Explaining International Variance in Foreign Bribery Prosecution: A Comparative Case Study

Ion plating is essentially vapor deposition onto a substrate which is the cathode of a glow discharge. The most important characteristic of the technique is that the growing film is subjected to a flux of high energy particles (neutrals and ions). In this study we report information about the effect of ion plating parameters on grain diameter and crystallite size distribution. At a constant potential grain size remains constant with the increase of ion density. On the other hand, at a constant ion density the grain size decreases with the substrate potential increment. Ion bombardment also has an effect on the crystallite size distribution. The ion plated films show a higher degree of uniformity in grain size than vacuum evaporated films. In contrast with vacuum evaporated films, where the grain size is proportional to the thickness, no variation of grain size with film thickness has been observed for the ion‐plated films. Electron diffraction patterns have shown that the orientation remains near random over the entire J and V range studied

Race, Marriage, Markets, Choice, and Some Reflections on is Marriage for White People?

Ni thin films of 1800 Å thick were deposited by ion-plating and designed by photolithography to be used as temperature sensors. The resistive paths were finished with contact Cu welding terminals. After being coated with a protective layer of SiOx, they were subjected to heat stabilization treatments. Small, stable and accurate sensors were obtained.Se depositaron trayectos de película delgada de Ni de 1800 Á de espesor diseñados por fotolitografía para ser usados como sensores de temperatura. Los trayectos resistivos fueron provistos de contactos de Cu para soldar terminales. Después de ser recubiertos con una capa de OSi como protección, fueron sometidos a un tratamiento térmico de estabilización. Se obtuvieron sensores pequeños, estables y precisos

Truth and Reconciliation Commissions: A Needed Force in Alaska?

Truth and Reconciliation Commissions are official, temporary bodies used for communities to come to terms with past violence, promote education and awareness of historic trauma, and to provide recognition and closure for victims and successors. By bringing past issues to light, such commissions promote healing and allow these communities to move forward. Although the Commission on Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa after the Apartheid-era is best known, several similar commissions have been established throughout the globe and within the United States. This paper compares commissions from South Africa, El Salvador, South Korea, and Canada with those that have been established in the United States to examine whether such a commission would be useful in Alaska to address current social problems in the state

Journal Staff

Electrical properties and strain gauge factor of Cr/SiOx cermet films with compositions 50/50 and 70/30 wt% were investigated in order to evaluate their use in strain gauge devices. The films were deposited by flash evaporation. The microstructures and resulting phases were characterized by electron diffraction and electron microscopy. The influence of the thickness and deposition rate on the sheet resistance, the temperature coefficient of resistance and the gauge factor were investigated. The results are consistent with a mixed conduction mechanism with metallic and a thermally activated tunneling components, between interconnected and discrete conductive phases, respectively.Se investigaron las propiedades eléctricas y el factor extensométrico de películas del cermet- Cr/SiOx en composiciones 50/50 y 70/30 % en peso, para evaluar su uso en dispositivos "strain gauge". Las películas fueron depositadas por evaporación "flash". Las estructuras y fases resultantes fueron caracterizadas por microscopía y difracción de electrones. Se estudió la influencia del espesor y la velocidad del depósito sobre la resistencia laminar, el coeficiente térmico de resistencia y el factor extensométrico. Los resultados son consistentes con un mecanismo de conducción mixto, con una componente metálica y otra por efecto túnel térmicamente activado, entre fases conductoras interconectadas y discretas, respectivamente

Choline Kinase: An Unexpected Journey for a Precision Medicine Strategy in Human Diseases

