Evaluation of bacteria for biological control of early blightdisease of tomato

Twenty three bacterial isolate out of 190, exhibiting inhibitory affects against Alternaria solani in preliminary tests, were screened for their activity towards A. solani Ell. and G. Martin) Sor. by a dualculture in vitro assay on nutrient agar (NA) medium and in vivo (whole plant) test. In vitro studies indicated that all the 23 bacterial isolates inhibited the mycelial growth of A. solani by forming inhibition zone ranging from 9.35 to 31.3 mm. The most effective isolate was Serratia plymuthica (IK- 139) (31.3 mm) based on the in vitro test results. Twenty three bacterial isolates were subjected to a whole plant test to investigate their ability to protect the tomato plant against early blight disease. In whole plant tests, 0.5 x 108 cfu/ml bacterial suspension was sprayed and one day later, A. solani spores suspension were applied on tomato seedlings and plants were incubated in moist chamber at 20°C with 95% relative humidity (RH) and 12 h photoperiods for 21 days. Based on the whole plant tests, Paenibacillus macerans-GC subgroup A (1.82), Serratia plymuthica (1.78), Bacillus coagulans (1.75), Serratia marcescens-GC subgroup A (1.50), Bacillus pumilis –GC subgroup B (1.50) and Pantoea agglomerans (1.32) bacterial isolates reduced the disease severity of early blight significantly when compared with control. These results suggest that the bacterial isolates studied have a good potential to be used as biocontrol agents of A. solani in tomato.Key words: Alternaria solani, early blight, biological control, bacterial isolate

Multicomponent bi-superHamiltonian KdV systems

It is shown that a new class of classical multicomponent super KdV equations is bi-superHamiltonian by extending the method for the verification of graded Jacobi identity. The multicomponent extension of super mKdV equations is obtained by using the super Miura transformation

Problems of Bo?a

This study is analyzed in detail existing land uses, socio-economic structure, environmental issues and problems arising from Bo?

Nature of the spin resonance mode in CeCoIn5_5

Spin-fluctuation-mediated unconventional superconductivity can emerge at the border of magnetism, featuring a superconducting order parameter that changes sign in momentum space. Detection of such a sign-change is experimentally challenging, since most probes are not phase-sensitive. The observation of a spin resonance mode (SRM) from inelastic neutron scattering is often seen as strong phase-sensitive evidence for a sign-changing superconducting order parameter, by assuming the SRM is a spin-excitonic bound state. Here, we show that for the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn$_5$, its SRM defies expectations for a spin-excitonic bound state, and is not a manifestation of sign-changing superconductivity. Instead, the SRM in CeCoIn$_5$ likely arises from a reduction of damping to a magnon-like mode in the superconducting state, due to its proximity to magnetic quantum criticality. Our findings emphasize the need for more stringent tests of whether SRMs are spin-excitonic, when using their presence to evidence sign-changing superconductivity.Comment: accepted for publication in Communications Physic

Vehicular traffic flow at an intersection with the possibility of turning

We have developed a Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automata model for describing of vehicular traffic flow at a single intersection. A set of traffic lights operating in fixed-time scheme controls the traffic flow. Open boundary condition is applied to the streets each of which conduct a uni-directional flow. Streets are single-lane and cars can turn upon reaching to the intersection with prescribed probabilities. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to find the model flow characteristics. In particular, we investigate the flows dependence on the signalisation parameters, turning probabilities and input rates. It is shown that for each set of parameters, there exist a plateau region inside which the total outflow from the intersection remains almost constant. We also compute total waiting time of vehicles per cycle behind red lights for various control parameters.Comment: 8 pages, 17 eps figures, Late

Comparison of normal values of Duplex indices of vertebral arteries in young and elderly adults

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Considering the role of aging in brain atrophy and cerebral vascular demand, we carried out this study to clarify the role of aging in duplex indices of vertebral arteries.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From June 2005 to June 2006, 96 volunteers with age range of 20 to 95 years, were evaluated with color doppler for duplex indices of vertebral arteries. Sever hemodynamic stenosis was excluded in all of these patients. These volunteers were subdivided in two groups: younger and older than 60 year old. In all of these patients we measured diameter, peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistive index (RI), and flow volume (FV) of vertebral arteries in right and left sides.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was no significant difference in diameter, PSV, RI and FV between two groups. We have clarified that in patients younger than 60 year old, comparing right and left vertebral arteries, PSV and FV were higher in left side.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Duplex indices of vertebral arteries are age independent in adults.</p

Protective effects of green tea on blood and liver of rats fed with high fructose diet

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the effects of green tea on lipid profile, liver tissue damage, and oxidative stress in rats fed a diet including high fructose. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C), Fructose (F), Green Tea (GT), and F+GT. F and F+GT groups were given 20 fructose in the drinking water for eight weeks. Green tea (2 mg kg−1) was administrated to GT and F+GT groups by oral gavage for eight weeks. Biochemical parameters in serum and oxidative stress markers in the liver were analysed. The liver sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. As of the 3rd week of the experiment, the body weight of rats in the F group showed a statistically significant increase in comparison with the F+GT group. The serum glucose and triglyceride levels of the F+GT group significantly decreased when compared with the F group. The fructose-induced degenerative changes in the liver were reduced with green tea. Green tea may serve a protective role against hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in rats fed a high fructose diet

Экономическая безопасность функционирования предприятия в условиях сетевой экономики

В наше время возникновение сетевых особенностей в экономике связывают с развитием информационных технологий, что приводит к эволюции современных экономических систем, развитию нерыночных механизмов регулирования и сетевых организационных структур. Другими словами, сетевые экономические отношения играют особую роль в процессе координации экономических взаимодействий. Данные изменения обостряют проблему экономической безопасности предприятия в условиях развития межорганизационных взаимодействий формального и неформального характера с позиции сетевой экономики