Effects of blocked and periodic interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and affective responses among college students

Physical activity (PA), defined as any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal level, is negatively associated with adverse health outcomes and positively associated with health and fitness. However, 46% of all American adults are not meeting aerobic PA guidelines (i.e., 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, or equivalent combination), and of those not meeting guidelines, more than half do not engage in any purposeful aerobic PA whatsoever.Perceived lack of time is the most cited barrier to PA in young adults and may partially explain the above findings. Interval training (IT) has emerged as an effective, time-efficient mode of exercise to potentially attenuate the time barrier, thus enabling young adults to meet PA guidelines. The purpose of this study was to compare different weekly frequencies of interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness adaptations and affective responses among university students. Fourteen students were recruited and randomly assigned into a six-week exercise intervention group. The “blocked” group (HIIT1) performed the weekly recommended exercise volume in one session every week. The “periodic” group (HIIT3) performed the same volume spread out across three weekly sessions. The intensity of the intervention sessions was set at 80% of V̇O2max for each participant. Baseline and post-intervention graded exercise testing were conducted to compare differences in cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2max) improvements. Affective responses were assessed by rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the Feeling Scale (FS) and were measured within the intervention. Both groups experienced significant (p 0.05 for both), whereas the HIIT1 group experienced decreases in RPE (-2.4 ± 0.4, p = 0.02) and increases in FS score (+3.6 ± 0.8, p = 0.008). The present study demonstrated that the V̇O2max improvement was greater in the HIIT3 group compared to the HIIT1 group even with matched relative intensity and weekly exercise volume. Additionally, the HIIT3 group had more adaptive affective responses throughout the intervention. These findings suggest that spreading a weekly volume of exercise across multiple days may be superior to completing it in one session in terms of both cardiorespiratory fitness improvement and affective responses

Regnase-1は、肺胞マクロファージにおいてIL-6及びPDGF mRNAの分解を介して肺動脈性肺高血圧症を制御する

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第24313号医博第4907号新制||医||1062(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 平井 豊博, 教授 伊達 洋至, 教授 濵﨑 洋子学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

テロメア及びテロメラーゼを標的としたがん治療法及びがん診断法の開発

テロメラーゼによるテロメアDNA伸長反応（テロメラーゼ反応）は細胞のがん化を導く。そこで本研究では、テロメラーゼ反応の阻害によるがん治療法及び、 テロメラーゼ活性測定を介したがん診断法の開発を行った。１．がん治療法の開発：テロメアDNAにより形成されるG-quadruplex構造に結合するリガンドは、テロメラーゼ反応を阻害することが知られている。しかし従来のG-quadruplexリガンドの多くは、細胞内では染色体二本鎖DNAとも非特異的に結合するため、競合的にG-quadruplexへの結合が阻害される。さらに最近、細胞内の分子クラウディング（Molecular Crowding：MC）環境による水の活量低下も、G-quadruplexリガンドの結合を阻害することが報告された。そこでこれら阻害要因に対するG-quadruplexリガンドの官能基、中心金属、π平面の大きさの影響について系統的に解析した。その結果、アニオン性官能基を有するフタロシアニンは、 二本鎖DNAとは静電的に反発するため、G-quadruplexへの特異性が高いことが見出された。さらにアニオン性フタロシアニンはG-quadruplexに結合する際に水分子を取り込まないため、水の活量低下によるG-quadruplexへの結合阻害が生じないことが示された。そのためアニオン性フタロシアニンは、大量の二本鎖DNA存在下 及びMC条件下においてもテロメラーゼ反応を効率よく阻害することが示された。以上の結果は、アニオン性フタロシアニンが細胞核内においても効率よくテロメアDNAのG-quadruplexに結合し、テロメラーゼ反応を阻害することを示唆している。２．がん診断法の開発：従来のテロメラーゼ活性測定技術は、テロメラーゼ反応とPolymerase Chain Reaction（PCR）を組み合わせた手法である。そのため生体試料中のPCR阻害分子によって擬陰性結果が生じることがあった。そこで本研究では、テロメラーゼ反応後の反応産物を磁性ビーズ上に固定化、洗浄することで、PCR阻害分子を取り除く手法を開発した。さらにその後に行うPCRの産物をサイクリングプローブ法によって高感度に検出する方法を開発した。その結果、これらの手法を組み合わせることによってPCR阻害分子である胆汁酸、ビリルビン、ヘモグロビン存在下においても、阻害の影響を受けることなくがん細胞中のテロメラーゼ活性を測定できることが示された。また、検出感度50細胞という非常に高い感度でがん細胞を検出できることが示された。甲南大学平成25年度(2013年度

