Radar imagery - Salton Sea area, California

Radar imagery and geology of Salton Sea area, Californi

Strong Isospin Breaking in CP-even and CP-odd K -> pi pi Decays

Complete next-to-leading (chiral) order (NLO) expressions for the strong isospin-breaking (IB) contributions in K -> pi pi are used to discuss (1) for CP-even, the impact on the magnitude of the Delta I=1/2 Rule, and (2) for CP-odd, the strong IB correction, Omega_st, for the gluonic penguin contribution to epsilon'/epsilon, with particular emphasis on the strong low-energy constant (LEC) and loop contributions, numerical values for which are model-independent at NLO.Comment: 4 pages. Contribution to the proceedings of the 7th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP), May 22-28 2000, Quebec City, Canada. Uses AIP 6x9 LaTeX styl

Isospin Breaking in the Extraction of Isovector and Isoscalar Spectral Functions from e^+e^- --> hadrons

A finite energy sum rule (FESR) analysis of the isospin-breaking vector current correlator is used to determine the isospin-breaking electromagnetic (EM) decay constants of the low-lying vector mesons. These results are used to evaluate the corrections required to extract the flavor diagonal 33 and 88 resonance contributions from the full resonance EM contributions to the EM spectral function. A large (~15%) correction is found in the case of the omega contribution to the isoscalar spectral function. The implications of these results for sum rules based on the isovector-isoscalar spectral difference are considered.Comment: Presentation to the 3rd International Conference on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics, Adelaide, Mar. 13-17, 200

Global Precedence In Visual Search? Not So Fast: Evidence Instead For An Oblique Effect

The evidence from an earlier report of global precedence in visual search is reexamined, Two new experiments are reported. The results of the first experiment indicate that the confusability of oblique orientations (a class-2 oblique effect) rather than global precedence was responsible for the earlier results. The results of the second experiment show that the effect critically depends on the presence of heterogeneous distracters rather than on differences in raw processing speed for different spatial scales. The possible role of symmetry is discussed

The Intergenerational Effects of Early Childbearing

Since World War II, the average age at which women experience their first birth has drifted up, but since 1986 there has been a resurgence of births to teenagers. Just as early fertility appears to adversely affect the life chances of the teen mother, it may also have negative effects on her children. We hypothesize that when the children of teen mothers are young adults, they will tend to have lower education, and will be more likely to be economically inactive, to have children when they are teens, and to have children out of wedlock when they are teens. In this paper, we present several models designed to reveal the impact that being born to a teenage mother has on children's chances for success as young adults. Our findings indicate that the children of mothers who first gave birth as teens are adversely affected as young adults.

Extensive horizontal gene transfer in cheese-associated bacteria.

Acquisition of genes through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows microbes to rapidly gain new capabilities and adapt to new or changing environments. Identifying widespread HGT regions within multispecies microbiomes can pinpoint the molecular mechanisms that play key roles in microbiome assembly. We sought to identify horizontally transferred genes within a model microbiome, the cheese rind. Comparing 31 newly sequenced and 134 previously sequenced bacterial isolates from cheese rinds, we identified over 200 putative horizontally transferred genomic regions containing 4733 protein coding genes. The largest of these regions are enriched for genes involved in siderophore acquisition, and are widely distributed in cheese rinds in both Europe and the US. These results suggest that HGT is prevalent in cheese rind microbiomes, and that identification of genes that are frequently transferred in a particular environment may provide insight into the selective forces shaping microbial communities

Do Teens Make Rational Choices? The Case of Teen Nonmarital Childbearing

With emphasis on the role of economic incentives, we explore the determinants of a woman’s choice of whether or not to give birth as an unmarried teenager. Our data are taken from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Guided by a simple utility-maximization model, we represent the income possibilities available to teenaged women if they do and do not give birth out of wedlock. We estimate these choice-conditioned income possibilities through a two-stage probit procedure, relying on the observed incomes of a secondary sample of somewhat older women. The response of the young women in our primary sample to these income expectations is measured after controlling for the effects of a variety of other factors, including the characteristics of the girl’s family, the social and economic environment in which she lives (including such policy-related factors as expenditures by states on family planning programs and education), and her own prior choices. We use the estimated structural parameters from our model to simulate the effects of a variety of policy interventions on the probability of becoming an unmarried teen mother. Our estimations provide evidence that income expectations have a persistent influence on the childbearing decision. They also provide evidence that the provision of public family planning expenditures and increases in parental education could reduce the prevalence of teen nonmarital births.

The identification and production of varieties that increase the value of oats as a profitable component of organic production

Two experiments, one comprising husked, and the other naked, oats were established at Wakelyns Agroforestry, Suffolk in October 2004 to determine traits and varieties of oats suited to organic systems, and whether growing variety mixtures conferred any advantage. Unselected F2 breeding lines were also included for selection. Husked varieties had relatively higher yields; this may have been partly the result of poor establishment in the naked varieties. Variety height was found to be an important characteristic; tall oat varieties out-yielded the dwarfs. Two of the three variety mixtures containing the naked oat variety Expression yielded 8 and 9 % higher than the average of the component varieties. The data will be verified in the second year of replicated trials (2005/06), which will include the best performing husked and naked varieties, and a mixture of superior IGER-bred F2 breeding lines

Case-Building Behavior, Persistence, and Emergence Success of \u3ci\u3ePycnopsyche Guttifer\u3c/i\u3e (Walker) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Laboratory and \u3ci\u3ein situ\u3c/i\u3e Environments: Potential Trade-Offs of Material Preference

When removed from their cases in a non-flow laboratory environment, 5th instar Pycnopsyche guttifer (Walker) larvae were always successful in constructing a new case within 24 h when woody debris was present as a material choice. Most were successful within 1 h. Larvae were never successful at case building in the absence of wood in a non-flow environment. These laboratory-constructed ‘emergency cases’ were flimsy, lacking in shape, and larger than field cases. Laboratory case size, shape, and material preference remained constant after repeated daily evacuations over a series of 10 days. Larvae could be induced to construct a case composed of mineral particles only in the absence of wood and when placed in a laboratory stream with simulated flow conditions, or in situ in a natural stream. The emergence success of P. guttifer specimens induced to build these mineral cases, however, was significantly higher than that of larvae remaining in their field cases or of larvae that built wood cases. This result is likely due to a fungal infection that affected only larvae in wood cases. Our results demonstrate a scenario where a clearly non-preferred case construction material appears to increase survival

When young people no longer see the police as procedurally fair, they are more likely to engage in risky behavior and be victimized.

One school of thought suggests that people tend to obey the law because they see police and criminal justice officials as being legitimate. But recent events that have seen police kill unarmed African-Americans have undermined many citizens’ belief in the procedural fairness of law enforcement. In new research, Scott E. Wolfe finds that the decline in trust in the police has consequences for adolescents; those young people who see the police as being procedurally unfair are more likely to engage in criminal behavior and engage in other risky activities which are more likely to lead to their own victimization