Liver and colon pro- and anti-oxidant enzyme activities in rats after long-term ethylnitrosourea exposure

136-138Liver and colon pro- and anti-oxidant enzyme activities were investigated in rats treated with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) (i.p.) (4 mg/kg body wt) for 6 months. The pro-oxidant enzymes (NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome P-4502E1 and the anti-oxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) exhibited significantly increased activity in liver and colon. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) showed enhanced activity in liver, but decreased activity in colon. Glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were significantly increased in colon, but decreased in liver. Catalase (CAT) activity while showed a significant increase in liver, exhibited only marginal increase in colon. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly elevated in both tissues

The relationship between ASIC3 gene polymorphism and fibromyalgia syndrome

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread body pain over a long period, the cause of which is not yet clearly known. FMS patients usually have high pain sensitivity. We aimed to investigate whether rs4148855 and rs2288646 polymorphisms of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), one of the factors contributing to pain, cause a predisposition to FMS in the Turkish population

Effects of Rumex patientia L. extract on some drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver

45-47The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a traditional Turkish medicine used as a laxative and cholagogue, on drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P4502E1, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied in male Wistar albino rat liver. A significant increase was observed in cytochrome P4502E1 and GST activities, but not in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activities. Serum AST and ALT activities were found within the normal laboratory range values. The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of R. patientia triggers induction of cytochrome P4502E1 in liver and cytosolic GST activity

The Acute and Chronic Toxic Effect of Cypermethrin, Propetamphos, and Their Combinations in Rats

This study was aimed at determining the acute and chronic toxic effects of cypermethrin, propetamphos, and combined cypermethrin and propetamphos. Four groups, each comprising 10 animals, were established for the acute (a) and chronic (b) toxicity trials, and in total, 80 male Wistar albino rats were used. In the acute toxicity trial, the first group was maintained for control purposes, and groups 2a, 3a, and 4a were administered only once with 80 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin, 25 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos and 80 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin combined with 25 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos, respectively, by gavage directly into the stomach. In the chronic toxicity trial, the first group was also maintained for control purposes, while groups 2b, 3b, and 4b were administered daily with 12 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin, 4 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos, and 12 mg/kg.bw of cypermethrin combined with 4 mg/kg.bw of propetamphos respectively, by gavage directly into the stomach for 60 days. Blood and tissue (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and testis) samples were taken 24 h after pesticide administration in the acute toxicity trial and at the end of day 60 in the chronic toxicity trial. Oxidative stress (MDA, NO, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and G6PD) parameters, serum biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, protein, and albumin) and hepatic drug-metabolizing parameters (CYP2E1, CYPB5, CYTC, GST, and GSH) were investigated in the samples. When administered either alone or in combination, both pesticides inhibited the antioxidant enzymes and increased MDA and NO levels. For the drug-metabolizing parameters investigated, particularly in the chronic period, either increase (CYP2E1, CYPB5, and CYTC) or decrease (GST and GSH) was observed. Furthermore, some negative changes were detected in the serum biochemical parameters. In result, cypermethrin and propetamphos combinations and long-term exposure to these combinations produced a greater toxic effect than the administration of these insecticides alone. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Does dietary intake of acrylamide affect hydroxyproline levels? An animal study

Acrylamide is a chemical that occurs due to high temperatures during cooking. It consists of an amino acid found in foods and sugars. Studies have shown that cancer formation occurs within the scope of oxidant reagents and DNA damage due to exposure to acrylamide. Our study aims to examine the effects of dietary acrylamide intake on plasma hydroxyproline levels in rats. In this study, 4 groups were formed with 8 rats in each group (total number=32). Blood samples were collected on days 14 and 28. Acrylamide solution was applied to each rat in the treatment group by gastric gavage process at 5 mg/kg three times a week. Hydroxyproline levels in rats' plasma samples were measured. The median (IQR) hydroxyproline levels were 7.40(2.45) µg/L in group 1 (14. days control group) and 7.98(3.34) µg/L in group 2 (14. days acrylamide applied) who received acrylamide. The mean hydroxyproline levels were 7.25(1.96) µg/L in group 3 (28. days control group) and 9.76(2.64) µg/L in group 4 (28. days acrylamide applied) who received acrylamide. No difference was observed between the groups. Dietary acrylamide intake did not have a significant effect on hydroxyproline levels at the application dose and duration in our study. [Med-Science 2022; 11(4.000): 1478-81

