Media pressure and the process of Westernization in the context of body self-assessment among young heterosexual and gay Polish men

Mass media and social networks portray a unified image of the perfect male body. The intensity and universality of this influence is an important element of the process of Westernization, especially in traditional cultures such as that of Poland. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the differences between Polish gay and heterosexual men in terms of the role played by self-esteem and the level of internalization of sociocultural standards of body appearance as predictors of the development of their body images. The research study was conducted by reference to 19- to 29-year-old Polish heterosexual (n = 287) and gay (n = 97) men. The variables were measured using Polish versions of the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Scale-3, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire. Statistical analyses identified several variables as the main predictors of body image in both heterosexual and gay young men: self-esteem, information-seeking, perceived pressure and the internalization of sociocultural standards regarding an athletic body image drawn from mass media. The only significant difference between the two groups was the fact that self-esteem, perceived pressure and the internalization of sociocultural standards from mass media did not play a predictive role with respect to Appearance Orientation among the group of gay men

Texture-Governed Cell Response to Severely Deformed Titanium

The phenomenon of superior biological behavior , r it observed in titanium processed by an unconventional severe plastic deformation method, that is, hydrostatic extrusion, has been described within the present study. In doing so, specimens varying significantly in the crystallographic orientation of grains, yet exhibiting comparable grain refinement, were meticulously investigated. The aim was to find the clear origin of enhanced biocompatibility of titanium-based materials, having microstructures scaled down to the submicron range. Texture, microstructure, and surface characteristics, that is, wettability, roughness, and chemical composition, were examined as well as protein adsorption tests and cell response studies were carried out. It has been concluded that, irrespective of surface properties and mean grain size, the (10 (1) over bar0) crystallographic plane favors endothelial cell attachment on the surface of the severely deformed titanium. Interestingly, an enhanced albumin, fibronectin, and serum adsorption as well as dearly directional growth of the cells with preferentially oriented cell nuclei have been observed on the surfaces having (0001) planes exposed predominantly. Overall, the biological response of titanium fabricated by severe plastic deformation techniques is derived from the synergistic effect of surface irregularities, being the effect of refined microstructures, surface chemistry, and crystallographic orientation of grains rather than grain refinement itself

The Evaluation of Deviation Roudness on Coordination Measuring Machine

Import 31/08/2009Tato bakalářská práce obsahuje přehled poznatků o hodnocení a měření odchylky kruhovitosti. V teoretické části jsou popsány odchylky kruhovitosti, příčiny jejich vzniku, způsoby měření a vyhodnocení na konvenčních měřicích zařízeních a souřadnicové měřicí technice. Experimentální část je věnována měření odchylky kruhovitosti v závislosti na technologickém postupu výroby. Cílem práce je vzájemné porovnání odchylky kruhovitosti v závislosti na technologii výroby na konvenčním měřicím zařízení – Talyrond 73 a souřadnicovém měřicím stroji – MORA MS10. Měření bylo realizováno na třech kroužcích z oceli 14 109. Kroužky byly soustružený, kalený a broušený.This bachelor thesis includes summary of knowledge about valuation and measuring roundness deviation. In theoretical part are described deviations of roundness, the causes of their origin, measuring ways and evaluation on conventional measuring machines. Experimental part is devoted to measuring deviation of roundness depending on the technological processing. The target of thesis is mutual comparison of roundness deviation depending on technology of production on conventional measuring machine – Talyrond 73 and coordination measuring machine – MORA MS10. The measurement was realized on three rings from steel 14 109. The rings were turned, case-hardened and grinded.Neuvedenovýborn

Sociocultural body image standards presented by mass media and the body image among young men

