Uso de filmes plásticos no solo para o cultivo de meloeiro irrigado

The aim of this study was the development of two cultivars of melon using different drip irrigation depths, in the absence or presence of plastic films buried at three soil depths. The experiment was conducted in an area with sandy soil using “10-00” and “Goldmine” cultivars. The experiment followed a split-split plot design, in randomized blocks, with three replicates. The treatments consisted of a combination of three irrigation levels (70; 85 and 100% of evapotranspiration) with the use of plastic films buried at depths of 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 m, besides the treatment without the use of plastic film. It was found that the applied water depths did not significantly influence crop development and the use of plastics promoted no increase in the growth, gas exchange, productivity and fruit quality of the “10-00” and “Goldmine”.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de duas cultivares de meloeiro submetido a diferentes lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento, na ausência ou presença de filmes plásticos enterrados a três profundidades do solo. O experimento foi instalado numa área com solo arenoso, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, dispostos em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas pelos filmes plásticos enterrados a 0,2; 0,3 e 0,4 m e sem plástico: as subparcelas representadas por três lâminas de irrigação (70; 85 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura) e duas cultivaresde melão (10-00 e Goldmine), com três repetições. Verificou-se que as lâminas aplicadas não influenciaram significativamente no desenvolvimento da cultura e o uso de plásticos não proporcionaram incremento no crescimento, nas trocas gasosas, na produtividade e na qualidade dos frutos das cultivares “10-00” e “Goldmine”

Flowering, fruiting and physiology of apple tree under different irrigation levels in the Brazilian semiarid region

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on flowering, fruit set, carbohydrate and protein content and gas exchange, of apple varietiesin the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with five replications and four plot irrigation levels (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo)) and the subplots with two cultivars (Juliet and Princess). As a result, it was found that the number of flowers (NFL), fruits (NFR), shoot percentage (SP) and fruit set (FS) were higher in cv. Juliet. The number of buds (NB) and the fertility index (FI) were higher in cv. Princess. With regard to metabolites, reducing sugar content (RS) had no significant effect among cultivars. The non-reducing sugar content (NRS), total soluble sugar (TSS) and total soluble proteins (TSP) were higher in cv. Princess. As for irrigation depths, TSP, sprouting, flowering and fruit set increased along with the amount of water applied, while the RS, NRS and TSS contents had the opposite behavior.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on flowering, fruit set, carbohydrate and protein content and gas exchange, of apple varietiesin the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with five replications and four plot irrigation levels (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo)) and the subplots with two cultivars (Juliet and Princess). As a result, it was found that the number of flowers (NFL), fruits (NFR), shoot percentage (SP) and fruit set (FS) were higher in cv. Juliet. The number of buds (NB) and the fertility index (FI) were higher in cv. Princess. With regard to metabolites, reducing sugar content (RS) had no significant effect among cultivars. The non-reducing sugar content (NRS), total soluble sugar (TSS) and total soluble proteins (TSP) were higher in cv. Princess. As for irrigation depths, TSP, sprouting, flowering and fruit set increased along with the amount of water applied, while the RS, NRS and TSS contents had the opposite behavior

Parâmetros bioquímicos, fisiológicos e produtividade de sorgo granífero irrigado com água salina

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of irrigation with saline water on yield, enzyme activity and gas exchange of grain sorghum varieties. Three varieties of grain sorghum (1011-IPA, 2502-IPA and Ponta Negra) were subjected to four leaching fractions (0; 5; 10 and 15%) of saline water with electrical conductivity of 4.19 dS m-1, in a subdivided plot design. The following variables were evaluated: soil salt distribution, photosynthesis and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, and shoot biomass productivity. The application of leaching fractions with saline water provided better distribution of salts in the soil profile. The plots that were irrigated with 15% of leaching showed lower values of soil electrical conductivity when compared to the plots where there was no leaching. Irrigation with saline water caused a reduction in gas exchange and in the hydric state of the varieties evaluated. The antioxidative system was activated in the three sorghum varieties to avoid the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The synchronism between the enzymes reflected in a positive response in the productivity of the varieties 1011-IPA and Ponta negra, with increases of 126% and 54%, respectively, in grain yield with the application of leaching sheets. The cultivation of the varieties 1011-IPA and Ponta Negra is a viable alternative in systems irrigated with saline water with an average electrical conductivity of 4.19 dS m-1, in Yellow Red Argissolo.O cultivo do sorgo em ambientes salinos provoca alterações importantes nos processos fisiológicos que são diretamente relacionados com a produtividade das plantas. O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da irrigação, com água salina, na produtividade, na atividade enzimática e nas trocas gasosas em variedades de sorgo granífero. Três variedades de sorgo foram submetidas a frações de lixiviação com água salina com condutividade elétrica de 4,19 dS m-1, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Foram avaliadas as variáveis distribuição de sais no solo, taxa de fotossíntese e transpiração, temperatura foliar, condutância estomática, atividade das enzimas catalase, ascorbato peroxidase e superóxido dismutase, e produtividade de biomassa da parte aérea. A aplicação de frações de lixiviação com água salina proporciona melhor distribuição dos sais no perfil do solo. Plantas de sorgo submetidas a irrigação com água salina apresentam redução nas trocas gasosas e no estado hídrico das células. A defesa antioxidativa foi ativada em plantas de sorgo cultivadas em ambientes salinos para evitar o acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio, sendo que o sincronismo entre as enzimas refletiu em uma resposta positiva na produtividade das variedades 1011-IPA e Ponta Negra, com aumentos de 126% e 54%, respectivamente, na produtividade de grãos com a aplicação de lâminas de lixiviação. A utilização de água salina com condutividade elétrica média de 4,19 dS m-1 é uma alternativa viável para o cultivo irrigado das variedades 1011-IPA e Ponta Negra em Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo

