Variable Clinical Presentations of Riedel's Thyroiditis: Report of Two Cases

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland and has been reported in 0.05% of thyroid surgeries. Herein we report two cases of Riedel's thyroiditis with variable clinical presentations. One of these cases was a 51-year-old man who was presented with hypothyroidism and the other a 17-year-old young male with thyrotoxicosis. In these cases, age may be a determining factor in presenting symptoms and signs, disease process, and response to treatment

Effect of the Islamic Self-care Nutrition Method on the Lipid Profile of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes. The principle of diabetes prevention and control is based on patient self-care and education. The Islamic self-care nutrition method is a common and successful way to modify behavior in Islamic ethics and mysticism. AIM: The study aimed to determine the effect of the Islamic self-care nutrition method on the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present clinical trial was conducted in 2014 on 98 middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Center of the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, who were randomly allocated into two groups of experimental and control. Lipid indices were measured before intervention, and the same education about diabetic healthy diet was provided in both groups. In addition, in the experimental group, Islamic teachings and the Islamic self-care method of nutrition were taught with the intention of pleasing God. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22 software using independent and paired t-test, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS: After adjusting for the effect of confounding variables with ANCOVA, significant improvement was observed in triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein indices in the experimental group after intervention compared to the control group. Two-proportion z-test results showed a significant increase in the use of lipid-lowering drugs in the control group compared with the experimental group after intervention. CONCLUSION: The Islamic self-care nutrition method could be used to control chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes affected by behavioral factors

Relationship between Serum Osteocalcin Level and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND: Osteocalcin (OC) is the most common noncollagenous protein in bone matrix, which is synthesized only in bone tissue and by osteoblasts. The potential role of osteocalcin on glucose and fat metabolism has been previously reported. The aim of this study was to compare the serum OC level in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).METHODS: In the present case-control study, all pregnant women who were referred to a obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Sari, Iran, and met the inclusion criteria underwent an overall screening with a 75-g glucose tolerance test (GTT) at week 24 to 28 of gestation. The study was conducted between September 2018 and February 2019. Based on criteria, the pregnant women with confirmed GDM were matched with pregnant women without GDM in terms of baseline characteristics such as chronological age and BMI. The serum OC levels were also measured if vitamin D and calcium levels were normal. All data were analyzed using SPSS 21.RESULTS: The two groups with and without GDM had no significant difference in terms of age, BMI and OC level. There was no significant correlation between age and BMI with OC level in healthy pregnant women, respectively (P=0.49 and P=0.58). The correlation between BMI and age with OC level in GTT-positive pregnant women was 0.05 and -0.172, respectively, which was not significant (P=0.77 and P=0.36).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, there is no significant difference of serum OC levels in pregnant women with GDM compared to healthy pregnancy. Given that the levels of serum insulin or insulin resistance have not been assessed, these indices are recommended to be evaluated in future studies.&nbsp

Vitamin D deficiency prevalence in summer compared to winter in a city with high humidity and a sultry climate

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is high in winter because of reduced exposure to sunlight. It seems that in places with high humidity and a sultry climate, exposure to sunlight in summer can be low too. This study was designed to determine the vitamin D deficiency prevalence in Sari, a city with a high humidity climate at the end of summer, and compare it to winter. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on men and women aged 10 to 70. Clustered blood samples were received from 351 subjects who participated in this study toward the end of summer, and in winter. The levels of serum vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and PTH were measured. T test and X2 were used for data analysis. Results: 351subjects (66.4% women, 33.6% men) aged 11 to 69 (mean age &#177; SD 37.11 &#177; 12.6) participated in the study. The mean 25-(OH) D concentration in summer was 13.41 &#177; 13, and in winter it was 11.7 &#177; 11, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.02). The prevalence of 25-OHvitamin D deficiency was 87.5% (307) in winter and 78.6% (276) in summer (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that although in this area with a high humidity climate, seasonal variation of vitamin D is statistically significant, the prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency is as high in summer as in winter. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (3): 249&#8211;251)Background: Vitamin D deficiency is high in winter because of reduced exposure to sunlight. It seems that in places with high humidity and a sultry climate, exposure to sunlight in summer can be low too. This study was designed to determine the vitamin D deficiency prevalence in Sari, a city with a high humidity climate at the end of summer, and compare it to winter. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on men and women aged 10 to 70. Clustered blood samples were received from 351 subjects who participated in this study toward the end of summer, and in winter. The levels of serum vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and PTH were measured. T test and X2 were used for data analysis. Results: 351subjects (66.4% women, 33.6% men) aged 11 to 69 (mean age &#177; SD 37.11 &#177; 12.6) participated in the study. The mean 25-(OH) D concentration in summer was 13.41 &#177; 13, and in winter it was 11.7 &#177; 11, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.02). The prevalence of 25-OHvitamin D deficiency was 87.5% (307) in winter and 78.6% (276) in summer (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that although in this area with a high humidity climate, seasonal variation of vitamin D is statistically significant, the prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency is as high in summer as in winter. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (3): 249&#8211;251

