Poszerzanie pola słyszenia

Wprowadzenie do 15. tomu Folia Litteraria PolonicaPublikacja dofinansowana przez Wydział Filologiczny U

Julia Hartwig Listens to the Music of Lutheran Composers. Poems: Schütz’s Cantata and Bach’s Cantata

The poems by Julia Hartwig, Schütz’s Cantata from the volume Obcowanie (1987) and Bach’s Cantata from Czułość (1992), constitute a poetic record of the reception of ancient musical works (which are gaining more and more popularity in modern times). The poet is interested in cantatas by Schütz i Bach — religious works of art of two baroque composers from 17th and 18th century, whose artistic activity was strictly connected with Lutheran spirituality and liturgy. For the poet these cantatas are not only the source of aesthetic experience. Its reception (most probably from the radio, recordings or concerts) becomes a great inspiration for existential and religious reflections. It also makes the poet recognise their uniqueness: as being examples of theocentric art and deep religiousness of their composers, these cantatas reveal the ability to harmonise the human psyche, and consequently they seem to be a perfect art form

Investigation of Martensitic Transformation Induced by Cyclic Plastic Deformation in Austenitic Steels

The main goal was to demonstrate the possibility of investigating martensitic transformation induced by plastic strain, especially including the kinetics of this transformation, using selected cross effects. It is commonly known that this type of transformation is a basic “mechanism” occurring in shape memory materials and metastable austenitic steels strengthened with martensite separations. The motivation behind the research was also to follow and visualise the transformation on line, during cyclic loading (fatigue process), without the necessity to use, for example, roentgenographic (destructive) or microscopic methods. The application of the magneto-mechanical effect (the Villari effect) and the thermomechanical effect (the Kelvin/Thomson effect) turned out to be particularly useful because they significantly change with martensite initiation and then accumulate in austenite. Therefore, the goal was to develop the non-destructive methods of investigating martensite transformation, which could then be used on real constructions made of metastable austenite steel. In the case of the magneto-mechanical method, the goal was to additionally visualise the magnetic field transformations along a sample in the function of a loading cycle and the index of this period. To achieve this, high-resolution phase maps were used, which also allowed image processing methods known from machinery visioning (MV) or digital image correlation (DIC) techniques to be used

Skuteczność windykacji wierzytelności a płynność finansowa małego przedsiębiorstwa

The financial fluidity of the small-sized enterprise depends on its ability to realize the sale and effectiveness in executing payments for sold commodities and services. The effectiveness of debt collection plays the fundamental role in forming the financial liquidity of small enterprise. The lack of financial resources in such a company is rarely filled with outside financial funds, rather the own resources of the owner constitute most frequently the complementary source, amongst other there are money surpluses cumulated as an effect of periodic overliquidity. The paper focuses on the defined measure of the effectiveness of debt collection and its influence on the short-term financial liquidity in the small-sized enterprise. The analytical tool, used in this study, was the dynamic econometric model describing the influence of the vindication’s effectiveness on the financial liquidity of small company.Płynność finansowa małego przedsiębiorstwa zależy od jego zdolności realizacji sprzedaży oraz skuteczności egzekwowania należności. Efektywność windykacji wierzytelności odgrywa fundamentalną rolę w kształtowaniu się płynności finansowej małego podmiotu gospodarczego. W artykule podjęto kwestię miesięcznej (krótkookresowej) płynności finansowej małego przedsiębiorstwa oraz oddziaływania na nią zdefiniowanej miary skuteczności windykacji wierzytelności. Narzędziem badania jest dynamiczny model ekonometryczny, opisujący wpływ efektywności windykacji należności na płynność finansową małej firmy

Fiskalne obciążenia zatrudnienia w małym przedsiębiorstwie an tle wydajności pracy

