Individuality-Based Identity and Relatedness-Based Identity: An Analysis of the Characteristics of Adolescent Interpersonal Relations

本研究では,近年重要な視点として取り上げられている「個」としてのアイデンティティと「関係性」に基づくアイデンティティから青年理解を試みた。研究Iでは,大学生175名を対象にして,先行研究を参考に「個」と「関係性]の視点を含む新たなアイデンティティ尺度を作成した。因子分析の結果,3因子15項目からなる「個」としてのアイデンティティ尺度と,3因子13項目からなる「関係性」に基づくアイデンティティ尺度が構成された。しかし,「個」としてのアイデンティティと「関係性」に基づくアイデンティティとを完全に分離することは難しいことが示された。研究IIでは,大学生295名を対象にして,作成した2つの尺度の妥当性と信頼性を検討した。作成した尺度を用いてクラスタ分析を行ったところ,4つのクラスタが抽出された。その後,対象者のうち20名を対象にして,対人関係に関する質問項目からなる半構造化面接を行い,4クラスタの実際の対人関係に見られる相違を検討した。結果の整理にはKJ法を用い,最終的に各クラスタ3〜5個のカテゴリーが抽出された。それらを比較・検討した結果,青年期のアイデンティティにおける「個」の側面は,自他の融合感の少なさと幅広い他者との関係を求める傾向として表れること,「関係性」の側面は,他者を自己とは独立した存在として認識し,親密な関係を築くことができる傾向として表れることが明らかになった。The purpose of this study was to understand adolescents in terms of individual-based identity and relatedness-based identity. In Study 1, university students answered a questionnaire regarding their identity. Based on an analysis of these data, a scale was constructed consisting of 15 items related to individuality based identity and 13 items related to relatedness based identity. Differentiation of these two aspects of identity was shown to be difficult. In Study 2, university students completed the questionnaire derived from Study 1, and the scale's validity and reliability were confirmed. A semi-structured interview containing questions related to interpersonal relations was conducted with 20 of the participants from Study 2, to clarify differences between the 4 groups of items formed by cluster analysis. The "KJ" (Kawakita Jiro) Method was used to organize the interview data, and revealed 3-5 categories. The results indicated that in individuality based identity one has little assimilation with others, and seeks wide interpersonal relationships. In contrast, in relatedness based identity one perceives oth ers as independent from oneself and has the ability to from intimate relationships

Female Workers in Japan: Opportunities & Challenges

This study is based on a survey of male and female workers in organizations in and around Nagoya, Japan. It provides insights into gender issues within Japanese business organizations. The study finds that the female managers in Japan assess the managerial skills of women more positively than do their male counterparts. Business organizations in Japan are male-dominated and little is done to help women fit into the business culture. This is especially true when one considers the number of females in management ranks. Female workers in Japanese businesses perceive that they make many positive contributions to the workplace, such as focusing on process rather than just results, paying attention to details, showing compassion and care in decision making, expressing willingness to “go an extra mile,” being sensitive to human relations, and offering a fresh perspective to business problems. It is not popular in Japan for females to use legal means against accepting a slower rate of advancement to cope with gender-bias

Subjective and objective assessment of sleep behaviors of Japanese mothers and their 5- to 7-month-old infants

13301甲第5281号博士（保健学）金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstract 以下に掲載：Journal of Wellness and Health Care 44(2) pp.35-44 2021. ウェルネス・ヘルスケア学会. 共著者：Yuko Yamada, Shizuko Omot

Subjective and objective assessment of sleep behaviors of Japanese mothers and their 5- to 7-month-old infants

13301甲第5281号博士（保健学）金沢大学博士論文本文Full 以下に掲載：Journal of Wellness and Health Care 44(2) pp.35-44 2021. ウェルネス・ヘルスケア学会. 共著者：Yuko Yamada, Shizuko Omot

High Ratio of 44Ti/56Ni in Cas A and Axisymmetric Collapse-Driven Supernova Explosion

The large abundance ratio of $^{44}Ti/^{56}Ni$ in Cas A is puzzling. In fact, the ratio seems to be larger than the theoretical constraint derived by Woosley & Hoffman (1991). However, this constraint is obtained on the assumption that the explosion is spherically symmetric, whereas Cas A is famous for the asymmetric form of the remnant. Recently, Nagataki et al. (1997) calculated the explosive nucleosynthesis of axisymmetrically deformed collapse-driven supernova. They reported that the ratio of $^{44}Ti/^{56}Ni$ was enhanced by the stronger alpha-rich freezeout in the polar region. In this paper, we apply these results to Cas A and examine whether this effect can explain the large amount of $^{44}Ti$ and the large ratio of $^{44}Ti/^{56}Ni$. We demonstrate that the conventional spherically symmetric explosion model can not explain the $^{44}$Ti mass produced in Cas A if its lifetime is shorter than $\sim$ 80 years and the intervening space is transparent to the gamma-ray line from the decay of $^{44}$Ti. On the other hand, we show the axisymmetric explosion models can solve the problem. We expect the same effect from a three dimensionally asymmetric explosion, since the stronger alpha-rich freezeout will also occur in that case in the region where the larger energy is deposited.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX text and 3 postscript figure

