Hysteresis properties of the amorphous high permeability Co66Fe3Cr3Si15B13 alloy

The scaling law of minor loops was studied on an amorphous alloy Co66Fe3Cr3Si15B13 with a very high initial permeability (more than 150000) and low coercivity (about 0.1 A/m). An analytical expression for the coercive force in the Rayleigh region was derived. The coercive force is connected with the maximal magnetic field Hmax via the reversibility coefficient μi/ηHmax. Reversibility coefficient shows the relationship between reversible and irreversible magnetization processes. A universal dependence of magnetic losses for hysteresis Wh on the remanence Br with a power factor of 1.35 is confirmed for a wide range of magnetic fields strengths

Detailed characterization of laser-produced astrophysically-relevant jets formed via a poloidal magnetic nozzle

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Hysteresis properties of the amorphous high permeability Co66Fe3Cr3Si15B13 alloy

The scaling law of minor loops was studied on an amorphous alloy Co66Fe3Cr3Si15B13 with a very high initial permeability (more than 150000) and low coercivity (about 0.1 A/m). An analytical expression for the coercive force in the Rayleigh region was derived. The coercive force is connected with the maximal magnetic field Hmax via the reversibility coefficient μi/ηHmax. Reversibility coefficient shows the relationship between reversible and irreversible magnetization processes. A universal dependence of magnetic losses for hysteresis Wh on the remanence Br with a power factor of 1.35 is confirmed for a wide range of magnetic fields strengths

Statistical classification of the states of biological cells treated with carbon nanotubes based on AFM-images of cell surface

The method of statistical classification of biological cells, treated with carbon nanotubes, based on images of cell surface obtained with an atomic force microscope (AFM) is proposed. Each scan line of the original AFM image is considered as a random sequence realization, and the discrete Fourier transform is applied to compute its spectral features. After smoothing, the map of spectral estimates is formed. The informative features are computed as the medians for the set of the spectrogram values. Classification of four classes of cells (control and treated with carbon nanotubes, after 1 hour and 24 hours of incubation) was carried out by the obtained informative features using the decision trees method. The proposed method provides a sufficiently high accuracy classification of cell states after the treatment with carbon nanotube

Pantoprazole niche among the GERD-medicines

Main groups of antisecretory drugs used in the treatment of acid-dependent diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), are described in a review. Mechanisms of activation, degradation and inactive metabolites formation of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – final elements of acid production blockage – are considered in detail. Special attention is paid to the presence of PPIs’ derivatives with different functional activity: inactive derivatives, active and inactive metabolites. Topographic description of these derivatives, their significance in terms of an effect on bioavailability, clinical effectiveness and a potential of PPIs interactions with other administered drugs. The combined decision-making algorithm in the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms is presented, compiled on the basis of the most authoritative current recommendations. This algorithm provides for the use of PPIs in standard doses once a day for 4–8 weeks with a possible dose escalation in a case of ineffectiveness. If treatment with high doses of PPIs is ineffective, a set of measures is needed to identify the causes of this inefficiency and to choose additional medical strategy. Depending on the clinical situation, after erosions epithelization the treatment can be stopped, used on demand, prolonged in the intermittent or supportive forms. Particular attention is paid to the Panum® drug, which has proven its effectiveness in patients with different degrees of reflux esophagitis. The availability of dosage forms for prescription and over-the-counter leave allows ensuring its comfortable and unhindered purchase by patients and eliminating excessive burden on the healthcare system

SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY IN PREVENTING REGIONAL RELAPSES IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED CUTANEOUS MELANOMA

Objective. To determine  an optimal  method  for preventing regional relapses in patients with locally advanced cutaneous melanoma (CM).Material and methods. The investigation included 755 patients  with locally advanced  CM who had been treated  at the Medical Radiology  Research  Centre.  Among them, 213 patients had wide excision only for the primary tumor; 242 patients  were additionally  treated  with preventive  lymphadenectomy (pLAE), and 300 patients  underwent  sentinel  lymph node (SLN) biopsy. The groups were matched for the local extent  of a tumor in the TNM  staging  (p = 0.178), which  allowed  a proper comparative analysis  of treatment  results.  The Russian  radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-Technefit  having  necessary lymphotropic  properties  was used  to identify  SLN.  Intraoperative  navigation  was  performed using a Radical handheld gamma probe counter (Amplitude Research  and Technology Center, Russia).Results. Regional relapses were observed in 20.2% of cases in the primary CM excision group. In the pLAE group, latent regional lymph node metastases were detected in 10.7% of the patients; and 12.0% more of the patients  developed subsequently regional relapses  in the  intact  lymph nodes.  The total  number of latent regional  metastases in this  group was  22.7%; these  were  diagnosed  as a result of pLAE in less than half of the cases  (47.3%). SLN biopsy revealed  subclinical regional metastases in 20.7% of the  patients   and  regional  relapses   were  seen   only  in  3.3%. Overall, SLN biopsy could detect latent lymph node metastases in 86.1% of all cases; these were demonstrated  with clinical relapses  only in 13.9%. The efficiency  of SLN biopsy in preventing regional relapses   was  significantly   higher  than  was  achievable   during pLAE (p =0.001). The five  and seven-year survival  rates  were 61.5 ± 4.3 and 54.3 ± 4.6% in the CM excision group, respectively; 68.8 ± 0.35 and 61.3±3.9%  in the pLAE group; and 84.8 ± 6.5 and 84.8 ± 6.5% in the SLN biopsy group (p = 0.001).Conclusion.  The investigation of SLN is the most  effective, safe,  and reproducible  technique  for the early detection of subclinical  regional  metastases and for the  prevention  of  regional relapses  in patients  with locally advanced  CM. Reliable  regional control  in turn makes it possible  to hope for the best  long-term treatment results

Comparative efficacy and safety of chimeric and recombinant anti-TNF-α mAbs

TNF-α has been known since 1985. It is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine, synthesized mainly by monocytes and macrophages. Since its discovery, many studies have been conducted that have proven that it provides homeostatic function and regulates many biological processes in the body. Violation of its regulation in humans is associated with the development of many autoimmune diseases. The intensive studies that led to the understanding of its polyfunctionality and its role in the immunopathogenesis of a number of diseases served as the basis for the development of anti-cytokine therapy with monoclonal antibodies. In 1975, a technique for producing such antibodies was developed. The first antibodies against TNF-α obtained were chimeric, consisting of 30% mouse protein. Because of this feature, drugs based on chimeric antibodies had immunogenicity, which was manifested in the formation of antibodies to the drug, which led to a decrease in their effectiveness. To reduce immunogenicity, scientists in 1990 created the first fully human monoclonal antibody based on a technology called phage display. This is how adalimumab was born, the  first fully human multi-clonal antibody to TNF-α. Humira®  (adalimumab) is currently considered a widely studied drug from the group of TNF-α inhibitors, with a good safety and efficacy profile. The article presents current data that demonstrate that the drug significantly improves the course of diseases such as rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, and will allow for long-term remission in Crohn’s disease

Current opportunities for the treatment of respiratory diseases in paediatric practice

Immediacy of the problem of combination therapy of respiratory diseases in paediatric practice is caused by their multifactorial pathogenesis in children and the need to achieve a high clinical effect in the use of drugs at relatively low doses and with minimum risks of serious adverse effects and drug interactions. The fixed-dose combination of salbutamol, bromhexine and guaifenesin produced in the form of tablets and syrup fully meets these requirements, which makes it possible to use it in children and adults with acute, chronic infectious (ARVI, bacterial pneumonia, respiratory tuberculosis, etc.) and non-infectious (bronchial asthma, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, etc.) diseases