This research was funded by CSIC, grant number PIE202020E041; and in part by the NIFA through the Agricultural Research Program at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (Evans-Allen Program, project number NC.X-291-5-15-170-1).Choline kinase (ChoK) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphorylcholine (PCho) in the presence of ATP and magnesium. ChoK is required for the synthesis of key membrane phospholipids and is involved in malignant transformation in a large variety of human tumours. Active compounds against ChoK have been identified and proposed as antitumor agents. The ChoK inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of symmetrical bispyridinium and bisquinolinium compounds have been defined using quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) and structural parameters. The design strategy followed in the development of the most active molecules is presented. The selective anticancer activity of these structures is also described. One promising anticancer compound has even entered clinical trials. Recently, ChoKα inhibitors have also been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach against parasites, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory processes, and pathogenic bacteria. The evidence for ChoKα as a novel drug target for approaches in precision medicine is discussed.CSIC, grant number PIE202020E041NIFA through the Agricultural Research Program at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (Evans-Allen Program, project number NC.X-291-5-15-170-1

Fabrication of W-band TWT for 5G small cells backhaul

The W-band (92 - 95 GHz) Traveling Wave Tube enabling the first Point to multipoint millimeter wave backhaul wireless network is in final phase of fabrication. The challenge is to build a TWT suitable for large volume fabrication to satisfy the cost constraints of network operators. Performances are targeted to provide coverage on sectors up to 90° with 1 km range. Simulations demonstrate a bandwidth of operation in excess of 5 GHz with a saturated output power of 40 W. The TWT is directly connected to a sector horn antenna

Fabrication of W-band TWT for 5G small cells backhaul

The W-band (92 - 95 GHz) Traveling Wave Tube enabling the first Point to multipoint millimeter wave backhaul wireless network is in final phase of fabrication. The challenge is to build a TWT suitable for large volume fabrication to satisfy the cost constraints of network operators. Performances are targeted to provide coverage on sectors up to 90° with 1 km range. Simulations demonstrate a bandwidth of operation in excess of 5 GHz with a saturated output power of 40 W. The TWT is directly connected to a sector horn antenna

Millimeter wave wireless system based on point to multipoint transmissions

The continuously growing traffic demand has motivated the exploration of underutilized millimeter wave frequency spectrum for future mobile broadband communication networks. Research activities focus mainly on the use of the V-band (59 - 64 GHz) and E-band (71 - 76 & 81 - 84 GHz) to offer multi-gigabit point to point transmissions. This paper describes an innovative W-band (92-95 GHz) point to multipoint wireless network for high capacity access and backhaul applications. Point to multipoint wireless networks suffer from limited RF power available. The proposed network is based on a high power, wide band traveling wave tube of new generation and an affordable high performance transceiver. These new devices enable a new transmission paradigm and overcome the relevant technological challenges imposed by the high atmosphere attenuation and the presently lack of power amplification required to provide adequate coverage at millimeter waves

Physician Perspectives on Medical Care Delivery in Assisted Living

OBJECTIVES—To describe the provision of medical care in assisted living (AL) as provided by physicians who are especially active in providing care to older adults and AL residents; to identify characteristics associated with physician confidence in AL staff; and to ask physicians a variety of questions about their experience providing care to AL residents and how it compares with providing care in the nursing home and home care settings. DESIGN—Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING—AL communities in 27 states. PARTICIPANTS—One hundred sixty-five physicians and administrators of 125 AL settings in which they had patients. MEASUREMENTS—Interviews and questionnaires containing open- and close-ended questions regarding demographics, care arrangements, attitudes, and behaviors in managing medical problems. RESULTS—Most respondents were certified in internal medicine (46%) or family medicine (47%); 32% were certified in geriatrics and 30% in medical directorship. In this select sample, 48% visited the AL setting once a year or less, and 19% visited once a week or more. Mean physician confidence in AL staff was 3.3 (somewhat confident), with greater confidence associated with smaller AL community size, nursing presence, and the physician being the medical director. Qualitative analyses identified differences between settings including lack of vital sign assessment in the home setting, concern about the ability of AL staff to assess and monitor problems, and greater administrative and regulatory requirements in AL than in the other settings. CONCLUSION—Providing medical care for AL residents presents unique challenges and opportunities for physicians. Nursing presence and physician oversight and familiarity and communicating with AL staff who are highly familiar with a given resident and can monitor care may facilitate care