The toxic effect of cypermethrin, amitraz and combinations of cypermethrin-amitraz in rats

In this study, the effects of cypermethrin (CYP), amitraz (AMT) and combined cypermethrin-amitraz (CYP-AMT) on some serum biochemical, oxidative stress and drug-metabolising parameters were investigated in male Wistar albino rats. CYP, AMT and combined CYP-AMT were administered at doses of 80 mg kg(-1) bw(-1) of CYP and 170 mg kg(-1) bw(-1) of AMT for 1 day (single dose), and at doses of 12 mg kg(-1) bw(-1) of CYP and 25 mg kg(-1) bw(-1) of AMT for 40 days by oral gavage. Oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), serum biochemical (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, asparatate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin) in blood/tissues (liver, kidney, brain, spleen and testis) and hepatic drug-metabolising (cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase (CYPb5), NADPH-cytochrome c reductase/NADPH cytocrome P450 reductase (CYTC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH)) parameters were measured in liver samples taken on days 1 and 40. In result, it was determined that CYP, AMT and their combinations led to significant changes in the parameters investigated, and it was ascertained that long-term exposure to insecticides and the administration of insecticide combinations produced greater toxic effects in comparison with the administration of insecticides alone

The effects of colostrum on some biochemical parameters in the experimental intoxication of rats with paracetamol

In the current study, the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effects of colostrum (COL) on acute organ injury caused by paracetamol (PAR) in rats were evaluated. Within the scope of this study, a 2-month-old male (150-200 g) 70 Wistar Albino rat was used and a total of seven groups were designed. The first group (CNT) was maintained for control purposes. The second group (COL-1) was given COL for 1 day, at a dose of 500 mg/kg at 6-h intervals, and blood and tissue sampling was performed at 24 h. The third group (COL-7) received COL for 7 days, at a dose of 500 mg/kg at 6-h intervals on day 1 and at a daily dose of 500 mg/kg on the following days, and blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of seventh day. The fourth group (PAR-1) was administered with PAR at a dose of 1.0 g/kg bw and was blood and tissue sampled at 24 h. The fifth group (PAR-7) received PAR at a dose of 1.0 g/kg bw on day 1 and was blood and tissue was removed at the end of day 7. The sixth group (PAR+COL-1) was administered with a combination of PAR (1 g/kg bw) and COL (500 mg/kg at 6-h intervals), and blood and tissue samples were collected at 24 h. The seventh group (PAR+COL-7) received 1.0 g/kg bw of PAR on day 1 and was given COL throughout the 7-day study period (at a dose of 500 mg/kg at 6-h intervals on day 1 and at a daily dose of 500 mg/kg on the following days). In the seventh group, blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of seventh day. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, creatinine, triglyceride, total bilirubin, total protein and albumin levels/activities were analysed in the serum samples. The malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels/activities, known as oxidative stress parameters, were assayed for tissue homogenates and blood (erythrocytes/plasma); in addition, enzyme activities of GSH S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (CYTB5), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), NADPH-cytochrome P450 C reductase (CYTC) and glutathione (GSH) levels/activities defined as drug metabolising parameters were measured in liver homogenates. In result, it was determined that PAR caused significant alterations in some biochemical and lipid peroxidation parameters and the activities/levels of drug metabolising parameters in the liver and that COL normalised some of these parameters and reduced PAR-induced tissue damage

Akciğer Kanserinde serum anti-p53 antikor düzeyinin tanısal ve prognostik önemi var mı?

