Algorithms for neutrosophic soft decision making based on EDAS and new similarity measure

This paper presents two novel single-valued neutrosophic soft set (SVNSS) methods.First, we initiate a new axiomatic definition of single-valued neutrosophic simlarity measure, which is expressed by single-valued neutrosophic number (SVNN) that will reduce the information loss and remain more original information

THE FUNCTIONAL REGULATION OF FCRN EXPRESSION AND FCRN-MEDIATED ANTIGEN PRESENTATION

The neonatal Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn), a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related molecule, plays an important role in IgG transport and protection. The transport of IgG across epithelial and endothelial barriers and the IgG homeostasis maintained by FcRn contributes to the effective humoral immunity. Thus, the level of FcRn itself will affect the IgG-associated immune responses. Although FcRn is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types, the extent to which FcRn expression is regulated by immunological and inflammatory events remains unknown.I showed here that FcRn was up-regulated by the stimulation of inflammatory cytokines or Toll-like receptor ligands in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and THP-1 cell line. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, I identified three NF-κB binding sites within introns 2 and 4 of the human FcRn gene. These intronic binding sites boost FcRn transcription activities through looping with the promoter region. In contrast, FcRn expression was down-regulated by Th1 cytokine IFN-γ, and the down-regulation of FcRn was not caused by apoptosis or the instability of FcRn mRNA. It has been demonstrated that IFN-γ activated STAT1 bound with GAS sequence in human FcRn promoter, and which blocked the transcriptional machinery. Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) expressed in macrophages (MФ) and dendritic cells (DCs) can mediate antigen presentation in both MHC class II and MHC class I pathways. We tested here the role for FcRn in antigen presentation of IgG-restricted Immune complexes (ICs). It was observed that the expression of FcRn in MФ, but not in DC enhanced the phagosomal ICs antigen presentation to CD4 T cells. A low pH value in phgosome of MФ facilitated FcRn binding to ICs, stabilizing the antigens and promoting the efficient MHC II-peptide assembly. However, the alkalized phagosomes in DC failed FcRn to enhance the antigen presentation of ICs

Short Code-based One-out-of-Many Proofs and Applications

In this work, we propose two novel succinct one-out-of-many proofs from coding theory, which can be seen as extensions of the Stern\u27s framework and Veron\u27s framework from proving knowledge of a preimage to proving knowledge of a preimage for one element in a set, respectively. The size of each proof is short and scales better with the size of the public set than the code-based accumulator in \cite{nguyen2019new}. Based on our new constructions, we further present a logarithmic-size ring signature scheme and a logarithmic-size group signature scheme. Our schemes feature a short signature size, especially our group signature. To our best knowledge, it is the most compact code-based group signature scheme so far. At 128-bit security level, our group signature size is about 144 KB for a group with $2^{20}$ members while the group signature size of the previously most compact code-based group signature constructed by the above accumulator exceeds 3200 KB

Further tests of asset pricing models: Liquidity risk matters

The recent asset pricing literature has largely neglected liquidity risk since the price-impact-based factor shows limited pricing ability. Using different liquidity factors, this paper evaluates the liquidity-risk-based models together with the non-liquidity-based ones. With the new testing procedures and the different testing portfolios, we find that the liquidity-augmented capital asset pricing model (LCAPM) performs well. It yields a significant liquidity risk premium robust to all the other models. The success of the LCAPM lies in the fact that the trading-discontinuity-based factor captures the systematic nature of liquidity risk. It shows that liquidity risk is priced highly during the down and turmoil markets, whereas all the other factors examined exhibit insignificant risk prices when market volatility is high. Our evidence indicates that liquidity risk matters and the LCAPM is preferable to use for investment decision making, financial market research and regulation

Research on UBI Auto Insurance Pricing Model Based on Parameter Adaptive SAPSO Optimal Fuzzy Controller

Aiming at the problem of “dynamic” accurate determination of rates in UBI auto insurance pricing, this paper proposes a UBI auto insurance pricing model based on fuzzy controller and optimizes it with a parameter adaptive SASPO. On the basis of the SASPO algorithm, the movement direction of the particles can be mutated and the direction can be dynamically controlled, the inertia weight value is given by the distance between the particle and the global optimal particle, and the learning factor is calculated according to the change of the fitness value, which realizes the parameter in the running process. Effective self-adjustment. A five-dimensional fuzzy controller is constructed by selecting the monthly driving mileage, the number of violations, and the driving time at night in the UBI auto insurance data. The weights are used to form fuzzy rules, and a variety of algorithms are used to optimize the membership function and fuzzy rules and compare them. The research results show that, compared with other algorithms, the parameter adaptive SAPAO algorithm can calculate more reasonable, accurate and high-quality fuzzy rules and membership functions when processing UBI auto insurance data. The accuracy and robustness of UBI auto insurance rate determination can realize dynamic and accurate determination of UBI auto insurance rates

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Adolescents’ Physical Activity from the Perspective of Social Cognitive Theory

Abstract: Objective: To make a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the influencing factors of adolescent physical activity from the perspective of social cognitive theory (SCT) model. Methods: the databases at home and abroad were searched, and 18 literatures meeting the requirements were included. The effect quantities were combined by Stata 15.0 software and analyzed by subgroup. Results: (1) SCT model could predict physical activity in a moderate degree (R2 = 17%, P < 0.01, z = 7.59). (2) Meta-analysis of the literature including self-efficacy, barrier self-efficacy, social support and social status showed that these factors were significantly correlated with physical activity (N ≥ 75%). (3) Influenced by different regions, gender and statistical methods, there are heterogeneity among the research results. Conclusion: SCT model can predict adolescent physical activity to a moderate extent; self efficacy, barriers self-efficacy, social support and social status are the key indicators to predict physical activity; affected by different regions, gender and cultural environment, the prediction results of SCT model on adolescent physical activity are different

Does a firm's supplier concentration affect its cash holdings?

High supplier concentration (SC) of a firm can weaken the firm's bargaining power, which reduces its profitability and internal funds. Also, high SC likely increases the firm's exposure to supply shocks, which results in high costs of external financing. Consequently, high-SC firms will incline to hold more cash due to the precautionary concern. However, there is little research into the effect of SC on cash holdings. This paper investigates how SC affects cash holdings with Chinese firms over 2009-2016. We find that a firm's cash holding increases with its SC. Further investigations show that this positive relation stems from the unfavorable impact of SC on trade credit and equity financing. Our results are robust to different tests including the instrumental variable approach and the propensity score matching. Our findings are new to the literature and help to explain the cash holding puzzle. Our study also indicates that choosing supplier concentration adequately is important in maintaining a firm's financial health

The effects of Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PurposeTo systematically evaluate the effect of Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of science databases for literature pertaining to Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SGLT2 inhibitors in treating type 2 diabetes patients. The retrieval time was from the date of establishment of the databases to September 1, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 software.ResultsTotally 551 patients were included in 10 articles. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, the visceral adipose tissue (WMD = -16.29 cm2, 95% CI: -25.07 ~ -7.50, P&lt;0.00001), subcutaneous adipose tissue (WMD = -19.34 cm2, 95% CI: -36.27 ~ -2.41, P&lt;0.00001), body weight (WMD = -2.36 kg, 95% CI: -2.89 ~ -1.83, P&lt;0.00001) and triglyceride (WMD = -24.41 mg/dl, 95% CI: -45.79 ~ -3.03, P = 0.03) of the trial group significantly reduced.ConclusionSGLT2 inhibitors cause significant reductions in visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, body weight and triglycerides in type 2 diabetes patients, which may be attributed to the protective effect of the inhibitors on cardiovascular system