Hormonal regulation of ecdysis innate behavior in the hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus

In insects, ecdysis sequence is a series of stereotyped innate behaviors performed at the end of each molting period, in order to shed the old cuticle and to emerge as the following stage in the vital cycle. The hormonal regulation of ecdysis has been studied in holometabolous insects; it includes the participation of ecdysteroids and peptidic hormones. However, in spite of the fundamental differences in ecdysis between holometabolous and hemimetabolous, the hormonal regulation of this process has not been characterized in the latter.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Hormonal regulation of ecdysis innate behavior in the hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus

In insects, ecdysis sequence is a series of stereotyped innate behaviors performed at the end of each molting period, in order to shed the old cuticle and to emerge as the following stage in the vital cycle. The hormonal regulation of ecdysis has been studied in holometabolous insects; it includes the participation of ecdysteroids and peptidic hormones. However, in spite of the fundamental differences in ecdysis between holometabolous and hemimetabolous, the hormonal regulation of this process has not been characterized in the latter.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Hormonal regulation of ecdysis innate behavior in the hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus

In insects, ecdysis sequence is a series of stereotyped innate behaviors performed at the end of each molting period, in order to shed the old cuticle and to emerge as the following stage in the vital cycle. The hormonal regulation of ecdysis has been studied in holometabolous insects; it includes the participation of ecdysteroids and peptidic hormones. However, in spite of the fundamental differences in ecdysis between holometabolous and hemimetabolous, the hormonal regulation of this process has not been characterized in the latter.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

The effects of increase the temperature on the foraging of Acromyrmex lobicormis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The leaf-cutting ants appear to be a suitable group for studying the effect of global warming on ectothermic animals. These ants of the Atta and Acromyrmex genera are considered to be the main herbivores in the Neotropics. They have patterns of harvesting associated with ranges of temperature. Acromyrmex lobicornis has the widest geographical distribution in Argentina. Peak activity has always been recorded in spring and at the beginning of autumn, being slightly lower in summer when they forage at night, and activity ceases almost completely in winter. In order to evaluate how an increase in temperature affects the activity of A. lobicornis, we studied the amount of foraging and the trophic preferences in two treatments under controlled humidity and temperature conditions (Δ4.5°C) and we also measured the walking speed of the workers as a function of an increase in temperature (6°C to 32°C).Fil: Tizón, Francisco Rodrigo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Wulff, Juan Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Pelaez, Daniel Valerio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentin

Emotion Regulation in Consumption: Antecedents and Consequences

While people often feel “ruled by their passions,” individuals can and do exert substantial control over their emotional experiences. A growing body of literature in psychology suggests that the various ways emotions are regulated can have considerable impact on both the emotional experience and other psychological processes. Over three essays, this work examines how individuals regulate their emotions, when they are motivated to do so, and why these concepts are important for consumer behavior. In the first essay, I investigate how emotions are managed by looking at one specific emotion regulation strategy: attention deployment. Using experimental methods, I determine that individuals naturally use attention deployment to regulate their emotions, but the effectiveness varies with the emotion being regulated. After establishing attention deployment as a viable emotion regulation strategy, the second essay asks when individuals are motivated to change their emotions. I propose that identities are associated with discrete emotions, and that these associations give rise to emotion profiles that describe appropriate emotional experiences for individuals with that active identity. The studies reported in the second essay establish that social identities have associations to specific emotions, these associations differ between identities, and the emotion-identity relationships lead to outcomes in cognition, affect, motivation, and regulation. Additional experiments demonstrate that individuals engage in emotion regulation to reduce (enhance) their experience of emotions which are inconsistent (consistent) with the identity’s emotion profile. In the third and final essay, I connect emotion regulation and emotion profiles to marketing and consumer outcomes. Four studies show that experiencing emotions consistent with the identity’s emotion profile enhances persuasion, product choice, and consumption—even for identity-unrelated products and advertisements. Ultimately, consequences for the framing and positioning of identity-relevant products are drawn. Across the three essays, I investigate how, when and why emotion regulation processes influence consumer outcomes. From identifying a specific emotion regulation strategy, to introducing the concept of emotion profiles, new insights into the emotion regulation process are provided. These findings suggest that emotion regulation has widespread impact on consumer outcomes, and represents a new viewpoint on how the emotion experience varies by individual

