Factors Cause of Maternal Death in Timor-Leste

Maternal mortality was an indicator of basic health services for mothers or women of reproductive age of a country and was one of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Factors that affect maternal mortality, among others: medical factors, non-medical factors, and health care system factors. Meanwhile, WHO (2010) reported that the cause of maternal mortality in the world is 25% of bleeding, 15% of infection/sepsis, 12% eclampsia, 13% of abortions are unsafe, 8% obstructed and ectopic pregnancy, 8% embolisms and other related issues with anesthetic problems. WHO (2010) has determined that the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in 40 countries ≥ 300 / 100,000 live births including República Democrática de Timor-Leste at 557 / 100,000 live births. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the variables of age, parity, spacing pregnancies, health behavior, and health status of mothers with maternal deaths. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 298 pregnant women in 13 districts throughout Timor-Leste. Results: Maternal deaths are caused by independent variables simultaneously and the remaining 28.0% were prescribed other factors

Pengaruh Pengolahan Tanah dan Pengelolaan Gulma terhadap Populasi Nematoda Parasit Tumbuhan pada Tanaman Ubi Kayu di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Unila

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sistem olah tanah dan pengelolaan gulma serta interaksinya terhadap populasi nematoda parasit tumbuhan pada pertanaman ubi kayu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Lapangan Terpadu Universitas Lampung dari bulan April sampai dengan Oktober 2014. Satuan percobaan berupa petak 4 m x 4 m dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial (2x2) dengan sistem olah tanah sebagai faktor pertama dan pengelolaan gulma sebagai faktor kedua, dengan empat ulangan (kelompok). Sistem olah tanah terdiri dari dua taraf, yaitu olah tanah minimum dan olah tanah intensif. Pengelolaan gulma terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu gulma dikendalikan dengan aplikasi herbisida dengan bahan haktif glfosat dan 2,4 D dan gulma dikendalikan secara manual tanpa aplikasi herbisida. Sampel tanahdiambil ketika ubi kayu berumur 0 bulan sebelum tanam (0 BST) dan 3 bulan setelah tanam (3 BST). Nematoda diekstraksi menggunakan metode penyaringan dan sentrifugasi menggunakan larutan gula, kemudian diidentifikasi sampai pada tingkat genus berdasarkan ciri morfologinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa populasi seluruh nematoda dan nematoda parasit tumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan sistem olah tanah ketika tanaman ubi kayu berumur 0 BST, tetapi populasi tersebut tidak dipengaruhi perlakuan olah tanah ketika tanaman ubi kayu berumur 3 BST. Populasi genus Radopholus dipengaruhi olehperlakuan sistem olah tanah ketika tanaman ubi kayu berumur 0 BST, dan populasi genus Hoplolaimus dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan sistem olah tanah ketika tanaman ubi kayu berumur 3 BST. Populasi seluruh nematoda, nematoda parasit tumbuhan, dan genus nematoda parasit tumbuhan tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan pengelolaan gulma dan interaksinya dengan perlakuan sistem olah tanah baik ketika tanaman ubi kayu berumur 0 BST maupun ketika tanaman ubi kayu berumur 3 BST

Profil Lipid pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus tak Tergantung Insulin (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) yang Disertai Mikroalbuminuria

Lipid profile in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with microalbuminuria To detennine whether non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with microalbuminuria have significant abnormality in lipid profile which could result in increasing the cardiovascular risk, a cross sectional study had been conducted by matching in-patient and out-patient of the Department of Medicine, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta between October 1990 to May 1992. NIDDM patients with urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER) of 30 to 300 mg per 24 hours (microalbuminuria, incipient nephropathy) were matched for age and sex with NIDDM patients with UAER below 30 mg per 24 hours (control group). Venous blood samples were taken to determine blood sugar, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Sex. age. duration of diabetes, relative body weight, retinopathy and neuropathy were also determined. Four groups of 34 NIDDM with microalbuminuria (17 males and 17 females) were found, and 34 controls (17 males and 17 females) were studied. There were no significant difference in age, duration of diabetes, relative body weight and neuropathy. However, retinopathy was significantly higher in diabetic patient with microalbuminuria. No significant difference was found in LDL-cholesterol (122,58 ± 59,09 mg/di vs. 113,55 ± 42,25 mg/di, p = 0,24) and triglyceride (173.91 ± 89.06 mg/dl vs. 164.69 ± 69.69 mg/di, p = 0.31), fasting blood sugar (202.55 ± 87.01 mg/dl vs. 23061 ± 111.93 mg/dl, p = 0.13) and 2 hours after meal (253.91 + 89.46 mg/di vs. 284.38 + 114.40 mg/di, p = 0.11) in both groups. However HDL-cholesterol levels (35.94 ± 13.65 mg/dl vs. 4.3 ± 12.32 mg/di, p = 0.01) was significantly lower and the ratio of total cholesteroVHDL-cholesterol (6.31 ± 3.08 vs. 4.1 ± 1.13, p = 0.00017) was significantly higher in NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria compared to the control group... Key Words: diabetes mellitus - lipid profile - cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - cardiovascular risk factor

The Effectiveness of Communication Learning Activities Based on Tradisional Game Toward the Cognitive Process Dimension

This paper aims to describe the effectiveness of traditional games in improving the cognitive processes of students through communicating activities.This research motivated by the activities of students in the learning process that tend to be passive, so that can have an impact for the the cognitive processes of students.The data that collected in this study is the cognitive process data of IV grade students which is taken by using the essay test which amounted to 17 items According to the basic competencies on the theme of my residence subthema 2 and subtheme 3. The hypothesis was tested by using inferential statistic t test. The results showed that there were significant differences in cognitive processes between groups of students who were educated with learning activities communicating based on traditional games and students taught by conventional learning (t count = 7.50> t table = 2,00).This research has a positive impact to the cognitive processes of students through learning activities to communicate the form of traditional games

Health Behavior and Status Related to Mother's Death in Timor-Leste

Maternal mortality (MMR) in República Democrática de Timor-Leste (RDTL) is still high among developing countries. Meanwhile, the study on the model of the relationship between medical factors, non-medical factors and factors of health care system to reduce these figures has not been done in-depth study and independent. Objective: This study aims to demonstrate health behavior and health status as a contributing factor to maternal deaths throughout Timor-Leste. Methods: The study used a case-control study design study with a retrospective approach to study the correlation dynamics between cause and effect factors. The variables collected include the characteristics, behavior and health status of the mother. Then the odds ratio is calculated to explain the strength of the causal factor influencing the effect. In this study involving 298 pregnant women living as well as the mother's family gave birth to die at 13 Municipios throughout Timor-Leste