Deep-Layer Microvasculature Dropout by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Microstructure of Parapapillary Atrophy.

Purpose:To investigate the association between the microstructure of β-zone parapapillary atrophy (βPPA) and parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods:Thirty-seven eyes with βPPA devoid of the Bruch's membrane (BM) (γPPA) ranging between completely absent and discontinuous BM were matched by severity of the visual field (VF) damage with 37 eyes with fully intact BM (βPPA+BM) based on the spectral-domain (SD) OCT imaging. Parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout was defined as a dropout of the microvasculature within choroid or scleral flange in the βPPA on the OCT-A. The widths of βPPA, γPPA, and βPPA+BM were measured on six radial SD-OCT images. Prevalence of the dropout was compared between eyes with and without γPPA. Logistic regression was performed for evaluating association of the dropout with the width of βPPA, γPPA, and βPPA+BM, and the γPPA presence. Results:Eyes with γPPA had significantly higher prevalence of the dropout than did those without γPPA (75.7% versus 40.8%; P = 0.004). In logistic regression, presence and longer width of the γPPA, worse VF mean deviation, and presence of focal lamina cribrosa defects were significantly associated with the dropout (P < 0.05), whereas width of the βPPA and βPPA+BM, axial length, and choroidal thickness were not (P > 0.10). Conclusions:Parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout was associated with the presence and larger width of γPPA, but not with the βPPA+BM width. Presence and width of the exposed scleral flange, rather than the retinal pigmented epithelium atrophy, may be associated with deep-layer microvasculature dropout

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density in Healthy, Glaucoma Suspect, and Glaucoma Eyes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) retinal vasculature measurements in healthy, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma patients.MethodsTwo hundred sixty-one eyes of 164 healthy, glaucoma suspect, and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) participants from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study with good quality OCT-A images were included. Retinal vasculature information was summarized as a vessel density map and as vessel density (%), which is the proportion of flowing vessel area over the total area evaluated. Two vessel density measurements extracted from the RNFL were analyzed: (1) circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) measured in a 750-μm-wide elliptical annulus around the disc and (2) whole image vessel density (wiVD) measured over the entire image. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy.ResultsAge-adjusted mean vessel density was significantly lower in OAG eyes compared with glaucoma suspects and healthy eyes. (cpVD: 55.1 ± 7%, 60.3 ± 5%, and 64.2 ± 3%, respectively; P < 0.001; and wiVD: 46.2 ± 6%, 51.3 ± 5%, and 56.6 ± 3%, respectively; P < 0.001). For differentiating between glaucoma and healthy eyes, the age-adjusted AUROC was highest for wiVD (0.94), followed by RNFL thickness (0.92) and cpVD (0.83). The AUROCs for differentiating between healthy and glaucoma suspect eyes were highest for wiVD (0.70), followed by cpVD (0.65) and RNFL thickness (0.65).ConclusionsOptical coherence tomography angiography vessel density had similar diagnostic accuracy to RNFL thickness measurements for differentiating between healthy and glaucoma eyes. These results suggest that OCT-A measurements reflect damage to tissues relevant to the pathophysiology of OAG

Comparison of the cardiovascular presentations, complications and outcomes following different coronaviruses' infection: A systematic review

Manifestations caused by coronavirus family have presented it in many ways during the previous years. The aim of this systematic review was to gather all possible cardiovascular manifestations of the coronavirus family in the literature. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and ProQuest which were updated on May 1, 2020 for the last time. Regarding to the novelty and speed of publications on COVID-19, we searched Google Scholar and also references of included studies and review articles in the systematic search results were searched manually. The searched keywords were the combination of the following MeSH terms: "COVID-19", "SARS", "MERS"and "cardiovascular presentation". The systematic review was registered with ID CRD42020180736 in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). After screening, 28 original articles and ten case studies (five case reports and five case series) were included. Most of the studies were focused on COVID-19 (20 original articles and five case studies) while the only studies about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was a case report. Almost all the cardiovascular presentations and complications including acute cardiac injury, arrhythmias and the thrombotic complications were more prevalent in COVID-19 than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and MERS. The cardiac injury was the most common cardiovascular presentation and complication in COVID-19 whereas thrombotic complications were commonly reported in SARS. The cardiac injury was the predictor of disease severity and mortality in both COVID-19 and SARS. Coronavirus 2019 may present with cardiovascular manifestations and complications in signs and symptoms, laboratory data and other paraclinical findings. Also, cardiovascular complications in the course of COVID-19 may result in worse outcomes. © 2021 The Author(s)

Investigation of the peroxide value of oils used in bistros (West of Iran)

Abstract Frying food is one of the most admired methods to make instant cuisine among people because of its taste and color, as well as the crispy texture creation. Hydrogen peroxide which is the result of frying, causes various diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiac and cerebral ischemia, aging and liver disorders. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the amount of peroxide in the oils used in bistros in western Iran. This descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the restaurants in western Iran. In this study, 81 samples of consumable oils gathered according to the standard of 493 Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research. After transferring the samples to the laboratory, there peroxide value was measured according to the standard number 4179 and data was entered in Excel and SPSS version 16 for further analyses. Out of 81 samples, 59% (48 samples) from consumable samples at the standard level and 41% (33 samples) of the non-consumable samples higher than the standard rate of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. While cooking, the consumable oil average peroxide value was 5.72, without a night and day breakdown (in general). In addition, the lowest and highest peroxide oxidation was 0 and 29 mEq/kg. According to Mann-Whitney test, there was no significant difference between the amounts of peroxide in consumable oils. Some evidence shows the non-compliance with hygiene issues that are related to oil consumption. This requires more supervision and continuous sampling and testing. © 2018, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

HRS white paper on clinical utilization of digital health technology.

