The tools of the direct economic and environmental regulation of the development of agricultural enterprises

Досліджено різновиди стандартів, нормативів і лімітів як інструментів розвитку сільсько- господарських підприємств.The article deals with the variety of standards, regulations and limits as tools for the development of agricultural enterprises

Оцінка впливу ретранслятора на показники роботи LTE стільника

Problem definition. Information technologies are constantly evolving. This process leads to an annual traffic increasing. Also requirements to infocommunication nerworks are increasing too. It stimulates the development of new technologies that will be able to satisfy the growing needs of users. At the present stage of evolution of world telecommunication technologies in mobile communications development and implementation of the fourth generation standard (4G) networks are relevant. This type of networks provides a higher data rate and high quality of service with an overall decrease in operating costs of telecommunications equipment. One of the most relevant technologies is Long Term Evolution (LTE), which is the development of the third generation UMTS networks. Now there is a standard of 3GPP - LTE-Advanced, which is an improvement of LTE and the official wireless communications standard of the 4th generation. Relay Nodes has appeared in LTE-Advanced networks for more effective scheduling. Relay catches the signal from a Mobile Station, amplifies it and transmit it further to a Base Station. Selecting the optimal location of relay. In this paper we consider one LTE cell and one repeater type I (in-band, half-duplex). For this type of relay we calculate the best position of installation. The calculated value of the cell radius is 400 m for densely populated city. The type of division duplex is TDD, the frame configuration is 2, the width of the frequency band is 10 MHz. To calculate the cell radius COST231 Hata s 3GPP TS 25.996 v9.0.0 model for urban macro network is used. Scheduling scheme uses an algorithm Fair Work Conserving (FWC). FWC relates to such type of algorithms that operate on a resource allocation equally between the users. Users connect to the network at the speed of λ, which may be various. Estimation of the LTE relay influence on the cell. From these simulation results, we can conclude that the larger amount of resource blocks allocated to the subscriber leads to a smaller distance between the Base Station and Relay Node. Also the influence of the Relay Node on the overall throughput of the cell is investigated. Using Relay Node can increase Uplink cell capacity to 10%. The obtained results can be used for LTE network planning.Проанализированы особенности технологии LTE-Advanced, которая для более эффективного планирования ресурсов включает ретрансляторы. На основе моделирования для соты выбрано оптимальное значение расстояния между ретранслятором и базовой станцией LTE в зависимости от количества ресурсных блоков. Проведены исследования относительно влияния ретранслятора на общую пропускную способность соты в канале Uplink.Проведено аналіз особливостей технології LTE-Advanced, яка для більш ефективного планування містить в собі ретранслятори. На основі моделювання для стільника обрано оптимальне значення відстані між ретранслятором та базовою станцією LTE залежно від кількості ресурсних блоків. Проведено дослідження щодо впливу ретранслятора на загальну пропускну здатність стільника у Uplink напрямку

Laplace method for the diagrams of elastic scattering in the model of multiparticle fields

In this paper we show how the differential cross-section of elastic proton scattering can be calculated from the square of the transmitted four-momentum using the model of multiparticle fields. We consider a single-loop diagram and the corresponding analytical expression for this loop. This expression contains a multidimensional integral over virtual four-momentum, which we calculate using the Laplace method. These multidimensional integrals were reduced to two-dimensional or one-dimensional and then were calculated numerically. A qualitative correspondence of the differential cross section to the experimental data is obtained. Achieving a quantitative match with the experiment requires taking into account more loop diagrams.Comment: 50 pages, 12 figures, in Ukrainia

Automatic Alignment of pre and intraoperative Data using Anatomical Landmarks for Augmented Laparoscopic Liver Surgery

International audienceEach year in Europe 50,000 new liver cancer cases are diagnosed for which hepatic surgery combined to chemotherapy is the most common treatment. In particular the number of laparoscopic liver surgeries has increased significantly over the past years. This type of minimally invasive procedure which presents many benefits for the patient is challenging for the surgeons due to the limited field of view. Recently new augmented reality techniques which merge preoperative data and intraoperative images and permit to visualize internal structures have been proposed to help surgeons during this type of surgery. One of the difficulties is to align preoperative data with the intraoperative images. We propose in this paper a semi-automatic approach for solving the ill-posed problem of initial alignment for Augmented Reality systems during liver surgery. Our registration method relies on anatomical landmarks extracted from both the laparoscopic images and three-dimensional model, using an image-based soft-tissue reconstruction technique and an atlas-based approach, respectively. The registration evolves automatically from a quasi-rigid to a non-rigid registration. Furthermore, the surface-driven deformation is induced in the volume via a patient specific biomechanical model. The experiments conducted on both synthetic and in vivo data show promising results with a registration error of 2 mm when dealing with a visible surface of 30% of the whole liver

Laplace method for the simplest diagrams of elastic scattering of scalar particles

