Pitanje postupanja sa digitalnim dokazima u srpskom zakonodavstvu

Nakon uvođenja novih koncepata, od strane zakonodavca, u oblasti visoktehnološkog kriminala i time kreiranja novog okruženja za postupanje policije u Srbiji, kroz stvaranje potpuno novih subjekata učesnika u postupku i komplementarnih ovlašćenja za iste, prvobitna euforija je splasnula. Postavila su se nova pitanja i pojavile su se nove prepreke u postupanju sa novim oblikom kriminala – visokotehnološkim kriminalom.U okvirima ovakvih koncepata mi se bavimo pitanjima policijskih ovlašćenja u vezi obrade mesta događaja i sprovođenja uviđaja, te izuzimanja digitalnih - elektronskih tragova sa takvog mesta i pretresanja računara. Ova oblast je definisana u srpskom zakonodavstvu na više različitih mesta u legislativi krivično – procesnog prava, šta više postoje podzakonski akti naročito u Ministarstvu unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije koji se bave određenim aspektima ove oblast ii to u većem obimu i zahvatu no bilo koji drugi pravni akt u zakonodavstvu RS. Ovo je veoma razumljivo iz razloga koji propuste u ovakvoj oblasti načinjene od strane policije mogu podići na mnogo viši nivo nego u bilo kojoj oblasti. U ovom članku autor je kritički orijentisan prema postojećim zakonskim konceptima i praktičnim problemima proizilazećim iz poznatih pitanja, dok pokušava da pruži određena rešenja i odgovori na određena sporna pitanja. On to čini kroz komparativnu analizu i naučno istraživanje analize sadržaja zakonodavčevih napora, praktičnih implikacija i implmentacija sa uobičajenim i poznatim problemima i pitanjima

MOS i kriminalističko profilisanje

The author has tried to connect a couple of institutes residing in different scientific systems. In studying ties between the modus operandi of the perpetuator of an actual crime and the system (Modus Operandi System) based on exploration thereof, as a special method for solving crimes, the author was pushed into revealing new institutes in the West European and American systems, concerning the field of forensics. Comparative studying of existing practical and theoretical models drives the author to find some similarities between those systems and to use some forms of combining their elements. In trying to focus on the novelties applicable in Serbian praxis, the author attempts to relate them to the behavioral analysis, operative investigative analyses and analyses of similarity among criminal offences, skillfully combining all these with prevailing theoretical models in Serbia. The author then tries to establish similarities between the elements of these institutes and MOS. The paper thus concisely outlines possible solutions and suggests combining with other similar institutes, such as criminal profiling. It is this field that offers broadest possibilities for processing data pertaining to similarities and for convergence with other systems.Autor pokušava da poveže nekoliko instituta u različitim naučnim sistemima. Pokušaji razmatranja relacija modus operandia izvršilaca i sistema zasnovanog na njima, kao posebne metode rasvetljavanja krivičnih dela i otkrivanja izvršilaca, navode na proučavanje novih instituta na zapadnoj hemisferi, u okvirima forenzike. Uporednim proučavanjem postojećih naučnih i praktičnih rešenja autor ustanovljava postojanje određenih sličnosti među različitim sistemima, ali i uviđa mogućnosti kombinovanja datih. Ukazujući na novine koje se mogu primeniti u praksi, autor unosi detalje koji postoje u analizi povezanosti, operativnoj istražnoj analizi ili komparativnoj analizi sličnosti krivičnih dela i vešto ih kombinuje sa aktuelnim teorijskim stavovima u Srbiji. Šta više, on vrši analizu sličnosti elemenata datih instituta sa MOS-om. Preglednim izlaganjem autor daje moguća rešenja i spekuliše o mogućoj daljoj povezanosti sa nekim sličnim institutima kao što je kriminalističko profilisanje. Upravo u ovoj oblasti se najviše primenjuju instituti koji se obrađuju u pogledu postojećih sličnosti (analiza sličnosti) sa aktuelnim sistemom u Srbiji, gde se mogu prepoznati zajednički prostori za konvergencije sa drugim sistemima

