La guerrilla antifranquista y el campesinado en la posguerra española

Calificada por la dictadura de delincuencia común, silenciada por los partidos políticos después de la Transición, ignorada durante años por la historiografía y la sociedad española, la guerrilla antifranquista, popularmente conocida como «el maquis», fue sin embargo, en palabras del historiador Paul Preston, la oposición más seria al régimen de Franco. Su origen se remonta a la propia guerra civil y tuvo en jaque a las fuerzas represivas de la dictadura hasta, al menos, principios de los años cincuenta

GÉNERO E IDENTIDAD POLÍTICA FEMENINA EN EL EXILIO: MUJERES ANTIFASCISTAS ESPAÑOLAS (1946-1950)

International audienc

Desenvolupament d'eines de recerca genòmica i la seva integració a l'entorn Galaxy

Els dos objectius principals del projecte són l'ampliació de l'eina Pyicos i l'adaptació d'aquesta a l'entorn Galaxy. Com a objectiu secundari, aquesta memòria pretén ser una 5eina de consulta per part dels membres del grup de recerca. L'ampliació de Pyicos es basa en el disseny i implementació de noves funcionalitats per donar suport a la recerca genòmica. Algunes de les funcionalitats es van proposar a l'inici del projecte, tot i que algunes altres s'han anat proposant al llarg del seu desenvolupament. Amb el segon objectiu esmentat es pretén integrar el conjunt d'eines de Pyicos (les implementades i les ja existents) a la plataforma Galaxy, que en simplifica l'ús mitjançant una interfície web

Anexo: análisis de un vástago metálico del yacimiento prehistórico de Peña Parda (Laguardia - Álava)

Se presenta el estudio metalográfico de un vastago metálico recuperado en el abrigo de Peña Parda (Laguardia, Álava), para determinar su composición química, que resulta mayoritariamente cobre

Slips of the Ear Experienced by the English Department Students

Abstrak Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan dengar atau persepsi mahasiswa jurusan bahasa inggris di Surabaya. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fenomena salah dengar atau persepsi mahasiswa terhadap monolog yang berisi narasi dari penutur asli bahasa Inggris. Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini diggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan 23 mahasiswa jurusan bahasa Inggris dari kelas dan tingkatan yang sama sebagai peserta penelitian dan yang telah diinstruksikan untuk menuliskan apa yang mereka dengar dari sebuah rekaman monolog. Dari penilitian yang telah dilakukan, ditemukan beberapa kesalahan dengar yang dituliskan oleh mahasiswa jurusan Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Kesalahan dengar tersebut digolongkan dalam beberapa kategori yang berdasarkan teori dari Bond (2005). Bond mengklasifikasikan 15 kesalahan dengar yang di dikelompokkan dalam 5 tingkatan pengetahuan yang berbeda: tingkatan pengetahuan fonetik; pengetahuan fonologis; pengetahuan penetahuan leksikal; pengetahuan sintaktis; pragmatik dan semantik. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan berbagai kesalahan yang berada di tiga tingkatan pengetahan yaitu, pengetahuan fonetik, fonologis, dan leksikal. Dan hanya ditemukan tujuh dari 15 macam kesalahan dengar yang dikemukakan oleh Bond (2005). Kata Kunci: Salah dengar, pengetahuan fonetik, pengetahuan fonologis, pengetahuan leksikal. Abstract The aim of this study was to find out the phenomenon of slips of the ear or student misperception of a monologue narrated by a native English speaker. In conducting this research, a qualitative descriptive method was used with twenty-three students majoring in English Education State University of Surabaya from the same class and level as research participants. They were instructed to write down what they have heard from the monologue recording. After the research was completed, several slips of the ear have been found which produced and written by the participants. These data are classified into several categories based on Bond’s theory of slips of the ear (2005). He classifies fifteen errors which are grouped into five different levels of knowledge, those are phonetic knowledge; phonological knowledge; lexical knowledge; syntactic knowledge; pragmatics and semantics. The result of the study indicates that various errors were found in three different levels of knowledge: phonetic, phonological, and lexical knowledge. In addition, only seven out of the 15 kinds of error by Bond were found. Keywords: Slips of the ear, phonetic knowledge, phonological knowledge, lexical knowledg