Identification and characterization of soluble binding proteins associated with host foraging in the parasitoid wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata

The communication and reproduction of insects are driven by chemical sensing. During this process, chemical compounds are transported across the sensillum lymph to the sensory neurons assisted by different types of soluble binding proteins: odorant-binding proteins (OBPs); chemosensory proteins (CSPs); some members of ML-family proteins (MD-2 (myeloid differentiation factor-2)-related Lipid-recognition), also known as NPC2-like proteins. Potential transcripts involved in chemosensing were identified by an in silico analysis of whole-body female and male transcriptomes of the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. This analysis facilitated the characterization of fourteen OBPs (all belonging to the Classic type), seven CSPs (and two possible isoforms), and four NPC2-like proteins. A differential expression analysis by qPCR showed that eleven of these proteins (CSPs 2 and 8, OBPs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11, and NPC2b) were over-expressed in female antenna and two (CSP 1 and OBP 12) in the body without antennae. Foraging behavior trials (linked to RNA interference) suggest that OBPs 9, 10, and 11 are potentially involved in the female orientation to chemical cues associated with the host. OBP 12 seems to be related to physiological processes of female longevity regulation. In addition, transcriptional silencing of CSP 3 showed that this protein is potentially associated with the regulation of foraging behavior. This study supports the hypothesis that soluble binding proteins are potentially linked to fundamental physiological processes and behaviors in D. longicaudata. The results obtained here contribute useful information to increase the parasitoid performance as a biological control agent of fruit fly pest species.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Wulff, Juan Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Wulff, Juan Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Devescovi, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Devescovi, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Muntaabski, Irina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Muntaabski, Irina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica; Argentina.Fil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina

The role of neuropeptides in regulating ecdysis and reproduction in the hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus

In ecdysozoan animals, moulting entails the production of a new exoskeleton and shedding of the old one during ecdysis. It is induced by a pulse of ecdysone that regulates the expression of different hormonal receptors and activates a peptide-mediated signalling cascade. In Holometabola, the peptidergic cascade regulating ecdysis has been well described. However, very little functional information regarding the neuroendocrine regulation of ecdysis is available for Hemimetabola, which display an incomplete metamorphosis. We use Rhodnius prolixus as a convenient experimental model to test two hypotheses: (1) the role of neuropeptides that regulate ecdysis in Holometabola is conserved in hemimetabolous insects; and (2) the neuropeptides regulating ecdysis play a role in the regulation of female reproduction during the adult stage. The RNA interference-mediated reduction of ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) mRNA levels in fourth-instar nymphs resulted in lethality at the expected time of ecdysis. Unlike in holometabolous insects, knockdown of eth and orcokinin isoform A (oka) did not affect oviposition in adult females, pointing to a different endocrine regulation of ovary maturation. However, eth knockdown prevented egg hatching. The blockage of egg hatching appears to be a consequence of embryonic ecdysis failure. Most of the first-instar nymphs hatched from the eggs laid by females injected with dsRNA for eclosion hormone (dsEH), crustacean cardioactive peptide (dsCCAP) and dsOKA died at the expected time of ecdysis, indicating the crucial involvement of these genes in post-embryonic development. No phenotypes were observed upon corazonin (cz) knockdown in nymphs or adult females. The results are relevant for evolutionary entomology and could reveal targets for neuropeptide-based pest control tools.Fil: Sterkel, Marcos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Volonté, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Albornoz, Maximiliano Gastón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Wulff, Juan Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Matias, Mariana del Huerto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Terán, Paula Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ajmat, María Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ons, Sheila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentin

Transcriptome analysis of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 males, females, and embryos: insights into development, courtship, and reproduction

Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 is considered a quarantine pest in several American countries. Since chemical control applied in an integrated pest management program is the only strategy utilized against this pest, the development of pesticide-free methods, such as the Sterile Insect Technique, is being considered. The search for genes involved in sex-determination and differentiation, and in metabolic pathways associated with communication and mating behaviour, contributes with key information to the development of genetic control strategies. The aims of this work were to perform a comprehensive analysis of A. fraterculus sp. 1 transcriptome and to obtain an initial evaluation of genes associated with main metabolic pathways by the expression analysis of specific transcripts identified in embryos and adults. Results Sexually mature adults of both sexes and 72 h embryos were considered for transcriptome analysis. The de novo transcriptome assembly was fairly complete (62.9% complete BUSCO orthologs detected) with a total of 86,925 transcripts assembled and 28,756 GO annotated sequences. Paired-comparisons between libraries showed 319 transcripts differently expressed between embryos and females, 1242 between embryos and males, and 464 between sexes. Using this information and genes searches based on published studies from other tephritid species, we evaluated a set of transcripts involved in development, courtship and metabolic pathways. The qPCR analysis evidenced that the early genes serendipity alpha and transformer-2 displayed similar expression levels in the analyzed stages, while heat shock protein 27 is over-expressed in embryos and females in comparison to males. The expression of genes associated with courtship (takeout-like, odorant-binding protein 50a1) differed between males and females, independently of their reproductive status (virgin vs mated individuals). Genes associated with metabolic pathways (maltase 2-like, androgen-induced gene 1) showed differential expression between embryos and adults. Furthermore, 14,262 microsatellite motifs were identified, with 11,208 transcripts containing at least one simple sequence repeat, including 48% of di/trinucleotide motifs. Conclusion Our results significantly expand the available gene space of A. fraterculus sp. 1, contributing with a fairly complete transcript database of embryos and adults. The expression analysis of the selected candidate genes, along with a set of microsatellite markers, provides a valuable resource for further genetic characterization of A. fraterculus sp. 1 and supports the development of specific genetic control strategies.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; ArgentinaFil: Conte, Claudia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Rivarola, Maximo Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Wulff, Juan Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Muntaabski, Irina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina.Fil: Ribone, Andrés Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica; Argentina.Fil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina.Fil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Conte, Claudia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Conte, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rivarola, Maximo Lisandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Wulff, Juan Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Wulff, Juan Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Muntaabski, Irina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Muntaabski, Irina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ribone, Andrés Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Orcokinin neuropeptides regulate ecdysis in the hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus

To grow and develop insects must undergo ecdysis. During this process, the individual sheds the old cuticle to emerge as the following developmental stage. During ecdysis, different programed behaviors are regulated by neuropeptidergic pathways. In general, components of these pathways are better characterized in crustacean and holometabolous insects than in hemimetabola. In insects, the orkoninin gene produces two different neuropeptide precursors by alternative splicing: orcokinin A and orcokinin B. Although orcokinins are well conserved in insect species, their physiological role remains elusive. Here we describe a new splicing variant of the orcokinin gene in the hemimetabolous triatomine Rhodnius prolixus. We further analyze the expression pattern and the function of the alternatively spliced RhoprOK transcripts by means of immunohistochemistry and RNAi-mediated gene silencing. Our results indicate that orkoninis play an essential role in the peptidergic signaling pathway regulating ecdysis in the hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus.Centro Regional de Estudios GenómicosCentro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicad

Hubungan antara kepuasan hubungan romantis dengan intensi berselingkuh pada mahasiswa

<p>[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120492#pone.0120492.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120492#pone.0120492.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>]DrmMS did not retain many of the DrmMS contact sites with DrmMS-R2, consistent with SAR data that indicate the analog is inactive in heart and gut. Thus, taken together, these data indicated [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120492#pone.0120492.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120492#pone.0120492.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>]DrmMS, one less N-terminal residue than [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120492#pone.0120492.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120492#pone.0120492.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>]DrmMS, the active core in heart, did not activate DrmMS-R2, in line with this receptor transducing the DrmMS-R2 signal.</p