ENHANCEMENT OF WOUND HEALING BY TOPICAL APPLICATION OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR IN ANIMAL MODEL

Objective: Wound healing is a complex process of biological events involving re-epithelialization and granulation that are mainly mediated by several endogenously released growth factors such as epidermal growth factor. This work was undertaken to study the effects of various doses of locally applied recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on wound healing in rats. Methods: Recombinant human EGF consists of 53 amino acids. In vitro, rhEGF promoted its obvious cell growth and proliferation when added to cultured 3T3 cells using MTT assay. In the test groups, in vivo, wound sites were given daily with a solution containing 2, 5, 10, 50ug of EGF spray and 40ug of EGF ointment, respectively. Results: Current study presented evidence that a significant decreased healing time in wound was observed in all rhEGF groups when compared with the control, and reach to its maximal efficacy at 10ug/ml of rhEGF spray. The rate of wound closure was over 50% at initial 3 days of treatment. Treatment with rhEGF significantly decreased the length of time to over 50% healing by approximately 4-5 days, and that to 70% and 90% healing by approximately 3-4 days and 3 days, respectively. A stimulatory, dose-dependent effect of EGF on wound healing was observed with increased hEGF concentration. In toxicological group, higher doses of 100ug/ml of rhEGF spray was applied by local dorsal incision in rats. Moreover, a dose of single 200ug, single 300ug or 300ug within 24 hrs of subcutaneous and intramuscular rhEGF injection was given respectively. There were no significant adverse side effects. Conclusion: Current study recommended a proposal of clinical drug doses in wound at 2µg, 5 µg and 10 µg /ml of rhEGF spray, and 10 µg and even higher 40 µg rhEGF/g of ointment. The results indicated that prepared rhEGF by genetic engineering in current study is safe, and is emerging in clinical effective use in assisting wound healing time.                             Peer Review History: Received 8 January 2020;   Revised 12 February; Accepted 2 March, Available online 15 March 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh , Tanta University, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: POTENTIAL OF SNAKEHEAD FISH (OPHIOCEPHALUS STRIATUS) IN ACCELERATING WOUND HEALIN

Legged robot gait locus generation based on genetic algorithms

Achieving an effective gait locus for legged robots is a challenging task. It is often done manually in a laborious way due to the lack of research in automatic gait locus planning. Bearing this problem in mind, this article presents a gait locus planning method using inverse kinematics while incorporating genetic algorithms. Using quadruped robots as a platform for evaluation, this method is shown to generate a good gait locus for legged robots. Copyright © held by author

Morphology Analysis and Characteristics Evaluation of Typical Super Abrasive Grits in Micron Scale

Distribution characterization of geometry shape and size of abrasive grits with high quality in tight size band and exact pattern is crucial for modern tool manufacturer to make fine powder abrasive tool and other powder tools, but complex to be classified and evaluated accurately due to the lack of scientific method. In contrast to industrial methods with sieving mesh size or simplified projection criteria with circumscribed (inscribed or escribed) circle or rectangle, a set of new systemic criteria is developed and validated by measuring three representative grits samples in micron scale under 2D/3D microscopy platform. The features of micron abrasive grits under morphology classification include total four groups, six subgroups and eighteen sub-types in consideration of spatial geometry and statistical size distribution. For grinding performance analysis and simulation, it would be better to use a set of dominant volumetric geometries rather than use single simple geometry. Furthermore, the significance of abrasive grits geometries in grinding performance is discussed

Development and validation study of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk scoring model among adults in China

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases in China. It is usually asymptomatic and transabdominal ultrasound (USS) is the usual means for diagnosis, but it may not be feasible to have USS screening of the whole population. Objective: To develop a risk scoring model for predicting the presence of NAFLD using parameters that can be easily obtain in clinical settings. Methods: A retrospective study on the data of 672 adults who had general health check including a transabdominal ultrasound. Fractional polynomial and multivariable logistic regressions of sociodemographic and biochemical variables on NAFLD were used to identify the predictors. A risk score was assigned to each predictor using the scaled standardized β-coefficient to create a risk prediction algorithm. The accuracy for NAFLD detection by each cut-off score in the risk algorithm was evaluated. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in our study population was 33.0% (222/672). Six significant factors were selected in the final prediction model. The areas under the curve (AUC) was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78–0.85). The optimal cut-off score, based on the ROC was 35, with a sensitivity of 76.58% (95% CI: 70.44–81.98%) and specificity of 74.89% (95% CI: 70.62–78.83%). Conclusion: A NAFLD risk scoring model can be used to identify asymptomatic Chinese people who are at risk of NAFLD for further USS investigation.published_or_final_versio

