Vibrational spectroscopic studies of hydrogen bonding interactions

A Study of hydrogen bonding interactions in the liquid phase. Infrared absorbance data were obtained in digital form for the v(_s)(OH) band of phenol when complexed by hydrogen bond formation to each of the bases acetonitrile and 1,4-dioxan, along with the v(_s) (OD) bands of their deuterated analogues, each in carbon tetrachloride solution. Similar data were obtained for the complex formed between phenol and acetonitrile when in chloroform-d solution. The vibrational phase relaxation of the vibrational modes as related to the model, published by Robertson and Yarwood, which characterises the relaxation. Similar data for the hydrogen-bonded complex formed between phenol and pyridine in carbon tetrachloride solution and for the decoupled v(_s) (OH) and v(_s) (OD) vibrational modes of water in isotopically-dilute solutions were also obtained. Far-infrared spectral data for the complex formed between phenol and each of the bases 1, 4-dioxan and pyridine were obtained and related to the mid-infrared data. Raman spectral data for the v(_1) vibrational mode of acetonitrile when in solution in the presence of methanol-d(_4) were also obtained and interpreted in terms of the theories of vibrational phase relaxation

History and Theology in the Writings of the Chronicler

It would seem as if the Greek title of the two books of Chronicles, Ta Paraleipomena (“The things omitted ) has left a certain legacy of doubt about the value of the work of the Chronicler. In liturgical use as well as in reconstructions of the history, particularly those of a more conservative kind, the tendency has often been for passages from 1 and 2 Chronicles to be inserted or utilized at what appear to be appropriate places when Samuel and Kings are being read or the history of that period is being surveyed, by way of supplementing the material covered in those books

THE REMOVAL AND REMOBILISATION OF HEAVY METALS DURING ESTUARINE MIXING

Elemental analyses have been made of dissolved, suspended particulate and sedimentary Cu, Mn, Zn following axial surveys of the Tamar Estuary. Continuous monitoring of the estuarine master variables was made during each survey. Selective digestion methods were applied to the particulate and sediment samples to determine the detrital and non-detrital fractions. These experiments showed that in general about 80-100% Mn, 60% Zn and 20% Cu were in the non-detrital form. Rank order correlation tests of the sediment results showed that the summer profiles were consistently different to 20 randomly generated profiles of the same data. In contrast the winter distribution showed a greater tendency to randomness which was related to the high energy resuspension processes dominant during that period. This temporal variation in sediment metal content has been interpreted in terms of a seasonal sediment accretion-erosion cycle observed in the estuary. The axial profiles of dissolved Zn and Mn often showed similar trends with a minimum concentration in the freshwater above the salt-wedge and a mid-estuarine maximum. A statistical analysis of the data using F-ratio tables, which also took into account variations in both salinity and'turbidity, showed that the relationship between Zn and Mn was in agreement with the hypothesis that the two elements are responsive to similar sorption processes in estuaries. Copper was rarely correlated with either Mn or Zn under the same reaction conditions, which suggested a different estuarine geochemistry. The dissolved, suspended particulate and sediment data for the three metals were then used to develop a two-box model of the Tamar Estuary. The seasonal transfer of Cu, Mn and Zn was then determined using the model. In general the overall mass transport followed the sequence Mn > Zn > Cu, with large transfers of material from the upper to lower estuary occurring in winter. The model was of use in predicting the fate of metals input from the mineralised catchment area feeding the Tamar Estuary.Institute for Marine Environmental Research, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devo

Unruly Subjects: Misbehaviour in the Workplace

First paragraph: There is little that more graphically indicates the normative character of much social science than its handling of misbehaviour. There is a great deal of evidence, particularly gathered from ethnographic research, indicating that misbehaviour at work is prevalent at all levels and amongst all types of employment (Fleming and Spicer, 2007). Research has revealed tendencies to misbehave – and especially for employees to innovate non-sanctioned ways of responding to work and of evading attempts to control what they do. Yet, at the same time, there are also tendencies amongst social scientists and others to overlook such behaviour or to minimize its importance