Uporedna kriminalističko-pravna analiza prakse traga otiska ušne školjke

The aim of this paper is to point out particular moments in comparative criminalistic and criminal law practice that could be improved, as well as critic of the existing state. The author presents the historical evolution of the use of earprint identification in criminalistic practice, and then gives an overview of possible cases of use of this trace of evidence in practice. It’s inevitable to present the comparative law overview and forensic achievements in some of the eminent law systems. Along with the above, the author seeks to provide comparative constructive views of critics of use of earprint identification in criminalistic practice. The author points out the existence of different techniques of finding, developing and fixing of this trace of evidence, as well as its conservation. The paper describes comparative cases and provides reviews of expertise techniques for the purpose of identification or elimination of the suspect. Of course, this overview wouldn’t be complete if the author didn’t consider physiological development of ear and its possible changes. On the end of the paper, the author considers possible tendencies of use of the earprint identification.Smisao ovog rada, po autoru, je ukazivanje na pojedine momente u uporednoj kriminalističkoj i krivičnopravnoj praksi koji mogu biti unapređeni, kao i kritika postojećeg stanja. Autor ukazuje na istorijski razvoj upotrebe traga ušne školjke nepoznatog izvršioca u kriminalističkoj praksi, a potom daje pregled mogućih slučajeva iskorišćavanja ovog traga u praksi. Neizbežno je ponuditi i uporedno-pravni pregled, kao i ukazivanje na dostignuća forenzičara u nekim od eminentnih pravnih sistema, a, uz opisano, autor pokušava da da uporedno konstruktivno stanovište kritičara korišćenja traga ušne školjke u kriminalističkoj praksi, naročito u smislu identifikacije. Ukazuje se i na postojanje različitih tehnika pronalaženja, izazivanja i fiksiranja ovog traga, kao i njegovog konzerviranja. Daju se i uporedni slučajevi i prikazi tehnika veštačenja ovih tragova u cilju identifikacije ali i eliminacije (u smislu orijentaciono–eliminacione indicije) mogućih osumnjičenih lica. Naravno, ovakav pregled ne bi bio potpun ukoliko se autor ne bi osvrnuo i na moguće uticaje fiziološkog razvoja ušne školjke i posebno, podložnosti promenama iste. Na kraju su razmatrane, kao bitne, i neke moguće tendencije primene

Legalization of criminal profit in the course of agricultural privatization : a view from the Republic of Serbia

This scientific paper presents the knowledge and experiences related to the legalization of criminal profit with a view to agricultural ownership transformation in the Republic of Serbia. We define the concept, the standards aimed against money laundering and the real threats which create the possibility for this criminal offence in Serbia. The practical goal of the research is concerned with gaining further knowledge of the research topic, which would contribute to solving the current but also similar problems related to money laundering. In all countries transition privatization is a complex and painful process, and this refers to the agricultural sector particularly. This process is one of the fundamental factors of a market economy which must prevent legalization of contaminated money through legal flows. Parallel to this, organized crime expands the field of money laundering activities in the process of agricultural privatization. Starting from a previously defined problem the hypothesis this paper is based on is as follows: the risks of money laundering and new techniques for its integration are not possible to eliminate, but it is necessary to make efforts and undertake adequate measures to minimize them, particularly in the field of agriculture. The problem has become additionally complex due to the fact that at the beginning of 2016 the Privatization Agency ceased its operation according to the Law on Amendments to the Law on Privatization. The paper uses both general and specific scientific methods and procedures of logical conclusion, statistical, as well as positivist legal method. The manner of research includes the selection and application of scientific methods, the tion of data and the scope of research. The specific technique used to collect data in this paper includes case studies