Pretransplant HLA typing revealed loss of heterozygosity in the major histocompatibility complex in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia

Introduction Chromosomal abnormalities are frequent events in hematological malignancies. The degree of HLA compatibility between donor and recipient in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is critical. Purpose of the study In this report, we describe an acute myeloid leukemia case with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) encompassing the entire HLA. Materials and methods HLA molecular typing was performed on peripheral blood (PB) and buccal swabs (BS). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was performed using a whole genome platform. Results Typing results on PB sample collected during blast crisis demonstrated homozygosity at the -A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ loci. A BS sample demonstrated heterozygosity at all loci. A subsequent PB sample drawn after count recovery confirmed heterozygosity. The CMA performed on PB samples collected during and after blast crisis revealed a large terminal region of copy-neutral LOH involving chromosome region 6p25.3p21.31, spanning approximately 35.9 Mb. The results of the CMA assay on sample collected after count recovery did not demonstrate LOH. Conclusions LOH at the HLA gene locus may significantly influence the donor search resulting in mistakenly choosing homozygous donors. We recommend confirming the HLA typing of recipients with hematological malignancies when homozygosity is detected at any locus by using BS samples, or alternatively from PB when remission is achieved

Comparison of Salivary Cortisol Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Pre-Diabetics with Healthy People

BACKGROUND: Cortisol is one of the important enzymes of saliva. Control of this hormone is an effective way to adjust the glucose level in diabetic patients. AIM: The aim of this research is to compare the salivary cortisol level in type 2 diabetic patients and pre-diabetics with healthy people. METHODS: In this case-control study (2018), the unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 44 patients with type 2 diabetes, 44 pre-diabetic people (case group), and 44 healthy subjects (control group), matched for age and gender. The samples were transferred to the laboratory, and salivary cortisol level was measured using ELISA. Data were analysed using SPSS 22 and Chi 2 tests. RESULTS: The mean salivary cortisol level in type 2 diabetic patients was 3.14 ± 1.17, in pre-diabetic cases was 1.83 ± 0.68, and in healthy controls was 0.86 ± 0.43 (P &lt; 0.001). The mean DMFT in type 2 diabetic patients was 19.6 ± 6.5, in the pre-diabetic group was 13.43 ± 4.5, and in healthy controls was 9.38 ± 3.72 (P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: With regards to the results, salivary cortisol level in type 2 diabetic patients is more than pre-diabetic people, and in pre-diabetic people is more than healthy people. Also, there was a significant relation between salivary cortisol level and DMFT index

Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health among Iranian adult population: results from the PERSIAN cohort study

Background Socioeconomic inequality in mental health in Iran is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health among Iranian adults. Methods The study used the baseline data of PERSIAN cohort study including 131,813 participants from 17 geographically distinct areas of Iran. The Erreygers Concentration index (E) was used to quantify the socioeconomic inequalities in poor mental health. Moreover, we decomposed the E to identify factors contributing to the observed socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health in Iran. Results The estimated E for poor mental health was - 0.012 (95% CI: - 0.0144, - 0.0089), indicating slightly higher concentration of mental health problem among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults in Iran. Socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health was mainly explained by gender (19.93%) and age (12.70%). Region, SES itself, and physical activity were other important factors that contributed to the concentration of poor mental health among adults with low socioeconomic status. Conclusion There exists nearly equitable distribution in poor mental health among Iranian adults, but with important variations by gender, SES, and geography. These results suggested that interventional programs in Iran should focus on should focus more on socioeconomically disadvantaged people as a whole, with particular attention to the needs of women and those living in more socially disadvantaged regions. Keywords:Mental health; Socioeconomic inequality; Concentration index; Decompositio

Risk Factors of Narcotic and Psychoactive Drugs Use among University and High School Student

Aim: Today use of different banned substances such as narcotic, psychoactive and energetic drugs are social problem that has created worry in different levels of human societies. The aim of present study was examined the prevalence of use of narcotic and psychoactive drugs among high school and university students also identifying of risk factors associated with the use of this materials. Method: The population of this descriptive survey study was all students of high school and university of Khodabandeh city. By cluster random sampling 580 students of high school and university selected and questionnaires distributed among them. After eliminating incomplete questionnaires 480 students remained as research sample. Results: In consideration of selected sample the most important reasons of using of narcotics are: enjoying and curiosity, exposed to bad environment like addicted friends and families, joblessness, economic problems, lack of information and loss of affection. Conclusion: The analysis of the results indicated the high prevalence of narcotic and drugs use and necessity of codification of preventive programs for these people

