Somebody I Used to Know by Wendy Mitchell with Anna Wharton

No abstract available

Somebody I Used to Know by Wendy Mitchell with Anna Wharton

No abstract available

Steam gasification of rapeseed, wood, sewage sludge and miscanthus biochars for the production of a hydrogen-rich syngas

Steam gasification of biochars has emerged as a promising method for generating syngas that is rich in hydrogen. In this study four biochars formed via intermediate pyrolysis (wood pellet, sewage sludge, rapeseed and miscanthus) were gasified in a quartz tubular reactor using steam. The dynamic behaviour of the process and effects of temperature, steam flow and particle size were studied. The results show that increases in both steam flow and temperature significantly increase the dry gas yield and carbon conversion, but hydrogen volume fraction decreases at higher temperatures whilst particle size has little effect on gaseous composition. The highest volume fraction of hydrogen, 58.7%, was obtained at 750 °C from the rapeseed biochar

Review of After the West Was Won: Homesteaders and Town-Builders in Western South Dakota, 1900-1917

After the West Was Won is about pioneering in western South Dakota on land unsettled by agriculturalists before 1900. Lakota hunters and Texas ranchers had lived successfully in this land of bountiful grass. Agricultural settlement, however, was a story of dreams and ambitions thwarted as farmers and townspeople alike learned to make a virtue of living with less than did those who had pioneered earlier frontiers

Recovering Heraclitus: Neglected Religious, Ethical And Political Themes In The Work Of A Pre-Socratic Thinker

The early Greek philosopher Heraclitus writes in a puzzling, cryptic way which makes his ideas difficult to work out. Many commentators are content to make some broad statements about his place in the development of philosophy as a natural philosopher or metaphysician; statements for which there is ample support. In this essay, I argue that we can use Heraclitus’ biography and his historical context to recover his ideas about religion, ethics, and politics. I believe that this method reveals a Heraclitus who was grasping for an early sort of political theory and ethics in response to the turbulent period in which he lived. I also believe that the religious practices at Eleusis and Delphi inspired Heraclitus to express his ideas in the cryptic way that he does. In short, I argue that he was borrowing the oracular ambiguity of Delphi to make his readers metaphorical “initiates” into his ideas in a way that is modeled on the Eleusinian Mysteries. Further, I examine the way in which Heraclitus ideas arguably influenced later thinkers from Democritus to the Stoics. Each taking this or that aspect of Heraclitus’ thought to shape their own ideas about value and/or politics

The Stanley Cemetery Flora (Early Pennsylvanian) of Greene County, Indiana

Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 29Plant macrofossils are found in shales, ironstone concretions, and sandstones that lie immediately above the Lower Block Coal near Stanley Cemetery in Greene County, Ind. The Lower Block Coal lies at the base of the Brazil Formation, which is the uppermost formation in the Pottsville Series (Pennsylvanian) of Indiana. The majority of the 1,917 specimens (86 species) collected for this study were obtained from ironstone concretions in the shales. These concretions, which are similar to those found in the Mazon Creek area of Will and Grundy Counties, Ill., are probably the result of bacterial action centered around the plant fragment in clay. The flora is similar to other Pennsylvanian floras of North America. Such species as Annularia stellata, Sphenophyllum emarginatum, Neuropteris rarinervis, N. flexuosa, Alethopteris serli, Calamites suckowi, and Asterotheca oreopteridia indicate that this flora bears a great resemblance to slightly younger floras, such as the Mazon Creek assemblage from the Carbondale Formation of Illinois. Such species as Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Annularia radiata, Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, Lepidodendron dichotomum, L. wortheni, Palmatopteris furcata, Neuropteris obliqua, Megalopteris dawsoni, and Sigillariostrobus quadrangularis indicate that the flora is not younger than early Allegheny and probably is Kanawha (late Pottsville) in age. Because this assemblange contains both Kanawha taxa and Allegheny entities it is only of general stratigraphic value. This flora also is similar to European floras of Late Carboniferous age, and such species as Sigillaria scutellata, Alethopteris davreuxi, A. decurrens, and Neuropteris obliqua indicate an age equivalent to the floras of Westphalian B deposits.Indiana Department of Conservatio

Review of After the West Was Won: Homesteaders and Town-Builders in Western South Dakota, 1900-1917

After the West Was Won is about pioneering in western South Dakota on land unsettled by agriculturalists before 1900. Lakota hunters and Texas ranchers had lived successfully in this land of bountiful grass. Agricultural settlement, however, was a story of dreams and ambitions thwarted as farmers and townspeople alike learned to make a virtue of living with less than did those who had pioneered earlier frontiers

