細胞壁マンナン中にβ-1,2-結合をもつSaccharomycetaceaeに属する酵母株の検出

We detected 6 yeast strains,Issatchenkia terricola IFO 1798,Saccharomyces dairensis IFO 0211,S.exiguus IFO 1128,S.unisporus IFO 0215,S.yakushimaensis IFO 1889,and Tarulaspora delbrueckii IFO0955,belonging to the Saccharomycetaceae family involving β-1,2-linkages in the cell wall mannan.The 5 cell wall mannan,It-1798-M,Sd-0211-M,Se-1128-M,Su-0215-M,and Td-0955-M,showed the reactivity against factor sera 5 and 6 from a commercially available serum factor kit (Candida Check) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The 1H-nuclear magnetic response patterns of the mannans showed the presense of the β-1,2-linked mannopyranose units,corresponding to the serum factors 5 and 6.By contrast, the Sy-1889-M showed the reactivity against factor serum 6 but not factor serum 5.The mannan did not show the presence of the β-1,2-linked mannopyranose units,corresponding to the serum factors 5

細胞ELISAを用いたCandida属酵母表層抗原の検出

We conducted cell-enzyme linked- immunosorbent assay (Cell-ELISA) to detect the specific surface antigens of Candidaspecies strain cells using factor sera from commercially available serum factor kit (Candida Check).The use of poly-L-lysine and glutaraldehyde in the Cell-ELISA was very useful to stick the yeast cells (antigens) to microtiterplate.The Cell-ELISA detercted more clearly the surface antigens compared with the commercial slide agglutination test.We showed that the Cell-ELISA might detect qualitatively and/or qualitatively the mannan of the yeast surface by using antibodies with the mannan structure specificity

Candida albicansマンナンによるアストロサイトからの炎症性因子の産生

We made experiments to investigate the effect of Candida albicans mannan in the brain of mice with Candidasis and obtained the following results.The intracerebral injection of mannnan induced fatal event(s) in mice.The mannan also stimulated the release of proinflammatory mediators,nitric oxide (NO),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),and interleukin-6(IL-6),in the astrocytes.From these results, we speculate that the mannan in the brain induces the fatal event(s) to mice via the potent production of the proinflammatory mediators(NO,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6)

Local Control of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Treated with CT-based Three-dimensional Image-Guided Brachytherapy with or without Central Shielding

The purposes of this retrospective study were to analyze local control of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with computed tomography (CT)-based image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT), as well as the factors affecting local control. A total of 39 patients were analyzed. The prescribed dose to the pelvis was 45-50 Gy with or without central shielding (CS). IGBT was delivered in 1-5 fractions. The total dose for high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) was calculated as the biologically equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions. The median follow-up period was 29.3 months. The 2-year overall survival and local control rates were 97% and 91%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the dose covering 90% of the HR-CTV (D90) and tumor size were found to be significant factors for local control. The cutoff values of tumor size and D90 for local control were 4.3 cm (area under the curve [AUC] 0.75) and 67.7 Gy (AUC 0.84) in the CS group and 5.3 cm (AUC 0.75) and 73.7 Gy (AUC 0.78) in the group without CS, respectively. However, though the local control of CT-based IGBT was favorable, the results suggested that the dose required for tumor control may differ depending on the presence of CS

Antegrade slow pathway mapping of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia based on direct slow pathway capture

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (tAVNRT) is performed without revealing out the location of antegrade slow pathway (ASp). In this study, we studied a new electrophysiological method of identifying the site of ASp. Methods: This study included 19 patients. Repeated series of very high-output single extrastimulations (VhoSESts) were delivered at the anatomical slow pathway region during tAVNRT. Tachycardia cycle length (TCL), coupling interval (CI), and return cycle (RC) were measured and the prematurity of VhoSESts [ΔPM (= TCL – CI)] and the prolongation of RCs [ΔPL (= RC – TCL)] were calculated. Pacing sites were classified into two categories: (i) ASp capture sites [DSPC(+) sites] were calculated. Pacing sites were classified into two categories: (i) ASp capture sites [DSPC(+) sites, where two different RCs were shown, and ASp non-capture sites [DSPC(-) sites], where only one RC was shown. RF ablation was performed at DSPC(+) sites and/or sites with catheter-induced mechanical trauma (CIMT) to ASp. Results: DSPC(+) sites were shown in 13 patients (68%). RF ablation was successful in all patients without any degree of atrioventricular block nor recurrence. Total number of RF applications was 1.8 ± 1.1. Minimal distance between successful ablation sites and DSPC(+)/CIMT sites and His bundle (HB) electrogram recording sites was 1.9 ± 0.8 mm and 19.8 ± 6.1 mm, respectively. ΔPL of more than 92.5 ms, ΔPL/TCL of more than 0.286, and ΔPL/ΔPM of more than 1.565 could identify ASp with sensitivity of 100%, 91.1%, and 88.9% and specificity of 92.9%, 97.0%, and 97.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Sites with ASp capture and CIMT were close to successful ablation sites and could be useful indicators of tAVNRT ablation