Amaç: Akciğer kanseri dünya genelinde kansere bağlı ölümlerin önde gelen nedenidir. Tanısal cihazlar ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı tedavi seçeneklerinde ilerlemeye rağmen, akciğer kanseri hastalarında genel mortalite oranı hala yüksektir. Akciğer kanseri hastalarında sağkalım oranları, özellikle ilerlemiş inoperabl hastalıkta, immunoterapi gibi yeni tedavi seçeneklerine rağmen düşüktür. p53, kanser hastalarının %60-70'inde mutasyona uğramaktadır ve bu nedenle son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar göstermektedir ki, serum anti-p53 antikorunun, over, özefagus, meme ve akciğer kanseri gibi bazı kanser türlerinin dedekte edilmesinde biyobelirteç olarak dikkate alınabilir. Bu çalışmada, akciğer kanseri hastalarında, serum anti-p53antikor düzeylerinin tanısal ve prognostik önemini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmaya akciğer kanseri (AK) tanısı nedeniyle evreleme için 18F-FDG-PET / BT görüntüleme amacı ile bölümümüze sevk edilen hastalar, toraks BT'sinde şüpheli pulmoner nodül olup, patolojik FDG birikimi göstermeyen hastalar (NAPN= Non-avid FDG gösteren pulmoner nodül) ve sağlıklı gönüllüler dahil edildi. Serum anti-p53antikor düzeyleri tüm hastalarda ELISA yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Hastaların ortalama takip süresi 13 ay idi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 65 AK hastası (58E/7K), 47 NAPN hastası (20E/27K) ve 34 sağlıklı gönüllü (26E /8K) dahil edildi. Ortalama serum anti-p53antikor seviyeleri AK hastalarında 3.4ng/mL, NAPN hastalarında 3.77ng /mL, sağlıklı gönüllülerde 3.07 ng/ mL idi. AK hastaları ile NAPN hastaları arasında serum anti-p53antikor düzeyi için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p = 0.678). Hatta, hastalar ve sağlıklı gönüllüler arasında serum anti-p53Ab düzeyi için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p = 0.377). Hastaların iki yıllık medyan sağkalımı 14 aydı. Hastaların sağkalım hızında, serum anti-p53Ab düzeyinin > 3.4 ng/ mL veya <=3.4 ng/ mL olmasının herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı bulundu (p = 0.652). Sonuç: Anti-p53antikoru, karsinogeneziste çok önemli olmasına rağmen, serum anti-p53antikor düzeyinin akciğer kanseri tanısında ve sağkalım oranlarında tek başına önemli olmadığını düşünüyoruz. Karsinogeneziste birden fazla faktör vardır ve bu durumun nedeni olabilir. Akciğer kanseri hastalarının teşhisi için serum anti-p53antikor düzeylerinin bilinen bir katof değeri yoktur. Bu nedenle, bu antikorun tümör spesifikliği olmadığını ve serum anti-p53antikor düzeyinin akciğer kanseri taraması için uygun olmadığını düşünüyoruz.Objective: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advancement in diagnostic tools and treatment options with technological developments, overall mortality rates in lung cancer patients remains high. Survival rates in lung cancer patients is low especially in advanced diseased inoperable patients in spite of new treatment options like immunotherapy. p53 is mutated in 60-70% of cancer patients and for this reason has been extensively studied recent researches suggest that serum anti-p53Ab can be considered as biomarkers to detect many types of cancers; as ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer. In this study we aimed that are there any diagnostic and prognostic importance of serum anti-p53Ab levels in lung cancer patients. Method: Patients were included who were referred to our department with the purpose of 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging for staging due to lung cancer diagnosis (LC) and patients who were performed 18F-FDG-PET/CT for diagnosis in the cause of the suspected pulmonary nodule in thorax CT but not detected pathologic FDG accumulation (NAPN=pulmonary nodule with non-avid-FDG) and healthy volunteers. Serum anti-p53Ab levels were measured with ELISA method in the all patients. Mean follow up time of patients were 13 months. Results: A total of 65 LC patients (58M/7F), 47 patients with NAPN (20M/27F), and a total of 34 healthy volunteers (26M/8F) were included in this study. Median serum anti-p53Ab levels are 3.4ng/mL in LC patients, 3.77ng/mL in NAPN patients, 3.07ng/mL in healthy volunteers. There is no statistically significant difference for serum anti-p53Ab level between LC patients and NAPN patients (p=0.678). Moreover there is no statistically significant difference for serum anti-p53Ab level between patients and healthy volunteers (p=0.377). Two-year median survival of patients was 14 month. It has been found that there is no effect of serum anti-p53Ab level whether &gt;3.4 or &lt;=3.4 on the patient survival rate (p=0.652). Conclusions: Even though anti-p53Ab is very important in carcinogenesis, we think that serum anti-p53Ab level by itself is not important in lung cancer diagnosis and survival rates. There are multiple factors in carcinogenesis and this may be the reason of this situation. There is no known cut off value of serum anti-p53 Ab levels for diagnosis of lung cancer patients. Therefore we think that this antibody is not tumor spesific and serum anti-p53 Ab level measurement is not appropriate for lung cancer screening