Wireless Network Security: Challenges, Threats and Solutions. A Critical Review

Abstract: Wireless security is the avoidance of unlawful access or impairment to computers using wireless networks. Securing wireless network has been a research in the past two decades without coming up with prior solution to which security method should be employed to prevent unlawful access of data. The aim of this study was to review some literatures on wireless security in the areas of attacks, threats, vulnerabilities and some solutions to deal with those problems. It was found that attackers (hackers) have different mechanisms to attack the networks through bypassing the security trap developed by organizations and they may use one weak pint to attack the whole network of an organization. However the author suggested using firewall in each wireless access point as the counter measure to protect data of the whole organization not to be attacked

A Review Paper on Scope of Big Data Analysis in Heath Informatics

Abstract— The term Health Informatics represent a huge volume of data that is collected from different source of health sector. Because of its’ diversity in nature, quite a big number of attributes, numerous amount data, health informatics can be considered as Big Data. Therefore, different techniques used for analyzing Big Data will also fit for Health Informatics. In recent years, implementation of Data Mining on Health Informatics brings a lot of fruitful outcomes that improve the overall healthcare system both in analyzing disease and improving healthcare services which eventually reduce expenses. This paper will define the term the health informatics with a detail discussion about different source of heath informatics. Finally, some case study will be illustrated as examples where data mining techniques are applied to produce more efficient, in depth outcomes in analyzing disease

Place et rôle du ministère diaconal dans l'Église des Assemblées de Dieu du Burkina Faso : apport et critique de l'Église primitive selon Actes 6, 1-7

"Le ministère du diacre occupe une place intégrante depuis les origines de l’Église des Assemblées de Dieu du Burkina Faso jusqu’à nos jours (1921-2017). Lorsque le missionnaire américain sillonnait les contrées pour l’annonce de l’Évangile, une fois qu’il enregistrait sur la place un solide noyau de chrétiens, il établissait un diacre à qui il donnait les prérogatives de pasteurs, car ceux-ci se faisaient rares. Nous pouvons affirmer qu’en plus de l’action du Saint-Esprit, la fondation de l’Église des Assemblées de Dieu du Burkina Faso repose sur la vie, les biens et les compétences de plusieurs de nos patriarches qui ont exercé le ministère de diacre. L’Église compte de nos jours plus de 4000 pasteurs, mais vit un conflit de leadership. La cause de ce conflit est la difficulté à reconnaître la place et le rôle du diacre. Le ministère du diacre étant reconnu ou du moins ayant des traces dans l’Église apostolique, il est une nécessité pour nous de réorienter nos réflexions sur la situation actuelle à la lumière des Écritures saintes. En d’autres termes, cette étude vise à comprendre la pratique de ce ministère dans l’Église des Assemblées de Dieu du Burkina Faso, et à apporter une explication théologique basée sur l’expérience de l’Église primitive en se référant à Ac 6,1- 7. Notre démarche se réclame d’une double méthode. La première, dénommée exégèse biblique, avec une approche historique et critique, a permis de comprendre la portée historique de notre corpus en lien avec la pratique du diaconat dans l’Église primitive. La deuxième méthode, dite empirique, a permis d’avoir une compréhension de ce ministère dans l’Église des Assemblées de Dieu du Burkina Faso. Pour cette deuxième méthode, les données recueillies sur le terrain ont permis d’évaluer la perception des acteurs plutôt que de se borner sur nos présuppositions. De ces résultats empiriques, on a pu établir une mise en dialogue qui a généré d’une part des points de consensus et d’autre part des points de divergences. La thèse se termine par la compilation des résultats de nos deux méthodes qui a servi pour faire une interprétation théologique et proposer des perspectives afin d’améliorer le ministère du diacre au profit des églises locales des Assemblées de Dieu du Burkina Faso du XXIe siècle. L’interprétation théologique de ces résultats a aussi contribué à diagnostiquer l’emprise de la culture traditionnelle du Burkina Faso dans le fonctionnement vital des églises. Cette étude qui a un fondement biblique présente le diaconat comme un ministère compréhensible, dynamique, et créatif.""The ministry of the deacon has occupied an integral place since the origins of the Church of the Assemblies of God of Burkina Faso until today (1921-2017). When the American missionary criss-crossed the land for the proclamation of the Gospel, once he registered a solid nucleus of Christians in the square, he established a deacon to whom he gave the prerogatives of pastors, for they were made rare. We can affirm that in addition to the Holy Spirit's work, the foundation of the Church of the Assemblies of God in Burkina Faso is based on the life, property and skills of many of our patriarchs who deacon. The Church today has more than 4,000 pastors, but lives a conflict of leadership. The cause of this conflict is the difficulty in recognizing the place and role of the deacon. The ministry of the deacon being recognized or at least having traces in the apostolic church, it is a necessity for us to reorient our reflections on the present situation in the light of the Holy Scriptures. In other words, this study aims to understand the practice of this ministry of the diaconate in the Church of the Assemblies of God, and to bring a theological explanation based on the experience of the early Church by referring to the Acts of the Apostles 6,1-7. Our approach calls for a double method. The first known as biblical exegesis served to understand the practice of diaconate in the early Church. The second so-called empirical method allowed us to have an understanding of this ministry in the Church of the Assemblies of God of Burkina Faso. For this second method, the data collected in the field allowed to evaluate the perception of the actors rather than to limit ourselves to our presuppositions. From these empirical results, we have been able to establish a dialogue, which has generated points of consensus on the one hand and points of divergence on the other. The thesis ends with the compilation of the results of our two methods which served to make a theological interpretation and propose perspectives in order to improve the ministry of the deacon in favor of the local churches of the Assemblies of God of Burkina Faso. The theological interpretation of these results has also made it possible to diagnose the hold of traditional Burkina culture in the functionally vital churches. This study, we dare to believe that it presents the ministry of the deacon in the most biblically understandable, dynamic and creative way.

