The formulation of carvedilol transdermal patch with resin gum as rate control

Carvedilol is widely prescribed for long-term hypertension treatment. It is rapidly absorbable by oral administration, but its bioavailability is merely about 20% in humans. Drug delivery is therefore imperative to overcome this weakness. One form of transdermal drug delivery system is a patch. Transdermal patch is composed of various systems, for instance, a reservoir that uses a rate control layer to manage the rate of drug release. This research aimed to observe the effect of using resin gum as the control of drug release rate on the physical characteristics and release of carvedilol in a transdermal patch. The patches were prepared in 5 formulas with different quantities of resin gum, namely 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg. Afterward, they were evaluated physically, and their dissolution and diffusion rates were analyzed. The results showed that resin gum with concentrations of 150 mg and 200 mg was physically qualified for rate control. Besides, the results of dissolution and diffusion tests revealed that transdermal patches with 150 mg of resin gum exhibited the best drug release and penetration

Effect of Increasing Concentrations of Tween 80 and Sorbitol as Surfactants and Cosurfactans Against the Physical Stability Properties of Palm Oil Microemulsion

Palm oil is one of the fatty oil can used as the oil phase in the microemulsion system. The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of increasing concentration of combination of surfactant and cosurfactant on the physical stability of palm oil microemulsion. This oil was formulated into microemulsion system by increasing concentration of combination of tween 80 and sorbitol (1:1) in various concentrations, which were 54%, 56%, 58% and 60% as surfactant and cosurfactant component. The evaluation included organoleptic, viscosity test, pH, density, surface tension and particle size and zeta potential test. The pH showed in the range 5.8 to 6.4. Viscosity value obtained between 637.47 to 808.20 Cps. Density measurement were between 1.1123 to 1.1235 g/ml. The results of surface tension obtained between 39.76 to 43.07 dynes/cm. The results of particle size measurement results obtained from 21.27 to 23.97 nm and the zeta potential between −10.28 to −18.03. It can be concluded that the increasing of concentration of surfactant and cosurfactant can improve physical stability of the microemulsion

The formulation of carvedilol transdermal patch with resin gum as rate control

Carvedilol is widely prescribed for long-term hypertension treatment. It is rapidly absorbable by oral administration, but its bioavailability is merely about 20% in humans. Drug delivery is therefore imperative to overcome this weakness. One form of transdermal drug delivery system is a patch. Transdermal patch is composed of various systems, for instance, a reservoir that uses a rate control layer to manage the rate of drug release. This research aimed to observe the effect of using resin gum as the control of drug release rate on the physical characteristics and release of carvedilol in a transdermal patch. The patches were prepared in 5 formulas with different quantities of resin gum, namely 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg. Afterward, they were evaluated physically, and their dissolution and diffusion rates were analyzed. The results showed that resin gum with concentrations of 150 mg and 200 mg was physically qualified for rate control. Besides, the results of dissolution and diffusion tests revealed that transdermal patches with 150 mg of resin gum exhibited the best drug release and penetration