It Takes a Village: A Multi-Institution, Multi-Role Panel on Contract Cheating

Members of the Alberta Council on Academic Integrity (ACAI) Contract Cheating Working Group will discuss how the collective, multi-institutional nature of their work has helped to provide practical interventions for contract cheating (Clarke & Lancaster, 2006), addressing in particular this mode of misconduct's multilateral and predatory nature. Student academic misconduct in post-secondary education and research has predominantly been understood to be perpetrated by individuals undertaking unilateral action (Eaton et al., 2019). We can observe this, for example, in how motives for academic misconduct tend to be studied in psychological, sociological, or criminological terms (e.g. Rundle et al., 2019) while the ‘supply side’ (Medway et al., 2018) and structured nature (Grue et al., 2021) of contract cheating requires more exploration. Contract cheating undermines the expectation of unilateral action by virtue of its multilateral (i.e. contractual) nature, involving networks of suppliers and consumers, thereby complicating the relationship between the perpetrator and the act of misconduct and frustrating efforts to make meaningful interventions. Addressing contract cheating takes a village. Through the lens of diversified roles and from the perspectives of multiple post-secondary institutions, panel members will discuss how to engage contract cheating collectively, provide specific and concrete projects they have collaboratively undertaken to address contract cheating issues – including videos and other digital resources – and discuss recent, instructive contract cheating cases. Participants will have access to situated insights, experiences, and resources to take away and use as-is or adapt to their own needs

Reflections on the first year of integrity hour: An online community of practice for academic integrity

Integrity Hour first convened in March 2020, in response to the rapid pivot to emergency remote teaching during COVID-19. After a year, this online community of practice (CoP) is still going strong. We collectively reflect on how the first year of Integrity Hour has informed our understanding of how to uphold and enact academic integrity and impacted how we work with students, support our colleagues, and make decisions

International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist

The Ten Percent Solution

The Fall 2020 semester for the University of Calgary's general chemistry course CHEM 201 was completely different from the previous year's Fall semester:&nbsp; student enrolment had increased, the number of lecture sections offered had decreased, and the course's lectures, labs, and tutorials were all held online.&nbsp; Planning for CHEM 201 during the summer of 2020 was therefore a completely new experience and the main concerns were the feasibility and accessibility of coursework, and the ever-present concern that the new online format would allow or even encourage students to engage in academic misconduct.&nbsp; Reflections about preparing for and offering an introductory science course (CHEM 201) to 800 students in an online setting will be presented and the efforts to make academic integrity part of the course design will also be discussed.&nbsp; In particular, a 10% final exam had an unexpected effect on the structure, management, and delivery of the course

Investigation of the asymmetric heck reaction between 2, 3-dihydrofuran and phenyl triflate using deuterium labelling, time studies, and 1h and 31p NMR studies

Bibliography: p. 405-415Some pages are in colourThe asymmetric intermolecular Heck reaction should prove to be very useful in organic synthesis, as the Heck reaction itself is a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction, and tolerates a variety of functional groups. To make such an intermolecular reaction asymmetric would eliminate the need for classical resolution techniques, and a variety of achiral substrates could be combined to make chiral products. Much synthetic work has been devoted to the preparation of novel chiral ligands for the asymmetric intermolecular Heck reaction between 2,3-dihydrofuran and a variety of aryl triflates. A wide variety in the regioselectivity and enantioselectivity of the reaction has been seen, due to the use of different palladium sources, ligands, bases, solvents, and temperatures. Some researchers have proposed mechanisms to account for the asymmetric intermolecular Heck reaction, but these mechanisms are found to be contradictory in some respects. One set of Heck reaction conditions has been selected, and the mechanism of the Heck reaction under those conditions has been investigated more thoroughly, through the use of deuterium labelling, time studies, and NMR studies. Four deuterated dihydrofurans have been synthesized, each requiring a different synthetic pathway to be developed. The products from the Heck reaction with each of the four deuterated dihydrofurans have been characterized. Based on the structures of the products, it is possible to deduce the mechanisms of their formation under the Heck reaction conditions. Once the mechanism of product formation was known, the Heck reaction has been followed over time, to monitor the enantiopurity of the products. One of the products of the Heck reaction has been found capable of binding to the palladium (0) catalyst, causing an alteration in the ligand set around the metal, and thereby affecting the regioselectivity and enantioselectivity of the reaction. The results of all these studies are thought to be consistent with the data found in the literature, and give a more complete understanding of the mechanism of the asymmetric Heck reaction

Use of 1H NMR chemical shifts to determine the absolute configuration and enantiomeric purity for enantiomers of 3,3' -disubstituted-MeO-BIPHEP derivatives1

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Avoiding the classical resolution during the synthesis of MeO-BIPHEP and 3,3-disubstituted derivatives

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