This collaborative statement from the Digital Health Committee of the Heart Rhythm Society provides everyday clinical scenarios in which wearables may be utilized by patients for cardiovascular health and arrhythmia management. We describe herein the spectrum of wearables that are commercially available for patients, and their benefits, shortcomings and areas for technological improvement. Although wearables for rhythm diagnosis and management have not been examined in large randomized clinical trials, undoubtedly the usage of wearables has quickly escalated in clinical practice. This document is the first of a planned series in which we will update information on wearables as they are revised and released to consumers

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Survey of Caustic Ingestion Symptoms in Children

Introduction: Complications of caustic ingestion swallowing in children of singe to gullet severe  stricture and andoscopic actions and multiple surgeries Is different that increase the risk of gastrointestinal perforation and gastrointestinal malignancies ..... Because Acid substances have  bad taste and these are tissue coalescence in location of contact thus attribute alkali make lose of injury. In other words,alkalis substance are weak and attribute to acids make a more severe tissue damage.but,in any form, acids  and alkalis conscious Serious damage to the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the esophagus if swallowed. Pipe solutions, batterie water, disinfectant, liquid bleach, detergen, salt ink,….are torrid substance that make a esophageal burns fairly common in children. Results: Acidic or alkaline Caustic ingestion in children 1 to 5 years old. Severe burns Ingestion pipe , battery water, solid, strong alkaline compound that is used as a pipe ) are more common . house hold bleach swallowing ,shampoo,Soap in low value make a little damage to the gastrointestinal tract; but how ever this children in first opportunities should Be examined  by physician. Materials and Methods: This study is review of studies motor research google, pubmed, web of knowledge, science direct, Cochrane and were used of key words: symptoms, swallow, torrid substances, children.   Conclusions: torrid substances Swallowing in children often occurs randomise. Symptoms include runny mouth, restlessness , difficulty or painful swallowing , vomiting blood, abdominal pain and mouth burns and lips . Note that inflammation may be a little sore around the mouth and inward  lips  not seen the baby's mouth , but contemporary, severe burns of the esophagus exist should be taken to the phisision. The most effective action about torrid substances Swallowing by children ,is  prevent it. Due to the importance in many national poisoning , provide specialized information . Due to the caustic ingestion in children is easily preventable , it is necessary importance to family physicians and the public Health Personnel be clear. Media , newspapers , radio and tv  have effective role in increasing awareness poisoning , especially the poisoning by acids substances. Key words: Children, Symptoms, Swallow, Torrid Substances

SPEED UP THE PROCESS OF HEALING THE OPEN WOUNDS BY LOW POWER HE-NE LASER RADIATION

Introduction: Reducing pain and enhancement of wound healing have several advantages. Wound healing is a complicated but regular process that includes synchronized and organized phenomena such as paranchyma cells migration, proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Rate of wound healing is affected by various factors. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of low power He-Ne laser radiation (630 nm), on metabolic process, cellular proliferation and finally wound repairment.
 Methods: In our research, about 50 healthy and mature rats were studied by experimental method. After shaving, small cuts (10 mm) were made at the neck. Then they were divided randomly into control and case groups. The rats of the case group were radiated by He-Ne laser in the wounds about 4 minutes each day. After a week, we did wound autopsy of both groups and all the specimens were studied microscopically.
 Results: The findings showed that there were significant increase in the fibroblasts and connective tissue fibers and also vascularisation in the case group compared with the control group.
 Discussion: Wound healing in the case group was accelerated and wound diameter was smaller significantly. So, low power He-Ne laser radiation accelerates wound healing process

Feasibility of the modified constraint-induced movement therapy in patients with median and ulnar nerve injuries: A single-subject A-B-A design

Objective: The present study aimed to determine feasibility and efficacy of the modified constraintinduced movement therapy on upper limb function in patients with median and ulnar nerve injuries. Design: Single subject, A1-B-A2 design. Setting: Occupational therapy outpatient clinic. Subjects: A convenience sample including three patients with median and ulnar nerve injuries. Interventions: Modified constraint-induced movement therapy as follows: an intensive practice with affected hand for one hour daily, five days per week, for four weeks while the healthy hand was immobilized using a splint during waking hours. Main measures: Semmes-weinstein monofilaments, Box and block test, and Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire. A blinded assessor administered the assessments in a random order across sessions, six times for the baseline phase (A1), four times for the intervention phase (B), and four times for the withdrawal phase (A2). Results: Touch perception did not occur after the intervention phase at the pulp of the index and little fingers. Manual dexterity and motor ability significantly improved (Box and block change scores exceeded the minimal detectable change of 5.5 blocks), as well performance in activities of daily living during real life (Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire change scores exceeded the clinically important change value of 20.9 points). These improvements maintained and even enhanced during the withdrawal phase. Conclusions: Modified constraint-induced movement therapy is a feasible and useful adjunct to rehabilitation of the patients with median and ulnar nerve injuries that warrants further research. © The Author(s) 2014