505 research outputs found
Precisie rechtgeleiding werktuig met RTK GPS : een onderzoek naar verschillende stuursystemen op basis van nauwkeurige GPS systemen
Porojectnummer 325003150
Kleine landschapselementen in de Schermer; resultaten van een proefinventarisatie (supplement bij Alterra-rapport 897)
Voor het opzetten van een Meetnet Kleine Landschapselementen is in 2003 een pilotstudie uitgevoerd. Dit rapport geeft de resultaten van de proefinventarisatie in de Schermer. In dit gebied is de proefinventarisatie in de winterperiode uitgevoerd. Er is extra aandacht besteed aan de erfbeplantingen
Pass it on? The neural responses to rejection in the context of a family study on maltreatment
Rejection by parents is an important aspect of child maltreatment. Altered neural responses to social rejection have been observed in maltreated individuals. The current study is the first to examine the impact of experienced and perpetrated abuse and neglect on neural responses to social exclusion by strangers versus family using a multigenerational family design, including 144 participants. The role of neural reactivity to social exclusion in the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment was also examined. Exclusion by strangers was especially associated with increased activation in the left insula, while exclusion by a family member was mainly associated with increased activation in the ACC. Neural reactivity to social exclusion by strangers in the insula, ACC and dmPFC, was associated with experienced maltreatment but not with perpetrated maltreatment. In abusive parents, altered neural reactivity during exclusion was found in other brain areas, indicating different neural correlates of experienced and perpetrated maltreatment. Hence, no mechanisms could be identified that are involved in the transmission of maltreatment. Hypersensitivity to social rejection by strangers in neglected individuals underscores the importance to distinguish between effects of abuse and neglect and suggests that the impact of experiencing rejection and maltreatment by your own parents extends beyond the family context.Development Psychopathology in context: famil
An intergenerational family study on the impact of experienced and perpetrated child maltreatment on neural face processing
Altered processing of emotional faces due to childhood maltreatment has repeatedly been reported, and may be a
key process underlying the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. The current study is the first to
examine the role of neural reactivity to emotional and neutral faces in the transmission of maltreatment, using a
multi-generational family design including 171 participants of 51 families of two generations with a large age
range (8ā69 years). The impact of experienced and perpetrated maltreatment (abuse and neglect) on face
processing was examined in association with activation in the amygdala, hippocampus, inferior frontal gyrus
(IFG) and insula in response to angry, fearful, happy and neutral faces. Results showed enhanced bilateral
amygdala activation in response to fearful faces in older neglected individuals, whereas reduced amygdala activation was found in response to these faces in younger neglected individuals. Furthermore, while experienced
abuse was associated with lower IFG activation in younger individuals, experience of neglect was associated with
higher IFG activation in this age group, pointing to potentially differential effects of abuse and neglect and
significant age effects. Perpetrated abusive and neglectful behavior were not related to neural activation in any
of these regions. Hence, no indications for a role of neural reactivity to emotional faces in the intergenerational
transmission of maltreatment were found.Stress and Psychopatholog
Estimation of expiratory time constants via fuzzy clustering
Objective. In mechanically ventilated patients the expiratorytime constant provides information about respiratory mechanics. In thepresent study a new method, fuzzy clustering, is proposed to determine expiratory time constants. Fuzzy clustering differs from other methods since it neither interferes with expiration nor presumes any functional relationship between the variables analysed. Furthermore, time constantbehaviour during expiration can be assessed, instead of an average timeconstant. The time constants obtained with fuzzy clustering are comparedto time constants conventionally calculated from the same expirations.
Methods. 20 mechanically ventilated patients, including 10 patients with COPD, were studied. The data of flow, volume and pressure were sampled. From these data, four local linear models were detected by fuzzy clustering. The
Parentsā experiences of childhood abuse and neglect are differentially associated with behavioral and autonomic responses to their offspring
Although childhood maltreatment has been shown to compromise adaptive parental
behavior, little is known what happens in terms of physiological regulation when parents with a history of childhood maltreatment interact with their offspring. Using a
sample of 229 parents (131 women), the present study examined whether childhood
maltreatment experiences are associated with parentsā behavioral and autonomic responses while resolving conflict with their offspring. Selfāreported experienced child
maltreatment was measured using a questionnaire assessing abuse and neglect.
Parents (Mage = 52.7 years, rangeage = 26.6ā88.4 years) and their offspring (Mage =
24.6 years, rangeage = 7.5ā65.6 years) participated in a videotaped parentāoffspring
conflict interaction task. Parental warmth, negativity, and emotional support were
coded. In addition, their preāejection period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were
measured as indicators of underlying sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system reactivity, respectively. Findings demonstrated that experiences of abuse and
neglect were associated with behavioral and physiological responses in different
ways. Separating these two types of maltreatment in research and in clinical practice
might be important
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