Reconstruction of Teacher Training Management Model From the Perspective of Group Dynamics

With the implementation of teacher education reform worldwide, the effectiveness of teacher training has become a new focus. In this paper, based on group dynamics theory, a teacher training management mode based on the group dynamic mechanism is constructed, and the teachers’ internal psychological tension is stimulated through dynamic driving mechanism, the group cooperative learning atmosphere is maintained by static condensation mechanism, and the teachers’ learning activity efficiency is guaranteed by the norm constraint mechanism, thus restoring the subject status of teachers in the training, arousing their intrinsic vitality, and improving training efficiency

Room-Temperature Processing of Inorganic Perovskite Films to Enable Flexible Solar Cells

Inorganic lead halide perovskite materials have attracted great attention recently due to their potential for greater thermal stability compared to hybrid organic perovskites. However, the high processing temperature to convert from the non-perovskite phase to cubic perovskite phase in many of these systems has limited their application in flexible optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a room temperature processed inorganic PSC based on CsPbI2Br as the light harvesting layer. By combing this composition with key precursor solvents, we show that the inorganic perovskite film can be prepared by the vacuum-assist method under room temperature conditions in air. Unencapsulated devices achieved the power conversion efficiency up to 8.67% when measured under 1-sun irradiation. Exploiting this room temperature process, flexible inorganic PSCs based on an inorganic metal halide perovskite material is demonstrated.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, and supplemental informatio

Implementation Deviation and Correction of the Kindergarten Teacher Qualification System in China

Deviancies such as perfunctoriness, addition, defect and substitution exist in the aspect of kindergarten teacher qualification system in China during its implementation. Implementation deviation of the system stands in the way of achieving institutional objectives, which are certainly a breach of normal institutional order. In the ways of establishing professional group for the recognition of qualifications, perfecting supervision and accountability mechanism, enhancing the operability of kindergarten teacher qualification system and so forth, the effective implementation of kindergarten teacher qualification system in China will then be guaranteed

Researches on China Preschool Education Teachers’ Participatory Training Mode

As the concept of participatory training has been disseminated to pedagogy area, traditional preschool teacher training continuously conflicts with such training of modern mode. In China, in the field of preschool education, participatory training for teachers has been established gradually. This mode is centered on group dynamics to form a constant group dynamics system under the interactive checks and balances of three mechanisms of driving force: the driving force, the cohesive force and the binding force. This thesis mainly elaborates the basic key elements of group structure on the basis of the participatory training mode’s dynamics structure and operation mechanism, and in detail analyzes the main guarantee conditions for healthy operation of the participatory training mode

Análise de estratégias de tradução relativamente à terminologia da medicina tradicional chinesa com particular referência ao 温热论 – Wen Re Lun

O presente trabalho visa encontrar abordagens e estratégias úteis para a tradução chinês-português da terminologia da medicina tradicional chinesa (MTC), tendo em especial consideração a sua natureza metafórica, imprecisa e polissémica. Para atingir este objetivo, analisa-se, segundo a teoria de estrangeirização e domesticação, um conjunto de experiências de tradução chinês-inglês neste domínio para efeitos de referência e traduz-se a primeira metade de um texto clássico nesta área – o Wen Re Lun, mediante a qual se pretende descobrir estratégias práticas para a tradução no âmbito da MTC. A tradução do clássico no presente trabalho tem como objetivo transmitir precisamente informações quanto ao texto e à terminologia e no seu processo destacam-se os seguintes pontos: a preferência do decalque entre todas as abordagens, especialmente para a tradução dos termos ligados a diagnósticos, teorias essenciais, mecanismos e causas de doenças, sendo todos subdomínios que refletem o pensamento e o raciocínio peculiares da MTC; a prevalência da preservação das estruturas da terminologia; a utilização de termos correspondentes da medicina ocidental. Tendo em conta a natureza da terminologia da MTC e tendo como objetivo impulsionar o desenvolvimento da sua tradução chinês-português, apresenta-se ainda um conjunto de propostas. Sugere-se que, para a tradução da terminologia metafórica, se examine o valor das metáforas nas língua e cultura de chegada e que só se preserve metáforas que facilitem o entendimento dos conceitos para os leitores. Entende-se que, para termos de estrutura simples que não possuam uma correspondência suficiente entre o sentido literal e a sua conotação, poder-se-á traduzi-los livremente a partir das suas definição e estrutura como se fosse atribuir uma designação nova numa outra língua para o conceito. Considera-se que, para termos com informações subentendidas, será necessário o suplemento destas informações para transmitir ideias clara e precisamente; e para termos imprecisos e polissémicos, será da responsabilidade dos tradutores esclarecê-los no processo de tradução. Propõe-se ainda que, para a terminologia medicinal, se traduza com transliteração em pinyin e acompanhada ainda com o latim, decalque ou tradução livre dependentemente de determinado termo. Assinala-se, para além disso, a existência de uma grande necessidade de estabelecimento de uma nomenclatura padronizada em português, que possa contribuir para tornar a tarefa de tradução mais sistemática e fácil.The present work aims to find useful approaches and strategies for Chinese-Portuguese translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terminology, taking into special consideration its metaphorical, vague and polysemic nature. To achieve this goal, a set of Chinese-English translation experiences in this field is analyzed for reference purposes according to the foreignization and domestication theory, and the first half of a classical text in this area – Wen Re Lun – is translated by the author for the purpose of discover practical strategies for translation in the context of TCM. The translation of the classic in the present work tends to convey precisely information from the text and the terminology, and in this process the following points stand out: the preference for calque among all approaches, especially for the translation of terms linked to diagnoses, essential theories, mechanisms and causes of diseases, all of which are subdomains that reflect the thoughts and ratiocination peculiar to TCM; the prevalence of preserving the structures of the terminology; the use of corresponding terms from Western medicine. Taking into account the nature of the terminology and aiming to boost the development of Chinese-Portuguese translation of TCM terminology, a set of proposals is also presented. It is suggested that, for the translation of metaphorical terminology, the value of metaphors in the target language and culture should be examined, and that only metaphors that facilitate readers' understanding of the concepts should be preserved. It is further understood that for terms with a simple structure that do not have a sufficient correspondence between the literal meaning and its connotation, they may be freely translated from its definition and structure as if assigning a new designation in another language to the concept. It is further considered that for terms with implied information, supplementation of this information will be necessary to convey ideas clearly and precisely; and for vague and polysemic terms, it will be the responsibility of the translators to clarify them in the translation process. It is further proposed that the medicinal terminology should be translated with transliteration in pinyin and further accompanied with Latin, calque or free translation depending on a given term. It is also pointed out that there is still a great need for the establishment of a standardized nomenclature in Portuguese, which may contribute to making the task of translation more systematic and easier