Niniejsza praca magisterska ma na celu sprawdzenie czy standardy socjokulturowe wizerunku ciała prezentowane przez media mają wpływ na postrzegany obraz ciała wśród młodych, polskich mężczyzn. Dodatkowymi celami pracy magisterskiej są także: sprawdzenie czy samoocena globalna pełni rolę pośredniczącą w powyżej wspomnianej relacji, czy mężczyźni heteroseksualni różnią się od homoseksualnych oraz biseksualnych postrzeganym obrazem ciała, a także siłą oddziaływania standardów socjokulturowych wizerunku ciała przekazywanych przez media. W referowanym badaniu udział wzięło 384 młodych, polskich mężczyzn. Zostali oni poproszeni o wypełnienie 3 kwestionariuszy badających: obraz ciała (Wielowymiarowy Kwestionariusz do Badania Obrazu Ciała THE MBSRQ), wpływ standardów socjokulturowych (Kwestionariusz Postaw Socjokulturowych Wobec Wyglądu Ciała SATAQ 3) oraz samoocenę (Skala Samooceny M. Rosenberga SES). Dane dotyczące orientacji seksualnej zostały zebrane poprzez wypełnianą przez badanych metryczkę. Analiza statystyczna wyników wykazała, że: 1) standardy socjokulturowe wizerunku ciała prezentowane przez media mają wpływ na postrzegany obraz ciała wśród młodych, polskich mężczyzn; 2) samoocena może pełnić rolę mediatora pomiędzy wpływem standardów socjokulturowych wizerunku ciała prezentowanych przez media a postrzeganym obrazem ciała; 3) mężczyźni heteroseksualni różnią się od mężczyzn nieheteronormatywnych (homoseksualnych oraz biseksualnych) postrzeganym obrazem ciała; 4) mężczyźni heteroseksualni różnią się od mężczyzn nieheteronormatywnych (homoseksualnych oraz biseksualnych) siłą oddziaływania standardów socjokulturowych wizerunku ciała przekazywanych przez media.The main aim of this master thesis is to check whether the sociocultural body image standards presented by the media have an impact on the perceived body image among young Polish men. Additional goals of the master thesis are also: checking whether global self - esteem plays an intermediary role in the above – mentioned relationship, whether heterosexual men differ from homosexual and bisexual men when it comes to perceived body image and also in terms of impact of sociocultural standards of the body presented by the media. 384 young Polish men took part in the reported study. They were asked to complete 3 questionnaires to assess: body image (The Multidimensional Body – Self Relations Questionnaire The MBSRQ), the impact of sociocultural standards (Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance SATAQ 3) and self - esteem (Self – esteem Scale SES). Data on sexual orientation was obtained through a metric filled in by the respondents. Statistic analysis of the results showcased that: 1) sociocultural standards presented by the media affect perceived body image among young Polish men; 2) self – esteem can play an intermediary role between impact of sociocultural standards of body image presented by the media and perceived body image; 3) heterosexual men differ from non – heteronormative men (homosexual and bisexual) when it comes to perceived body image; 4) heterosexual men differ from non -heteronormative men (homosexual and bisexual) when it comes to impact of sociocultural body image standards presented by the media

EGFR/FOXO3a/BIM signaling pathway determines chemosensitivity of BMP4-differentiated glioma stem cells to temozolomide

Brain cancer: Stem cell properties may determine chemotherapy success The properties of individual glioma stem cells (GSCs) may influence the success of chemotherapy in tackling aggressive brain cancer. GSCs promote tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma tumors. One potential treatment approach uses bone morphogenetic proteins to induce GSCs to differentiate into less harmful cells. Once the GSC population has dwindled, chemoresistance reduces in many but not all cases. Jakub Mieczkowski, Bozena Kaminska and co-workers at the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology in Warsaw, Poland, conducted experiments on patient-derived glioblastoma cell cultures. They found that samples with high expression levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein in GSCs showed heightened sensitivity to the chemotherapy drug temozolomide after differentiation. Conversely, low levels of EGFR resulted in chemoresistance being maintained after differentiation, which may explain the failure of chemotherapy in some patients

Modelling particle deagglomeration in a batch homogenizer using full CFD and mechanistic models

Modelling of titanium dioxide deagglomeration in the mixing tank equipped with a high shear impeller is presented in this study. A combination of computational fluid dynamics with population balance was applied for prediction of the final particle size. Two approaches are presented to solve population balance equations. In the first one, a complete population balance breakage kinetics were implemented in the CFD code to simulate size changes in every numerical cell in the computational domain. The second approach uses flow field and properties of turbulence to construct a mechanistic model of suspension flow in the system. Such approach can be considered as an attractive alternative to CFD simulations, because it allows to greatly reduce time required to obtain the results, i.e., the final particle size distribution of the product. Based on experiments shattering breakage mechanism was identified. A comparison of the mechanistic model and full CFD does not deviate from each other. Therefore the application of a much faster mechanistic model has comparable accuracy with full CFD. The model of particle deagglomeration does not predict a very fast initial drop of particle size, observed in the experiment, but it can predict, with acceptable accuracy, the final particle size of the product

Mapping chromatin accessibility and active regulatory elements reveals pathological mechanisms in human gliomas

Chromatin structure and accessibility, and combinatorial binding of transcription factors to regulatory elements in genomic DNA control transcription. Genetic variations in genes encoding histones, epigenetics-related enzymes or modifiers affect chromatin structure/dynamics and result in alterations in gene expression contributing to cancer development or progression. Gliomas are brain tumors frequently associated with epigenetics-related gene deregulation. We perform whole-genome mapping of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation patterns and transcriptome analysis simultaneously in multiple tumor samples to unravel epigenetic dysfunctions driving gliomagenesis. Based on the results of the integrative analysis of the acquired profiles, we create an atlas of active enhancers and promoters in benign and malignant gliomas. We explore these elements and intersect with Hi-C data to uncover molecular mechanisms instructing gene expression in gliomas. Gliomas are tumors often associated with epigenetics-related gene deregulation. Here the authors reveal an atlas of active enhancers and promoters in benign and malignant gliomas by performing whole-genome mapping of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation patterns and transcriptome analysis simultaneously in multiple tumor samples