Mechanisms Underlying the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia is high, and life expectancy is shorter by 10 to 20 years. Metabolic abnormalities including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the main reasons. The prevalence of T2DM in patients with schizophrenia may be epidemiologically frequent because antipsychotics induce weight gain as a side effect and the cognitive dysfunction of patients with schizophrenia relates to a disordered lifestyle, poor diet, and low socioeconomic status. Apart from these common risk factors and risk factors unique to schizophrenia, accumulating evidence suggests the existence of common susceptibility genes between schizophrenia and T2DM. Functional proteins translated from common genetic susceptibility genes are known to regulate neuronal development in the brain and insulin in the pancreas through several common cascades. In this review, we discuss common susceptibility genes, functional cascades, and the relationship between schizophrenia and T2DM. Many genetic and epidemiological studies have reliably associated the comorbidity of schizophrenia and T2DM, and it is probably safe to think that common cascades and mechanisms suspected from common genes' functions are related to the onset of both schizophrenia and T2DM. On the other hand, even when genetic analyses are performed on a relatively large number of comorbid patients, the results are sometimes inconsistent, and susceptibility genes may carry only a low or moderate risk. We anticipate future directions in this field

Tributyltin Inhibits Neural Induction of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Tributyltin (TBT), one of the organotin compounds, is a well-known environmental pollutant. In our recent study, we reported that TBT induces mitochondrial dysfunction, in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through the degradation of mitofusin1 (Mfn1), which is a mitochondrial fusion factor. However, the effect of TBT toxicity on the developmental process of iPSCs was not clear. The present study examined the effect of TBT on the differentiation of iPSCs into the ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ layers. We found that exposure to nanomolar concentration of TBT (50 nM) selectively inhibited the induction of iPSCs into the ectoderm, which is the first step in neurogenesis. We further assessed the effect of TBT on neural differentiation and found that it reduced the expression of several neural differentiation marker genes, which were also downregulated by Mfn1 knockdown in iPSCs. Taken together, these results indicate that TBT induces developmental neurotoxicity via Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSCs

Rate capability of lithium intercalation into nano-porous graphitized carbons

Nano-porous graphitized carbons were successfully prepared by using mono-dispersed SiO2 colloidal crystal as a template and mesophase pitch as a carbon source with final heat treatment temperatures (HTT) of 1000?2500 °C. Rate capability of lithium intercalation/de-intercalation of the nano-porous graphitized carbons was investigated. 35?60% of capacities were retained when the current density was increased from 37.2 mA g? 1 to 372 mA g? 1. Electrochemical impedance spectra indicated that formation of SEI layers caused increased polarization

Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek dengan Pendekatan Jelajah Alam Sekitar sebagai Model Perkuliahan Fisiologi Hewan

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji efektivitas penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis projek (Project Based Learning/PBL) dengan pendekatan Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) pada perkuliahan Fisiologi Hewan bagi mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi. Penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperimen dengan desain one shot case study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi dan sebagai sampel adalah mahasiswa semester 4 Prodi Pendidikan Biologi rombel 1,2,dan 3 tahun ajaran 2010 / 2011 yang mengambil mata kuliah Fisiologi Hewan. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Sebagai variabel bebas adalah penerapan model PBL dengan pendekatan JAS, sedangkan sebagai variabel terikat adalah efektivitas model pembelajaran yang diterapkan dilihat dari hasil belajar, aktivitas siswa dan keterlaksanaan kegiatan yang diprogramkan. Sumber data penelitian adalah mahasiswa. Data yang diambil adalah nilai ujian tulis, nilai laporan, nilai presentasi , aktivitas mahasiswa serta tanggapan keterlaksanaan PBL dengan pendekatan JAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PBL dengan pendekatan JAS telah dapat mencapai indikator-indikator yang ditetapkan yaitu mahasiswa yang memperoleh nilai minimal B mencapai 70%, tanpa nilai D dan E, mahasiswa dengan kriteria keaktifan pada kategori tinggi dan sangat tinggi mencapai minimal 80%, dan tingkat keterlaksanaan kegiatan dalam pembelajaran berbasis projek dengan pendekatan JAS mencapai 80%. Simpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran berbasis projek dengan pendekatan JAS pada perkuliahan Fisiologi Hewan efektif diterapkan

Low fat intake is associated with pathological manifestations and poor recovery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to clarify whether dietary deviation is associated with pathological manifestations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS: Dietary intake was estimated in 35 HCC cases before and after hospitalization by referencing digital camera images of each meal. Pathological conditions were evaluated in nitrogen balance, non-protein respiratory quotient (npRQ), neuropsychiatric testing and recovery speed from HCC treatment. RESULTS: On admission, nitrogen balance and npRQ were negative and less than 0.85, respectively. Five patients were judged to have suffered from minimal hepatic encephalopathy that tended to be associated with a lowered value of npRQ (p = 0.082). The energy from fat intake showed a tendency of positive correlation with npRQ (p = 0.11), and the patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy took significantly fewer energy from fat (p = 0.024). The energy difference from fat between diets at home versus those in the hospital showed a significant positive correlation with npRQ change after admission (p = 0.014). The recovery speed from invasive treatments for HCC showed a significant negative correlation with npRQ alteration after admission (p = 0.0002, r = −0.73). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the lower fat intake leads to deterioration of energy state in HCC patients, which associates with poor recovery from invasive treatments and various pathological manifestations