Quick Assessment on the Integrated Livestock Farming System in the Agro-ecological Zone of Manokoari West Papua

A modern livestock development needs clarity and state construction, boundary, types and its dynamic production. An explorative study with survey method through Participative Rural Appraisal for one month has been used to gain recordings on resources owned by the farmers in the agroecological zone of Manokwari, including North Manokowari, South Manokwari, Warmare, Prafi, Masni, Oransbari, Ransiki, Anggi dan Minyambouw. Agroecological characteristics were tabulated using Microsoft Office Visio. Using simple matrix, grouping was carried out according to the criteria, i.e. livestock commodity, crops commodity, fishery commodity, and biophysical components. The findings of this study were that integrated livestock farming systems in the agroecological coastal area was cattle palm farming system (cocobeef) and crops livestock farming system. In addition, backyard poultry farming system was also identified. The farming systems developed in the low-land area were cattle palm farming system, pig palm farming system, goat farming system, poultry farming system and crops livestock farming system. In highland agroecological zone, crop pig farming system, poultry farming system dan backyard cattle farming system have been developed

Identifikasi Sistim Peternakan di Manokwari, Papua Barat-Indonesia

Pembangunan peternakan yang moderen membutuhkan kejelasan dan ketegasan batasan, corak dan dinamika produksinya. Penelitian eksploratif dengan metode survei melalui pendekatan Participative Rural Appraisal selama satu bulan dilakukan untuk mencatat sumberdaya yang dimiliki oleh para peternak berdasarkan kawasan agro-ekologi di Manokwari, yang meliputi Manokwari Utara, Manokwari Selatan, Warmare, Prafi, Masni, Oransbari, Ransiki, Anggi dan Minyambouw. Karakteristik agroekologi dibuat dengan software Microsoft Office VISIO. Matriks sederhana digunakan untuk pengelompokan kriteria komoditi ternak, komoditi pertanian, dan komoditi perikanan dan indikator BioFisik. Sistim peternakan terpadu yang dapat diidentifikasi pada wilayah agroekologi pesisir adalah sistim peternakan sapi berbasis tanaman kelapa (cocobeef) dan tanaman pertanian (crops livestock farming system) serta backyard poultry farming system. Pada daerah dataran rendah sistim yang dikembangkan adalah cattle-palm farming system, pig palm farming system, goat faming system, poultry farming system dan Crops livestock farming system. Pada kawasan Agroekologi Dataran Tinggi, Crop Pig Farming System, Poultry Farming System dan Backyard Cattle farming system sudah dikembangkan

Understanding the Objectives of Pigs Farming Development in Arfak Tribe Farmers, West Papua

The multifunction of pigs for the Papuan are divergences and interelated. This study was aimed to seek the objectives of keeping pigs by Arfak tribe and to find the trend relationships of economical and socio-cultural components determining the development of pig farming systems in Manokwari. A one-month field research was done at Manokwari Barat district. Quiztionaire was the tool used to record and collect the data. Snowball method was applied to chose the pig farmer participants and 60 respondents were participated. Several variables were quantified to measure the percentages of socio-cultural and economicalobjectives. The finding shown that income generation, savings barter were the subsequent components shaping the economic objectives and while organic fertilizer and biofertilizer resulted from manure were not applied yet. Although dung was frequently produced and spreaded at the pig house and around backyard. Socio-culture was done in the means of merrital prices, peaceness, gift and parties, respectively. The other findings were that the alternation of pig development indicated by herd size had positive relationship with the two motives. Similar relationship was shown by number of aided farmers. Hence, the changes of pig farming systems, e.g. extensive to semi-intensive and/or intensive to semi-intensive had shown weak relationship

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Siswa pada Materi Aritmatika Sosial Ditinjau dari Aspek Kognitif dan Afektif

Education is the most important thing for humans, in the development of science and technology which is proliferating. One of the sciences that has an important role in the world of education is mathematics. Mathematics is a science obtained by reasoning using a clear, precise, and accurate meaning. This study aimed to describe students' learning difficulties in social arithmetic in terms of cognitive and affective aspects. The method used in this research is qualitative. The researchers obtained many students who experienced incompleteness in answering the story questions given from the research results. The cause of student incompleteness is that students experience many mistakes or difficulties in answering social arithmetic questions. Students have difficulties in answering questions, namely the average student has difficulty in arithmetic operations, does not memorize formulas, and long story questions make them confused and have difficulty working on the test questions