تدوین بسته آموزشی-تمرینی ویژه افراد با کم توانی ذهنی: تدوین اصول و مبانی تمرین، بهترین نوع تمرینات و جزئیات برنامه تمرینی

Background and aim: The purpose of this research was to edition of an educational-exercise package for people with intellectual disabilities, with an emphasis on compiling the principles of exercise, the best types of exercises, and the details of the exercise program (FITT-VP) for this people. Methods: In this research, which was carried out with the financial support of Iran National Science Foundation, the researcher compiled a special exercise training package for these people and implemented this package on 7-18-year-old students with intellectual disabilities and determined the strengths and weaknesses of the exercises and then completed the exercise training package to present to the community. The members of the sample group were 36 students with intellectual disabilities who were studying in an exceptional school in Tehran. Results: After reviewing the research done, the researchers compiled 12 basic principles of sports training and the best way of sports training in these people, that include cognitive and perceptual-action training, development of muscle function, development of psychosocial skills, development of physical fitness and motor development skills, development of physical activity, specialized sports, aerobic exercises, flexibility exercises, weight loss exercise programs, and balance training. Conclusion: These guidelines for physical activity and exercise of people with intellectual disabilities are presented and it is suggested that trainers and experts in the field of sports science use these exercises as a comprehensive guide for these people.سابقه و هدف: هدف از اجرای این تحقیق تدوین بسته آموزشی-تمرینی ویژه افراد با کم توانی ذهنی و با تاکید بر تدوین اصول و مبانی تمرین، بهترین نوع تمرینات و جزئیات برنامه تمرینی این افراد بود.&nbsp; روش کار: در این تحقیق که با حمایت مالی و به سفارش صندوق حمایت از پژوهشگران و فناوران کشور انجام شد، محققین اقدام به تدوین بسته آموزشی تمرینی ویژه این افراد نموده و این بسته را بر روی دانش آموزان 18-7 ساله با کم توانی ذهنی اجرا و نقاط قوت و ضعف تمرینات را مشخص و اقدام به تکمیل بسته آموزشی تمرینی برای ارائه به جامعه نمودند. اعضاء گروه نمونه 36 دانش آموز با کم توانی ذهنی مشغول به تحصیل در یک مدرسه استثنائی شهر تهران بودند. یافته­ها: محققین پس از مطالعه و مرور تحقیقات انجام شده 12 اصول زیربنایی تمرین ورزشی در افراد با کم توانی ذهنی را تدوین نموده و بهترین شیوه تمرین ورزشی در این افراد را تمرینات ادراک عمل و شناختی، توسعه عملکرد عضلانی، توسعه مهارتهای روانی اجتماعی، توسعه آمادگی جسمانی و رشد مهارتهای حرکتی، توسعه فعالیت بدنی، ورزش تخصصی، تمرینات هوازی، تمرینات انعطاف پذیری، برنامه های تمرین کاهش وزن و تمرینات تعادلی گزارش نمودند. نتیجه گیری: این خطوط راهنما برای فعالیت بدنی و تمرین افراد با کم توانی ذهنی ارائه شده و پیشنهاد می شود تا مربیان و متخصصان حوزه علوم ورزشی این تمرینات را به عنوان یک راهنمای&nbsp; جامع برای تمرین این افراد استفاده نمایند

Acute pancreatitis in severe leptospirosis infection

(Received 18 May,2008 ; Accepted 10 Sep, 2008) Abstract Leptospirosis is a Zoonotic disease that rarely manifests in a severe manner, (Weil's syndrome). Regarding epidemiology of this disease, in some rural areas of Mazandaran Province we encountered a rare case of acute pancreatitis during progression of severe Leptosprosis is presented herein. Patient is a 50 year old male farmer who was admitted to the hospital due to experiencing 10 days of fever, myalgia, vomiting, jaundice and abdominal pain. He underwent haemo-dialysis due to acute renal failure only once. Direct bilirubin was 31.7 mg/dl with serum amylase, while lipase was three times more than normal levels. The CT-Scan demonstrated diffuse pancreatic enlargement. The IgM titer fourfold which was more than normal level against leptospirosis (ELISA) confirmed the diagnosis. Patient was cured completely through supportive care and antibiotic therapy, thus, this case was reported in drawing attention to Leptospira infections, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with jaundice and pancreatitis. J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2008; 18(66):92-97(Persian