Myocardial Diseases: Current Views on Etiopathogenesis, Diagnostic Modalities, and Therapeutic Options.

According to current European classification, cardiomyopathies are defined as myocardial disorders that cannot be explained by coronary artery disease or abnormal loading conditions including valvular and congenital diseases. Six specific morphological and functional phenotypes are distinguished: hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy together with two unclassified subtypes: Tako-tsubo and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathies. In almost all of these phenotypes, inherited forms may be found; moreover, in some of them—for example, in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—a genetic origin is even a rule. Therefore, genetic counseling shall be an integral part of the state-of-the-art care of patients with heart muscle disorders. The affected individuals together with their relatives have to be informed about the genetic basis of their disease and the potential risk for other family members. A detailed cardiac evaluation, including ECG and echocardiography (in some cases also Holter ECG monitoring), of first-degree relatives is necessary with their further regular follow-up. If available, genetic testing shall be discussed with the patients as it may improve their management as well as enable effective preventive genetic testing in other relatives

Relationship between location and size of myocardial infarction and their reciprocal influences on post-infarction left ventricular remodeling

AimsTo assess the intricate relationship between myocardial infarction (MI) location and size and their reciprocal influences on post-infarction left ventricular (LV) remodelling.Methods and resultsA cohort of 260 reperfused ST-segment elevation MI patients was prospectively studied with cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 1 week (baseline) and 4 months (follow-up). Area at risk (AAR) and MI size were quantified by T2-weighted and late-gadolinium enhancement imaging, respectively. Adverse LV remodelling was defined as an increase in LV end-systolic volume ≥15 at follow-up. One hundred and twenty-seven (49) patients had anterior MI and 133 (51) patients had non-anterior MI. Although the degree of myocardial salvage was similar between groups (P=0.74), anterior MI patients had larger AAR and MI size than non-anterior MI patients yielding worse regional and global LV function at baseline and follow-up. At univariable analysis, anterior MI was associated with increased risk of adverse LV remodelling (P=0.017) and lower LV ejection fraction (EF) at follow-up (P=0.001), but not when accounted for baseline MI size. Accordingly, at multivariable analysis, baseline MI size but not its location was an independent predictor of adverse LV remodelling (odds ratio 1.061, P < 0.001) and EF at follow-up (β-coefficient=-0.255, P < 0.001).ConclusionAnterior MI patients experience more pronounced post-infarction LV remodelling and dysfunction than non-anterior MI patients due to a greater magnitude of irreversible ischaemic LV damage without any independent contribution of MI location. © 2011 The Author