Axial anomaly in the reduced model: Higher representations

The axial anomaly arising from the fermion sector of \U(N) or \SU(N) reduced model is studied under a certain restriction of gauge field configurations (the ``\U(1) embedding'' with $N=L^d$). We use the overlap-Dirac operator and consider how the anomaly changes as a function of a gauge-group representation of the fermion. A simple argument shows that the anomaly vanishes for an irreducible representation expressed by a Young tableau whose number of boxes is a multiple of $L^2$ (such as the adjoint representation) and for a tensor-product of them. We also evaluate the anomaly for general gauge-group representations in the large $N$ limit. The large $N$ limit exhibits expected algebraic properties as the axial anomaly. Nevertheless, when the gauge group is \SU(N), it does not have a structure such as the trace of a product of traceless gauge-group generators which is expected from the corresponding gauge field theory.Comment: 21 pages, uses JHEP.cls and amsfonts.sty, the final version to appear in JHE

マウスListeria monocytogenes感染に対する酵母マンナンの防御機構について

In order to clarify the mechanisms of the protective effects against Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice of both mannans, a neutral mannan (WNM) and an acidic mannan (WAM025) fractions from bakers\u27 yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we investigated in vitro bacterial-growth inhibitory activity. The activity of peritoneal phagocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, in mice administered with the mannans was enhanced compared with the activity of those from the untreated mice. The activity of the mannan-induced peritoneal phagocytes was inhibited by addition of serine protease inhibitors, diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The macrophage activating factor-releasing activity from the mannan-activated spleen lymphocytes was also enhanced compared with that from non-activated spleen lymphocytes

担がんマウスのCandida albicans感染防御におけるリゾチームの役割

In order to further demonstrate the protective mechanism of sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing mice against Candida albicans infection, we investigated the role of lysozyme. The lysozyme activity of serum and fixed number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) from mice 1 week after sarcoma 180 tumor implantation exhibited a slight increase compared with that of PMN from the control mice. On the other hand, the activity of serum and PMN from mice 3 weeks after the tumor implantation increased about 2- and 4-fold higher than that of the cells from normal mice. When the yeast- and mycelial-form cells of C. albicans were treated with 50μg/ml of commercial lysozyme, the mycelial-form cells showed higher susceptibility in the candidacidal activity of the lysozyme than the yeast-form cells. From these results, it has been demonstrated that lysozyme plays an important role in the protection of tumor-bearing mice against Candida albicans infection together with the other protective factors

Basic properies of beam flatness analyzer (THEBES 7000)

癌の有力な治療法の1つである放射線治療はシステム全体の許容誤差が±5％と、正確な治療が要求されている。正確な線量を正確な場所に照射されなければならない。そのためには日頃から照射装置のQuality Control が重要である。Beam平坦度の測定はその中でも、重要な項目で1／6月の測定頻度が勧告されている。今回、市販のBeam Flatness Analyzer (7000型 THEBES) を使用する機会を得たので、その基礎的性能であるChamber 相互の感度のちがい、測定値の再現性、識別可能な最小線量について実験を行った。各項目とも誤差が非常に少なく、日常の使用に際してそのデータは十分信頼できるものであることがわかった。Lrradiation, which is one of the effective therapies to Cancer, is required to be accurate within ±5% of the tolerable error of the total system. An accurate dose has to be irradiated accurately at a target volume. For that Quality Control of the irradiation equipment is cotinually important. As the measurement of Beam Flatness is an important item, it is obligated to be measured once a week. In this paper as we have an opportunity to use a Beam Flatness Analyzer sold on a corporation of medical instrument, we experiment about the difference of sensitivity of mutual Chamber which is its basic property, the reproducibility of the measured score, and the minimum value of measuralbe dose. We find that the difference in every item is so small that its data is very reliable in a daily use

マウス緑膿菌感染に対する酵母マンナンの防御効果

In order to clarify the protective effects and the mechanisms of both mannans, a neutral mannan (WNM) and an acidic mannan (WAM025) fractions from bakers\u27 yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice, we measured anti-P. aerugonosa, antibody titers in the mice and in vitro bacterial-growth inhibitory activity of the phagocytes isolated from the mice. The sera derived from mannans-untreated P. aeruginosa-infected mice showed significant levels of anti-P. aerugonosa antibody. On the other hand, the sera from the mannans-treated P. aeruginosa-infected mice little showed the antibody titers, indicating the infection- protecting activities of the mannans. The P. aeruginosa growth inhibitory activity of peritoneal phagocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, in mice administered with the mannans was significantly enhanced compared with the activity of those from the untreated mice