Phishing schemes - typology and analysis in Serbian cyber space

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe various factors for understanding criminal behaviour involved in phishing and to provide advice in the areas of security, criminal procedure, and victimology. Design/methodology/approach: The project combined several qualitative and quantitative techniques such as interviews and surveys, as well as content analysis. Findings: Several categories of subjects were identified: those who are aware of some scientific achievements in this field and who feel increasingly apprehensive about the disclosure of private information; those who are not prepared to readily incorporate scientific progress in similar fields; the third category includes staff members who do not embrace all new measures in the fight against this type of cybercrime. The participants could also be categorized on the basis of their inclination to recognize new forms and types of phishing: some are aware of new forms and can recognize them as soon as they emerge locally; others cannot do so. Research limitations/implications: To allow findings to be generalized, future research should include measures that could specify additional means to be used by members of a wider representative group, such as tools, materials, educational and course modules, implemented during training. Practical implications: This research represents a useful source of information for method implication in combating phishing schemes, and for detecting new emerging forms and types of cybercrime promptly, as well as new social engineering methods to facilitate it. Originality/value: This paper should be of particular interest to forensic specialists, in the analysis of crime scene behaviour and of methods phishers use in luring their victims

Javni video nadzor: zapleteno vprašanje za srbske zakonodajalce

Purpose: This paper examines the status of and practical problems in the use of public video surveillance for police and criminal procedural purposes. Design/Methods/Approach: The approach in this research paper entailed a comparative legal analysis of the Serbian system with regard to public video surveillance and the use of recorded material as evidence in different procedures. Our research also examined reactions to the use of such material by various government agencies, such as the Ombudsman, the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection, as well as the procedures and activities of the police department when dealing with criminal investigations. This paper examines this issue from the perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, and their implementation in Serbia. Findings: The results provide different perspectives on changes made in Serbian law. They also guided us in the interpretation of strategically important decisions and led us to construe methods and procedures for implementing different solutions and approaches in surveillance. Research Limitations / Implications: Although the findings of this paper are strictly connected with the Serbian legal system, their implications and proposed solutions are universal in their possible application. Originality/Value: While in Serbia there have already been studies covering public video surveillance, evolutionary changes in certain crucial laws have lagged behind. This paper critically deals with such strategic imperfections.Namen prispevka: Prispevek obravnava stanje in praktične težave pri uporabi javnega videonadzora za policijske in kazensko procesne namene. Metode: Temeljni pristop v prispevku je izvedba primerjalno-pravne analize srbskega sistema javnega video nadzora in uporabe posnetega materiala kot dokaza v različnih postopkih. V raziskavi smo preučili tudi reakcije glede uporabe posnetega materiala s strani različnih državnih organov, kot sta varuh človekovih pravic in komisar za informiranje javnega pomena in varstvo osebnih podatkov. Prikazani so tudi postopki in dejavnosti policije, ki se ukvarja s preiskavo kaznivega dejanja. Problematika je obravnavana tudi z vidika Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah (EKČP), sodne prakse Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice in njihovo izvajanje v Srbiji. Ugotovitve: Rezultati predstavljajo različne perspektive uvajanja sprememb v srbsko zakonodajo. Vodijo tudi k razlagi strateško pomembnih odločitev in predstavljajo različne rešitve in pristope za izvajanje nadzora. Praktična uporabnost: Vsebina prispevka je tesno povezana s srbskim pravnim sistemom. Obenem pa so ugotovitve in predlagane rešitve splošne in uporabne tudi v drugih državah. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Čeprav so v Srbiji že bile študije, ki zajemajo javni videonadzor, pa so razvojne spremembe v nekaterih ključnih zakonih zaostajale. Prispevek te strateške pomanjkljivosti kritično obravnava

Uticaj globalnih strateških međunarodnih odnosa na trendove organizovanih kriminalnih aktivnosti