Myocardium at Risk in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Comparison of T2-Weighted Edema Imaging With the MR-Assessed Endocardial Surface Area and Validation Against Angiographic Scoring

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the area at risk (AAR) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with 2 different cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging methods and to compare them with the validated angiographic Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease Score (APPROACH-score) in a large consecutive patient cohort.BackgroundEdema imaging with T2-weighted CMR and the endocardial surface area (ESA) assessed by late gadolinium enhancement have been introduced as relatively new methods for AAR assessment in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. However, data on the utility and validation of these techniques are limited.MethodsA total of 197 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were included. AAR (assessed with T2-weighted edema imaging and the ESA method), infarct size, and myocardial salvage (AAR minus infarct size) were determined by CMR 2 to 4 days after primary angioplasty. Angiographic AAR scoring was performed by use of the APPROACH-score. All measurements were done offline by blinded observers.ResultsThe AAR assessed by T2-weighted imaging showed good correlation with the angiographic AAR (r = 0.87; p < 0.001), whereas the ESA showed only a moderate correlation either to T2-weighted imaging (r = 0.56; p < 0.001) or the APPROACH-score (r = 0.44; p < 0.001). Mean AAR by ESA (20.0 ± 11.7% of left ventricular mass) was significantly (p < 0.001) smaller than the AAR assessed by T2-weighted imaging (35.6 ± 10.9% of left ventricular mass) or the APPROACH-score (27.9 ± 10.5% of left ventricular mass) and showed a significant negative dependence on myocardial salvage index. In contrast, no dependence of T2-weighted edema imaging or the APPROACH-score on myocardial salvage index was seen.ConclusionsThe AAR can be reliably assessed by T2-weighted CMR, whereas assessment of the AAR by ESA seems to be dependent on the degree of myocardial salvage, thereby underestimating the AAR in patients with high myocardial salvage such as aborted infarction. Thus, assessment of the AAR with the ESA method cannot be recommended. (Myocardial Salvage and Contrast Dye Induced Nephropathy Reduction by N-Acetylcystein [LIPSIA-N-ACC]; NCT00463749

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in a pediatric population with isolated left ventricular non-compaction

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Isolated Left Ventricular Non-compaction (LVNC) is an uncommon disorder characterized by the presence of increased trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses. In adults, it has been found that Ejection Fraction (EF) decreases significantly as non-compaction severity increases. In children however, there are a few data describing the relation between anatomical characteristics of LVNC and ventricular function. We aimed to find correlations between morphological features and ventricular performance in children and young adolescents with LVNC using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>15 children with LVNC (10 males, mean age 9.7 y.o., range 0.6 - 17 y.o.), underwent a CMR scan. Different morphological measures such as the Compacted Myocardial Mass (CMM), Non-Compaction (NC) to the Compaction (C) distance ratio, Compacted Myocardial Area (CMA) and Non-Compacted Myocardial Area (NCMA), distribution of NC, and the assessment of ventricular wall motion abnormalities were performed to investigate correlations with ventricular performance. EF was considered normal over 53%.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The distribution of non-compaction in children was similar to published adult data with a predilection for apical, mid-inferior and mid-lateral segments. Five patients had systolic dysfunction with decreased EF. The number of affected segments was the strongest predictor of systolic dysfunction, all five patients had greater than 9 affected segments. Basal segments were less commonly affected but they were affected only in these five severe cases.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The segmental pattern of involvement of non-compaction in children is similar to that seen in adults. Systolic dysfunction in children is closely related to the number of affected segments.</p