mourning the Soviet Union

Twenty years ago, on 23 August 1991, a grimlooking Boris Yeltsin shoved a sheet of paper in front of Mikhail Gorbachev with the words, “You read this now!” Gorbachev, who had just returned to Moscow after the abortive coup d’état led by KGB generals and hardliners in his own Party, appeared tense and insecure. In front of a stunned international TV audience (original footage here [at 01:25]), he did as he was told. Gorbachev’s decree was the first in a number of documents that led to the ban of the once mighty Communist Party of the Soviet Union

An Entrepreneurial Approach to Priestly Ministry in the Parish: Insights From a Research Study in the Diocese of Durham

Abstract The objective of this doctoral research study is to explore the experience of a sample of entrepreneurial priests in the Diocese of Durham with a view to producing appropriate and informed suggestions for future practice in relation to the exercise of entrepreneurship by parish priests in the Church of England. Building on my own experience of being a priest and an entrepreneur, an understanding of the entrepreneur set out by John Thompson and Bill Bolton (2004), and beginning with the social, cultural, theological and ecclesiological case constructed by the Mission-Shaped Church report (2004), and upon which its recommendation of identifying ‘mission entrepreneurs’ rests, this thesis argues that the concept of entrepreneurship offers the Church of England a helpful lens through which to view priestly ministry and an understanding of an approach to priestly ministry in the parish that is well-fitted for the current mission task in England. The thesis argues that an entrepreneurial approach to priestly ministry is consistent with Anglican self-understanding as set out in the Articles of Religion, the Book of Common Prayer and the Ordinal. It also argues that an entrepreneurial approach to priestly ministry is consistent both with the nature of the Trinitarian God and with human collaboration with God’s activity in the world. Research findings are based on thematic analysis of data generated through online testing and qualitative interviews with a sample of entrepreneurial priests in the Diocese of Durham. This thesis finds that entrepreneurial priests appear to adopt an entrepreneurial approach to parish-based ministry in spite of the institution of the Church of England rather than because of it. In addition, this thesis finds that when faced with challenges related to church buildings, entrepreneurial priests adopt an innovative approach that has the potential to generate social and spiritual capital. Further, this thesis finds that entrepreneurial priests instinctively work with others and that creating appropriate partnerships with outside agencies has the potential to generate significant social, cultural, spiritual and financial capital for the church and the wider community. The findings result in ten suggestions for future practice in relation to the exercise of entrepreneurship by parish priests in the Church of England