Being marked either by dominating superpower or by forced balance of dichotomous block division, periods of modern history are for sure the result of various and very complex international political and economic relations. Replacing of these periods had been defining last six decades and has been stipulating specific complexity in actual states' interaction. According to the authors, changes of the global relations' flows have affected on rhythm of the organized criminal activities' trends having in mind possible causality of the ratio between essentially strategic nature of politically economic issues and tactically operational core of illegal matters, worldwide. As examples of illicit actions regarding their intensity, numerous forms, institutional adaptability and high degree of caused social danger, in the article are going to be analyzed terrorism, illicit drug trafficking, money laundering, trafficking in human organs and illegal migration, as well as governmental and nongovernmental responses presented through projects of international organizations of INTERPOL and World Justice.Periodi savremene istorije, obeleženi primatom jedne svetske supersile odnosno iznuđenom ravnotežom dihotomne blokovske podele, svakako su ishod mnogostrukih i veoma kompleksnih međunarodnih, kako političkih, tako i ekonomskih odnosa. Smenjivost ovih perioda označila je poslednjih šest decenija i uslovila specifičnu složenost u interakciji današnjih država. Autori smatraju da su tokovi globalnih odnosa u svetu svojim promenama uticali na ritam trendova organizovanih kriminalnih aktivnosti, imajući u vidu moguću uzročnost odnosa suštinski strateške prirode svetskih političko-ekonomskih relacija i taktičko-operativne svrhovitosti ilegalnih radnji. Kao primeri takvih nedozvoljenih aktivnosti, zbog svog intenziteta, brojnih pojavnih oblika, institucionalne prilagodljivosti i visokog stepena društvene opasnosti koju predstavljaju, u ovom članku biće analizirani terorizam, krijumčarenje opojne droge, pranje novca, trgovina ljudskim organima i ilegalna migracija, baš kao i resorni odnosno nevladini odgovori oličeni u projektima međunarodnih organizacija INTERPOL i World Justice

Analiza pravne regulative nadzora nad komunikacijama i praksa Evropskog suda za ljudska prava

Communication surveillance is a relatively new measure in the Serbian legal system and with the development of new technologies applicable to various types of communication, new problems are emerging very fast. Of course this is not the case exclusively in Serbia, but much further. Similar problems emerge in the EU, and Serbia as a signatory of the European Convention on Human Rights, has to oblige with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (ECHR). Standards made in this area in the laws of the EU countries are derived from the rules made by case law of ECHR. Regardless of the depicted trends and occurrences in this sphere, Serbian legislation has not been lately following the lead of European legislators. Authors are analyzing facts and circumstances in connection to legal defining and proscribing of the measure of communication surveillance, giving a parallel comparative legal analysis of ECHR and Luxemburg Court of EU. The analysis also includes considerations regarding some articles from the draft Act on Criminal Procedure in Serbia pertaining to communication surveillance. The purpose of the analysis is to suggest certain regulations de lege ferenda in Serbia.Mera nadzora nad komunikacijama je relativno nova u našem zakonodavstvu, ali pojavom novih tehnologija primenljivih na najrazličitije oblike komunikacija javljaju se mnogobrojni problemi. Naravno, ovo nije slučaj samo u Srbiji, već mnogo šire. Slična problematika javlja se i u Evropskoj uniji, a mi se kao potpisnica evropske Konvencije o ljudskim pravima (EKLjP) moramo rukovoditi i praksom Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u Strazburu (ESLjP). Standardi koji se u evropskim zemljama postavljaju u ovoj oblasti u svojoj osnovi sadrže pravila ustanovljena upravo u praksi ovog suda. Bez obzira na sve trendove i događaje u ovoj oblasti naš zakonodavac, u poslednje vreme, nije u potpunosti na nivou evropskih. Autori analiziraju činjenice i okolnosti vezane za zakonsko regulisanje mere nadzora i snimanja telefonskih i drugih oblika komunikacija, uz uporedno pravnu analizu prakse ESLjP, ali i suda EU u Luksemburgu. U ovu analizu unosi se i razmatranje predloga nacrta novog Zakonika o krivičnom postupku (ZKP). Autori analizom i prikazom uporedno pravne prakse pokušavaju i da daju predloge de lege ferenda u Srbiji