The knowledge about mechanism of shaping costs of labour in the enterprise enables to undertake rational decisions in its all-important areas. Information about these mechanisms should be the subject of interest of state and local government. These authorities are able to modify law regulations in such directions, which enable to prevent potential bankruptcy of many enterprises, small enterprises as well. The trends and mechanism presented in this article take place in many enterprises quite usually. The directions of following changes should not only bother politicians but also incline to refl ection about the condition of many small enterprises in Poland. In the present study the trends and mechanisms of fl uctuations of employment costs in small production enterprise have been presented. These trends were shown on the background of changes of corporate efficiency of labour. Empirical researches have been carried on the base of monthly data coming from 1996–2006. The study instrument was dynamic econometric model.Znajomość prawidłowości kształtowania się kosztów pracy w firmie, w tym fiskalnych kosztów zatrudnienia, pozwala na podejmowanie racjonalnych decyzji dotyczących wszystkich ważnych obszarów życia przedsiębiorstwa. Informacje o tego typu mechanizmach winny być przedmiotem monitorowania przez organy władzy, które mogą modyfikować przepisy prawa w taki sposób, by powstrzymywać ewentualne upadłości firm, w tym również małych. Przedstawione w niniejszej pracy trendy i mechanizmy występują w przedsiębiorstwach dość powszechnie. Kierunki następujących zmian winny nie tylko niepokoić świat polityki, ale też skłonić do refl eksji nad stanem polskiej drobnej przedsiębiorczości. W niniejszej pracy omówiono trendy i mechanizmy wahań fiskalnych obciążeń pracy w małym przedsiębiorstwie wytwórczym na tle zmian zespołowej wydajności pracy. Badania empiryczne zostały przeprowadzone na podstawie danych miesięcznych z lat 1996–2006. Narzędziem badawczym jest dynamiczny model ekonometryczny

The Impact of the 1999 Education Reform in Poland

Increasing the share of vocational secondary schooling has been a mainstay of development policy for decades, perhaps nowhere more so than in formerly socialist countries. The transition, however, led to significant restructuring of school systems, including a declining share of vocational students. Exposing more students to a general curriculum could improve academic abilities. This paper analyzes Poland’s significant improvement in international achievement tests and the restructuring of the education system that expanded general schooling to test the hypothesis that delayed vocational streaming improves outcomes. Using propensity score matching and differences-in-differences estimates, the authors show that delayed vocationalization had a positive and significant impact on student performance on the order of one standard deviation.education, streaming, tracking, curriculum

Thyroid hormones in persons with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is accumulating evidence that individuals with schizophrenia show altered levels of thyroid hormones. However, a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of findings in this field has not been performed so far. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), total thyroxine (tT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and total triiodothyronine (tT3) in multiple-episode schizophrenia (MES) and first-episode psychosis (FEP). Electronic databases were searched from their inception until 30th May 2020 by two independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were performed. Altogether, 19 studies were included. Persons with FEP had significantly lower TSH levels (5 studies, g = −0.26, 95%CI: −0.47 to −0.06, p = 0.013, I2 = 21.3%), higher fT4 levels (3 studies, g = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.15–1.01, p = 0.008, I2 = 64.6%) and lower tT3 levels (2 studies, g = −0.60, 95%CI: −0.82 to −0.37, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%) compared to controls. Elevated TSH levels were found in persons with MES (13 studies, g = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.02–0.39, p = 0.031, I2 = 50.0%). Our findings imply that the levels of TSH might be decreased in persons with FEP and increased in those with MES. Other alterations need to be confirmed by additional studies. These findings imply the need to monitor the levels of TSH and thyroid hormones from the onset of psychosis

To what extent can mutual shifting of folded carbonaceous walls in slit-like pores affect their adsorption properties?

We have performed systematic Monte Carlo studies on the influence of shifting the walls in slit-like systems constructed from folded graphene sheets on their adsorption properties. Specifically, we have analysed the effect on the mechanism of argon adsorption (T = 87 K) and on adsorption and separation of three binary gas mixtures: CO2/N2, CO2/CH4 and CH4/N2 (T = 298 K). The effects of the changes in interlayer distance were also determined. We show that folding of the walls significantly improves the adsorption and separation properties in comparison to ideal slit-like systems. Moreover, we demonstrate that mutual shift of sheets (for small interlayer distances) causes the appearance of small pores between opposite bulges. This causes an increase in vapour adsorption at low pressures. Due to overlapping of interactions with opposite walls causing an increase in adsorption energy, the mutual shift of sheets is also connected with the rise in efficiency of mixtures separation. The effects connected with sheet orientation vanish as the interlayer distance increases