Deformation of the Fermi surface in the extended Hubbard model

The deformation of the Fermi surface induced by Coulomb interactions is investigated in the t-t'-Hubbard model. The interplay of the local U and extended V interactions is analyzed. It is found that exchange interactions V enhance small anisotropies producing deformations of the Fermi surface which break the point group symmetry of the square lattice at the Van Hove filling. This Pomeranchuck instability competes with ferromagnetism and is suppressed at a critical value of U(V). The interaction V renormalizes the t' parameter to smaller values what favours nesting. It also induces changes on the topology of the Fermi surface which can go from hole to electron-like what may explain recent ARPES experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 ps figure

Gene and protein expression of glucose transporter 1 and glucose transporter 3 in human laryngeal cancer—the relationship with regulatory hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression, tumor invasiveness, and patient prognosis

Increased glucose uptake mediated by glucose transporters and reliance on glycolysis are common features of malignant cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α supports the adaptation of hypoxic cells by inducing genes related to glucose metabolism. The contribution of glucose transporter (GLUT) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity to tumor behavior and their prognostic value in head and neck cancers remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of GLUT1, GLUT3, and HIF-1α messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein expression as markers of tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in laryngeal cancer. The level of hypoxia/metabolic marker genes was determined in 106 squamous cell laryngeal cancer (SCC) and 73 noncancerous matched mucosa (NCM) controls using quantitative realtime PCR. The related protein levels were analyzed by Western blot. Positive expression of SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and HIF-1α genes was noted in 83.9, 82.1, and 71.7 % of SCC specimens and in 34.4, 59.4, and 62.5 % of laryngeal cancer samples. Higher levels of mRNA/protein for GLUT1 and HIF-1α were noted in SCC compared to NCM (p<0.05). SLC2A1 was found to have a positive relationship with grade, tumor front grading (TFG) score, and depth and mode of invasion (p<0.05). SLC2A3 was related to grade and invasion type (p<0.05). There were also relationships of HIF-1α with pTNM, TFG scale, invasion depth and mode, tumor recurrences, and overall survival (p<0.05). In addition, more advanced tumors were found to be more likely to demonstrate positive expression of these proteins. In conclusion, the hypoxia/metabolic markers studied could be used as molecular markers of tumor invasiveness in laryngeal cancer.This work was supported, in part, by the statutory fund of the Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Łódź, Poland (506/811), and by grant fromtheNational Science Council, Poland (N403 043 32/2326)

PTEN transcript variants caused by illegitimate splicing in “aged” blood samples and EBV-transformed cell lines

PTEN is one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. Mutations occur in either heritable or sporadic fashion. Sequencing of cDNA from patients and normal individuals often reveals splicing variants (SVs) of PTEN, some of which are non-mutation related. To investigate whether these SVs were the result of illegitimate splicing (a general decrease of fidelity in splicing site selection in “aged” samples), we tested “aged” blood from individuals who had normal PTEN transcripts in their “fresh” mononuclear cells. Blood from 20 normal individuals was collected and split into two aliquots. Total RNA and DNA were extracted immediately (“fresh”) and 48 h later (“aged”), respectively. Using RT-PCR, subcloning and sequencing, we found seven types of SVs. No mutation was detected in the related intron–exon flanking region in genomic DNA in either “fresh” or “aged” samples. Some of the SVs were also consistently present in both the “fresh” and “aged” EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells from six normal individuals. Western blot data indicated that the PTEN protein level (in full length) was not altered in the “fresh” EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells with SVs. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that PTEN illegitimate splicing often occurs in “aged” blood and EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells. Therefore, it is critical to note the time point of RNA extraction when investigating for PTEN aberrant transcripts. We hope that our data will increase awareness about the sample status, because gene expression data may be potentially flawed from “aged” samples, particularly when dealing with clinical samples

Purification and bioactivity of exendin-4, a peptide analogue of GLP-1, expressed in Pichia pastoris

Exendin-4, a peptide analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has been developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Herein, the secretive exendin-4 fusion protein, expressed by methanol induction in Pichia pastoris system, was purified to homogeneity by chromatography followed by enterokinase cleavage of the fusion protein and subsequent purification of the recombinant exendin-4. Purity of the recombinant exendin-4 was 95.6%. Bioactivity assay revealed that it had glucose-lowering and insulin-releasing action in vivo