Uticaj globalnih strateških međunarodnih odnosa na trendove organizovanih kriminalnih aktivnosti

Being marked either by dominating superpower or by forced balance of dichotomous block division, periods of modern history are for sure the result of various and very complex international political and economic relations. Replacing of these periods had been defining last six decades and has been stipulating specific complexity in actual states' interaction. According to the authors, changes of the global relations' flows have affected on rhythm of the organized criminal activities' trends having in mind possible causality of the ratio between essentially strategic nature of politically economic issues and tactically operational core of illegal matters, worldwide. As examples of illicit actions regarding their intensity, numerous forms, institutional adaptability and high degree of caused social danger, in the article are going to be analyzed terrorism, illicit drug trafficking, money laundering, trafficking in human organs and illegal migration, as well as governmental and nongovernmental responses presented through projects of international organizations of INTERPOL and World Justice.Periodi savremene istorije, obeleženi primatom jedne svetske supersile odnosno iznuđenom ravnotežom dihotomne blokovske podele, svakako su ishod mnogostrukih i veoma kompleksnih međunarodnih, kako političkih, tako i ekonomskih odnosa. Smenjivost ovih perioda označila je poslednjih šest decenija i uslovila specifičnu složenost u interakciji današnjih država. Autori smatraju da su tokovi globalnih odnosa u svetu svojim promenama uticali na ritam trendova organizovanih kriminalnih aktivnosti, imajući u vidu moguću uzročnost odnosa suštinski strateške prirode svetskih političko-ekonomskih relacija i taktičko-operativne svrhovitosti ilegalnih radnji. Kao primeri takvih nedozvoljenih aktivnosti, zbog svog intenziteta, brojnih pojavnih oblika, institucionalne prilagodljivosti i visokog stepena društvene opasnosti koju predstavljaju, u ovom članku biće analizirani terorizam, krijumčarenje opojne droge, pranje novca, trgovina ljudskim organima i ilegalna migracija, baš kao i resorni odnosno nevladini odgovori oličeni u projektima međunarodnih organizacija INTERPOL i World Justice

Principi međunarodnih relacija u postupanju sa međunarodnim potražnim aktima INTERPOL-a

Under the contemporary conditions, in developing police and criminalistic techniques and actions traditional forms of international criminal police co-operation should take new forms. During the development of criminal police co-operation, its forms went through different shapes and modalities in taking their today's looks and status. Various forms and modalities of co-operation in the past made the authors deal with INTERPOL notices (warrants), diffusions and European arrest warrants. In the light of legal grounds for certain police actions explaining these acts the authors make attempts to illuminate their scope and influence on movement of freedom and its restrictions. Also, they elaborate the principles of modernity and bona fide in police actions and actions of other government entities in facilitating the international police and judicial co-operation.U savremenim uslovima razvoja policije i kriminalističkih metoda i tehnika, tradicionalni oblici međunarodne saradnje kriminalističke policije moraju dobiti nove forme. Tokom razvoja oblika međunarodne saradnje kriminalističke policije, njihove forme su se razvijale kroz različite oblike i vrste da bi ostvarile današnji izgled i status. Različitost oblika i modaliteta ove saradnje u prošlosti odredila je autorima za predmet sledeće: Interpolova obaveštenja (poternice), difuzije (raspise o traganju) i Evropski nalog za lišenje slobode. Tokom objašnjavanja ovih akata, u svetlu pravnih osnova za preduzimanje određenih policijske aktivnosti, autori pokušavaju da rasvetle njihov obim i uticaj na slobodu kretanja, i ograničenja iste. Takođe pokušavaju prikazati svoje mišljenje o principima suvereniteta i bona fide u policijskim aktivnostima kao i aktivnostima drugih vladinih subjekata u omogućavanju međunarodne policijske i sudske saradnje