Fire Protection and Life Safety Analysis- Building 192 – Engineering IV

A Fire Protection and Life Safety Analysis has been performed on California Polytechnic State University Building 192 – Engineering IV as part of a culminating project in the Masters of Science in Fire Protection Engineering program at California Polytechnic State University. This analysis consists of a prescriptive analysis based on current codes and standards as well as a performance-based analysis. A prescriptive analysis evaluates compliance with modern codes and standards and consists of the following five parts: 1)Egress Design and Analysis, 2)Structural Fire Protection, 3)Water-based Fire Suppression, 4)Fire Detection and Alarm Systems, and 5)Smoke Control Systems The purpose of the prescriptive analysis is to determine if Engineering IV complies with the modern codes and standards that would be applicable if the building was constructed in the present. The prescriptive analysis is performed using the 2016 California Building and Fire Codes (CBC and CFC), and well as various NFPA standards adopted by the CBC and CFC. Engineering IV’s means of egress system is evaluated using occupant load factors from the 2016 CBC as well as CPDC Technical Bulletin A/E 17-002, which contains more conservative factors than those originally used based on the 2001 CBC (1997 UBC). The resulting occupant load calculations show that areas previously considered as business use would now be considered flexible assembly space, and that based on the increased occupant loads present the exit capacity is severely non-compliant for the second and third floors of the building. Regardless, the university keeps an emergency planning and preparedness plan in accordance with Chapter 4 of the California Fire Code, and is required to keep the occupant load of the building within the exit capacity limits specified in the original design. Other means of egress requirements such as travel distance, number of exits, exit separation and common path of travel were found to be compliant based on the original design. The building’s fire detection and alarm system was evaluated based on the requirements of the 2016 CBC as well as NFPA 72. Visible appliances are provided in most public use areas; however there is a lack of coverage in the Multi-Disciplinary Dirty Lab, Room 130. Smoke detectors are provided in corridors, classrooms, laboratories and office spaces; however, smoke detectors are not located in the 1st Floor welding lab. The secondary power supply calculations confirm that the Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) is provided with adequate backup power for this application. The building’s automatic sprinkler system was evaluated using the 2016 CBC as well as NFPA 13 and NFPA 25. Hydraulic calculations were performed for the most remote area of the building on the 3rd floor. These calculations show that the sprinkler demand at this location exceeds the water supply provided at the site man. A fire pump has been sized to meet the demand of the sprinkler system. A structural fire protection analysis was performed using the 2016 CBC. The building elements used in the construction of Engineering IV appear to meet or exceed the requirements set by the 2016 CBC. Additionally, the Type IB construction used for this building meets the allowable building height and area requirements of CBC Chapter 5. All building elements and assemblies with required fire-resistance ratings are U.L. listed. The building’s smoke management features are evaluated based on the requirements of 2016 CBC. Engineering IV is provided with all smoke management features required by the 2016 CBC. The 2-hour rated curtain wall sprinklers and glass enclosure at the top of the communicating stair as well as the horizontal fire shutters serve to limit the development of a large smoke plume in the main lobby and eliminate the requirement for mechanical smoke control. Magnetic closing doors, elevator hoistway protection and combination smoke/fire dampers serve to compartmentalize the building and limit the spread of smoke in a fire event. Duct smoke detectors are provided at both air handlers to detect if smoke is being supplied into the building’s HVAC system and allows the fire alarm system to shut down the HVAC system in alarm condition. A performance based analysis was performed to determine if occupants could safety egress from the building in the event of a fire. Two fire scenarios were evaluated using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Pathfinder. The Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) was determined by researching occupant behaviors and by using Pathfinder to model building egress. Tenability criteria were determined based on engineering judgment and used with FDS to determine if unsafe conditions were reached before the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) was reached. Based on the results of the performance based analysis, visibility dropped below 10-meters in both Design Fire Scenarios before the RSET time was reached. As such, Engineering IV does not provide an adequate level of protection for occupants during the time needed to evacuate. To provide a tenable environment for occupants during evacuation, I would recommend providing an engineering smoke control system complying with CBC Section 909 or providing a rated separation between Levels 1 and 2. I also recommend revisiting the location of combustibles in the lobby and main corridor of the building

A social-cognitive model of trait and state levels of gratitude.

Three studies tested a new model of gratitude, which specified the generative mechanisms linking individual differences (trait gratitude) and objective situations with the amount of gratitude people experience after receiving aid (state gratitude). In Study 1, all participants (N = 253) read identical vignettes describing a situation in which they received help. People higher in trait gratitude made more positive beneficial appraisals (seeing the help as more valuable, more costly to provide, and more altruistically intended), which fully mediated the relationship between trait and state levels of gratitude. Study 2 (N = 113) replicated the findings using a daily process study in which participants reported on real events each day for up to14 days. In Study 3, participants (N = 200) read vignettes experimentally manipulating objective situations to be either high or low in benefit. Benefit appraisals were shown to have a causal effect on state gratitude and to mediate the relationship between different prosocial situations and state gratitude. The 3 studies demonstrate the critical role of benefit appraisals in linking state gratitude with trait gratitude and the objective situation