We propose an algorithm for the application of the Laplace method for the calculation of the simplest Feynman diagram with a single loop in the scalar {\phi}^3 theory. The calculation of the contribution of such a diagram to the scattering amplitude requires the calculation of a fourfold integral over the four-momenta components circulating in a loop. The essence of the Laplace method for the calculation of multiple integrals lies in the fact that if the module of an integrand has a point of sufficiently sharp maximum inside the integration domain, then the integral can be replaced by a Gaussian integral by representing the integrand in the form of an exponent from the logarithm and expanding this logarithm into Taylor series in the vicinity of a maximum point up to the second degree terms. We show that there are two-dimensional and non-intersecting surfaces inside the four-dimensional region of integration, on which the maximum of the module of integrand is reached. This leads to a problem that the integrand is non-analytically dependent on the parameters responsible for bypassing the poles. Also the derivatives of logarithm of the scattering amplitude are non-analytically dependent on these parameters. However, in the paper we show that these non-analyticities compensate each other. As a result of such a procedure, three of the four integrations can be done analytically, and the calculation of the contribution of the diagram to the scattering amplitude is reduced to a numerical calculation of the single integral in finite bounds from an expression that does not contain non-analyticities. The described calculation method is used to construct a model dependence of elastic scattering differential cross section d{\sigma}_elastic/dt on the square of the transmitted four-momentum t (Mandelstam variable).Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, in Ukrainian (v2: same text, article description corrected; v3: text and some figures updated

Pelvis segmentation using multi-pass U-Net and iterative shape estimation

In this report, an automatic method for segmentation of the pelvis in three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images is proposed. The method is based on a 3D U-net which has as input the 3D CT image and estimated volumetric shape models of the targeted structures and which returns the probability maps of each structure. During training, the 3D U-net is initially trained using blank shape context inputs to generate the segmentation masks, i.e. relying only on the image channel of the input. The preliminary segmentation results are used to estimate a new shape model, which is then fed to the same network again, with the input images. With the additional shape context information, the U-net is trained again to generate better segmentation results. During the testing phase, the input image is fed through the same 3D U-net multiple times, first with blank shape context channels and then with iteratively re-estimated shape models. Preliminary results show that the proposed multi-pass U-net with iterative shape estimation outperforms both 2D and 3D conventional U-nets without the shape model

Генерализованная Varicella Zoster-инфекция у пациентки с лимфогранулематозом после трансплантации костного мозга: клинико-лабораторная характеристика и генотипирование вируса

A description of a laboratory confirmed clinical case of generalized Varicella Zoster infection in a patient with lymphogranulomatosis after bone marrow transplantation is presented.Detection of the Varicella Zoster virus in biological material was carried out by real-time PCR using the RealBest DNA VZV test system manufactured by Vector-BEST, Russian Federation. Isolation of viral DNA from biological material was performed using the ArtRNA MiniSpin kit (ArtBioTech, Belarus) or QIAamp DNA mini kit (QIAGEN, Germany).The disease had an atypically severe course with a multiorgan lesion, represented not only by lesions  of  the  skin and mucous membranes, but also by the development of encephalitis, myocarditis, and pneumonia. The disease was characterized by an acute onset, with a pronounced intoxication syndrome, signs of pancreatitis with the appearance  of a widespread vesicular rash on the trunk and extremities, prone to fusion, located, including on the scalp, on the feet and palms. The disease was complicated by a secondary bacterial infection, in connection with which the patient received both antiviral treatment and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.The virus was assigned to clade 3 (or E2 genotype according to the old classification), the same genotype as the viruses circulating in Minsk. This case is the first described case of generalized VZV infection in the Republic of Belarus, confirmed by laboratory using molecular genetic methods.Представлено описание лабораторного подтвержденного клинического случая генерализованной Varicella Zoster-инфекции у пациентки с лимфогранулематозом после трансплантации костного мозга.Обнаружение вируса Varicella Zoster в биологическом материале проводили методом ПЦР в реальном времени с использованием тест-системы «РеалБест ДНК VZV» производства Вектор-БЕСТ, Российская Федерация. Выделение вирусной ДНК из биологического материала выполняли с помощью набора «АртРНК MiniSpin» (Арт-БиоТех, Беларусь) или QIAamp DNA mini kit (QIAGEN, Германия).Заболевание имело атипично тяжелое течение, представленное не только поражением кожных покровов и слизистых оболочек, но и развитием энцефалита, миокардита, пневмонии. Заболевание характеризовалось острым началом, с наличием выраженного интоксикационного синдрома, признаков панкреатита с появлением распространенной везикулезной сыпи на туловище и конечностях, склонной к слиянию, расположенной  в том числе и на волосистой части головы, на стопах   и ладонях. Заболевание осложнилось присоединением вторичной бактериальной инфекции, в связи с чем пациентка получала как противовирусное лечение, так и терапию антибиотиками широкого спектра.Вирус отнесен к клэйду 3 (или генотипу Е2 по старой классификации), тому же генотипу, что и вирусы, циркулировавшие в г. Минске. Этот случай является первым в Республике Беларусь описанным случаем генерализованной VZV-инфекции, подтвержденной лабораторно с использованием молекулярно-генетических методов

Novel application and validation of in vivo micro‐CT to study bone modelling in 3D

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149362/1/ocr12265.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149362/2/ocr12265_am.pd