Estrategias para reducir el coste energético en comunidades de regantes

Los costes de suministro eléctrico de las comunidades de regantes se han duplicado en los últimos años desde la desaparición de la tarifa especial de riego agrícola en 2008. Aunque el mercado eléctrico liberalizado ofrece oportunidades para elegir al suministrador de energía y negociar los precios, las comunidades se han visto gravemente penalizadas por el incremento del término fijo de potencia contratada, a pesar del esfuerzo por concentrar al máximo el consumo de energía en los periodos más baratos. La Comunidad General de Riegos del Alto Aragón ha desarrollado distintas iniciativas desde 2010 para reducir el coste energético de las comunidades de regantes, entre otras el diseño de una plataforma online para el seguimiento de consumos y facturas eléctricas, el desarrollo de herramientas para la programación horaria del bombeo, el ajuste óptimo de las potencias contratadas, la negociación colectiva de los contratos de suministro o el estudio permanente de alternativas para la reducción del coste mediante fuentes de energías alternativas.Comunidad General de Riegos del Alto AragónMinisterio de Economía y Competitivida

Technical versus socio-economic and environmental criteria in power transmission projects

In recent years, the efforts of countries to reach agreements on the development of cross-border electricity interconnection have intensified because they optimize energy resources and constitute the most significant instantaneous support for the security and continuity of electricity supply. In addition, interconnections play a key role in the integration of electricity markets. However, the planning of European electricity infrastructures constitutes complex analyses due to the large number of factors involved. This article applies a multicriteria methodology for the evaluation and prioritization of cross-border interconnection projects with the simulation of different scenarios, in total 12 scenarios, to study the effect of changes in the selected criteria on the results obtained. To test the defined methodology, the variation in the weight of different criteria in the assessment of a new cross-border electrical interconnection project between Spain and France is studied. It was verified that the tool is coherent and that the analysis developed improves the understanding of such large and complex projects and can facilitate the prioritization of project portfolios with a clear and explicit method

Virtual power plant models and electricity markets - A review

In recent years, the integration of distributed generation in power systems has been accompanied by new facility operations strategies. Thus, it has become increasingly important to enhance management capabilities regarding the aggregation of distributed electricity production and demand through different types of virtual power plants (VPPs). It is also important to exploit their ability to participate in electricity markets to maximize operating profits. This review article focuses on the classification and in-depth analysis of recent studies that propose VPP models including interactions with different types of energy markets. This classification is formulated according to the most important aspects to be considered for these VPPs. These include the formulation of the model, techniques for solving mathematical problems, participation in different types of markets, and the applicability of the proposed models to real case studies. From the analysis of the studies, it is concluded that the most recent models tend to be more complete and realistic in addition to featuring greater diversity in the types of electricity markets in which VPPs participate. The aim of this review is to identify the most profitable VPP scheme to be applied in each regulatory environment. It also highlights the challenges remaining in this field of study

Characterising the security of power system topologies through a combined assessment of reliability, robustness, and resilience

Electricity has a prominent role in modern economies; therefore, ensuring the availability of electricity supply should be a top priority for policymakers. The joint assessment of reliability, robustness, and resilience can be a useful criterion to characterise different topologies and improve the security of supply. This paper proposes a novel integrated analysis of these three attributes to quantify the security of power grid topologies. Hence, eight case studies with different topologies created using the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system were analysed. Reliability was evaluated by applying the sequential Monte Carlo approach, robustness was evaluated by simulating cascading failures, and resilience was evaluated by analysing recovery curves. The different indicators associated with each of the three evaluations were then calculated. The results obtained were discussed both graphically and quantitatively in a novel three-dimensional representation, where the importance of joint analysis was also highlighted. The proposed method can serve as an additional tool for planners to identify possible investments or improvements in power system topologies

Optimal short-term water-energy dispatch for pumping stations with grid-connected photovoltaic self-generation

Increases in the energy costs of irrigation water pumping facilities puts the economic sustainability of recent investments in the modernization of farms at risk. To address this problem, it is essential to apply renewable technologies for the production of electricity, and photovoltaic energy is particularly attractive due to its lower cost and recent technological advances. The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical techno-economic dispatch model that optimizes the hourly schedule of pumping equipment subject to electrical and hydraulic constraints to minimize the weekly operating costs of a real pumping station. The resulting model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem that determines the optimal hourly combination of pumping equipment and available resources to meet water and energy needs. The proposed model comprises fixed and variable speed pumps, a grid-connected photovoltaic plant, and two water ponds for internal regulation and storage. The results verify that the combination of self-consumption photovoltaic facilities and variable speed drives make it possible to maximize the percentage of self-consumed energy up to 99.41% during the month with the highest demand for water. In this case, the pumping station reduces its energy costs by 21.56%, in addition to improving water management