On the Kirātārjunīya 2.45: Yāpayati reconsidered

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Development of MC/MO combined method and its application to the solvent effects on the electronic structure of (CH[3])[2]NO radical in solutions

On t.p. "[3]" is subscript; on t.p. "[2]" is subscriptThesis (Ph. D. in Science)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 2580, 2001.3.23Includes bibliographical reference

Two dimensional Fourier Transformation

　Image processing is discussed for RAW format in digital cameras. The points are (1) suppression of noises, (2) amplifier of colors, (3) projection of dynamic range. Base technique is Fourier transformation in finite period. The expression is known as for multi-dimensional forms. However, if it is applied simply for image photographed in fields, he/she would get less information than his/her expectation. The reason is to make inappropriate preprocessing for Fourier transformation. We propose preprocessing about (1~3) points; and as several typical cases, we show the effects.\n　Figures and graphs are drawn by using full color. The true images will be got from Web-pages

Environmental information extracted from satellite images:Aspects of Sea and Atmosphere

To extract environmental information from published satellite pictures, computer approaches are discussed. Satellite images are given as time-series multi-spectrum bands, and include many phenomena. To analyze a target event, others must be eliminated. The approaches are projection, compositing, intensity-ordering hold non-linear transformations, etc., which are defined by mathematical expressions. We apply them to see hue changes on the sea surfaces, and to detect reactions in the air between dust and moisture. Processing images get significant in relations with environmental knowledges and experiences

Detection of invisible SPM distribution in the sky

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is dusts in the atmosphere, which exists from ancient times. Nowadays, they have two origins that are natural and artificial. The diameter is distributed between 1 ~ 10 μm. Natural SPM is almost soil particles, and includes bacteria and virus on the surfaces. Artificial SPM is industry by-products; that is, complex matters over one hundred kinds of compounds. Even if SPM is under the gravity, the falling speed is negligible, and it moves as well as the gas. As property of small particles, it attracts many substances. If SPM moves through polluted air, it transports contamination matters towards leeward. The phenomenon is found beyond countries. An example is the yellow sand arising from Taklamakan desert flows until Greenland. SPM is a meteorological word. We hear it as “PM2.5” in various media. Very concentrated SPM makes the sky be cloudy. The phenomenon is not found yet in Japan. Existence of dilute SPM is detected as hazy sky, which degree is small. Therefore; we detect the haze by using digital cameras. We have observed the SPM at Norikura observatory from 2011 until 2016. This is a report of the digital measurements and discussions of the image processing. Where, conception of physical color, meaning of color-ratio, contouring image approach as extraction of character of targets, two dimensional Fourier Transformation are discussed.\n Figures are drawn by using full color. The true images will be got from Web-pages

Light Transport Refocusing for Unknown Scattering Medium

2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition,Stockholm, Sweden,24-28 Aug. 2014In this paper we propose a new light transport refocusing method for depth estimation as well as for investigation inside scattering media with unknown scattering properties. Propagated visible light rays through scattering media are utilized in our proposed refocusing method. We use 2D light source to illuminate the scattering media and 2D image sensor for capturing transported rays. The proposed method that uses 4D light transport can clearly visualize shallow depth, as well as deep depth plane of the medium. We apply our light transport refocusing method for depth estimation using conventional depth-from-focus method and for clear visualization by descattering the light rays passing through the medium. To evaluate the effectiveness we have done experiments using acrylic and milk-water type scattering medium in various optical and geometrical conditions. Finally, we show up the results of depth estimation and clear visualization, as well as with numeric evaluation

Heme breakdown and ischemia/reperfusion injury in grafted liver during living donor liver transplantation

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) requires ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which can cause early graft injury. However, the detailed mechanism of I/R injury remains unknown. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism and results in the production of iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin IXα. Furthermore, in animals, HO-1 has a protective effect against oxidative stress associated with I/R injury. However, in humans, the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of HO-1 remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that exhaled CO levels increase during LDLT, and postulated that this may indicate I/R injury. In this study, we elucidate the origin of increased exhaled CO levels and the role of HO-1 in I/R injury during LDLT. We studied 29 LDLT donors and recipients each. For investigation of HO-1 gene expression by polymerase chain reaction and HO-1 localization by immunohistological staining, liver biopsies from the grafted liver were conducted twice, once before and once after I/R. Exhaled CO levels and HO-1 gene expression levels significantly increased after I/R. In addition, HO-1 levels significantly increased after I/R in Kupffer cells. Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between exhaled CO levels and HO-1 gene expression levels. These results indicated that increased heme breakdown in the grafted liver is the source of increased exhaled CO levels. We also found a significant relationship between HO-1 gene expression levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels; i.e., the higher the HO-1 gene expression levels, the higher the ALT levels. These results suggest that HO-1-mediated heme breakdown is caused by I/R during LDLT, since it is associated with increased exhaled CO levels and liver damage

A Technical Pitfall of the Smiley-Face Rod Method

The smiley-face rod method has been reported to be a successful technique for reducing slippage and repairing pars defects in lumbar spondylolisthesis. However, we encountered a patient who developed right L5 radiculopathy with muscle weakness after use of the smiley-face rod method. The patient was a 19-year-old female judo player who had undergone direct repair surgery using the smiley-face rod method for terminal-stage lumbar spondylolysis. Postoperatively, she developed paresthesia on the lateral side of the right thigh with weakness of the right tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus. Computed tomography showed right foraminal stenosis at L5 with the floating lamina shifted ventrally and apophyseal ring fracture. In this case, the spondylolysis fracture angle differed between the left and right sides, with the fracture line on the right side running more sagittally. As a result, the floating lamina was shifted ventrally on the right side by compression and the right L5 intervertebral foraminal space was narrowed due to the ventral shift in the floating lamina and the apophyseal ring bone fragment. The shape of the fracture line should be examined carefully before surgery to avoid this technical pitfall

Impact of lymph node dissection on clinical outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Inverse probability of treatment weighting with survival analysis

Background: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) has been established as a critical risk factor for prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The clinical implications of lymph node dissection (LND) have been debated. This study aimed to clarify the prognostic impact of LND by multicenter retrospective analysis. Methods: A total of 310 ICC patients who had undergone curative resection between 2000 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic impact of LND was estimated under an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach using propensity scores. Results: LND was performed for 224 patients (72%), with LNM pathologically confirmed in 90 patients (40%). Prognosis was poorer for patients with LNM (median survival, 16.9 months) than for those without (57.2 months; P Conclusions: LND could have a significant role to play in improving oncologic outcomes. Therapeutic LND should be implemented on the basis of tumor location and tumor advancement