Desempenho de cultivares de beterrabas submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação no Submédio São Francisco

Faced with the water crisis in the semi-arid region and the competitiveness of modern agriculture, the efficient use of water becomes a fundamental tool for the sustainability of irrigated production systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation depths on the development of beet cultivars in the Submédio São Francisco region. An experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Bebedouro, Embrapa Semiárido, in the municipality of Petrolina-PE. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in subdivided plots with five plots of irrigation (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and subplots three beet cultivars (Rubios, Scarlet Super and Early Wonder), with four replicates. Biometric characteristics were evaluated: leaf numbers, leaf length and width, root diameter and length, as well as total and commercial productivity and average shoot weight. The cv Rubios presented higher total and commercial productivities, being the irrigation blade with 125% of ETc and a greater efficiency of water use than the others.Diante da crise hídrica na região semiárida e da competitividade da agricultura moderna, o uso eficiente da água torna-se ferramenta fundamental para sustentabilidade dos sistemas irrigados de produção. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos das lâminas de irrigação no desenvolvimento de cultivares de beterraba na região do submédio São Francisco. Realizou-se um experimento no Campo experimental de Bebedouro, da Embrapa Semiárido, no município de Petrolina – PE. O ensaio foi em delineamento de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas de cinco lâminas de irrigação (50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc) e as subparcelas três cultivares de beterraba (Rubios, Scarlet Super e Early Wonder), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas características biométricas: números de folhas, área foliar, diâmetro e comprimento de raiz, bem como a produtividade total e comercial e a massa fresca da parte aérea. A cv Rubios apresentou maiores produtividades totais e comerciais, com a lâmina de 125% da ETc e uma maior eficiência de uso de água que as demais

Produção e pós-colheita da mangueira “Keitt” submetida a lâminas de irrigação no semiárido nordestino

Considering the expression of the cultivated area with mangoes in the irrigated poles of the northeast and the scarcity of information to maximize its production, the objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and qualitative parameters of the 'Keitt' mango submitted to different irrigation depths, in the region of Ipanguaçu – RN. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 5 irrigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100 e 120% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and 5 replicates, using 4 plants per experimental plot in two crop cycles. Was evaluated the number of fruits per plant (NF), average fruit weight (PMF), productivity (PT), soluble solids content (SS) and titratable acidity (AT). The maximum estimated PT were obtained with the irrigation depth of 91.9 and 85.5% of ETc, in the first and second cycle, respectively. The PMF in the 1nd cycle was estimated at 0.69 kg with irrigation depth of 120% of the ETc and in the 2nd cycle the maximum PMF was estimated at 0.75 kg with irrigation depths of 107.5% of the ETc. Deficit and water excess limited SS and TA in both cycles. The mangoes from the west side of the plant presented higher titratable acidity than those from the nascent side.Considerando-se a expressão da área cultivada com mangueira nos polos irrigados do Nordeste e a escassez de informação para maximizar a sua produção, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar parâmetros produtivos e qualitativos da mangueira ‘Keitt’ submetida a diferentes lâminas de irrigação, na região de Ipanguaçu - RN. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com 5 lâminas de irrigação (40; 60; 80; 100 e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc) e 5 repetições, sendo utilizadas 4 plantas por parcela experimental, em dois ciclos de cultivo. Foram avaliados o número de frutos por planta (NF), peso médio de frutos (PMF), produtividade (PT), teor de sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). As PT máximas estimadas foram obtidas com as lâminas de irrigação de 91,9% e 85,5% da ETc no 1º e 2º ciclos da cultura, respectivamente. O PMF no 1º ciclo foi estimado em 0,69 kg com lâmina de irrigação de 120% da ETc e no 2º ciclo o PMF máximo foi estimado em 0,75 kg com lâmina de irrigação de 107,5% da ETc. O déficit e o excesso hídrico limitaram o SS e a AT em ambos os ciclos. As mangas oriundas do lado poente da planta apresentaram maior acidez titulável que as do lado nascente

Produtividade e características físico-químicas dos frutos da lima ácida 'Tahiti' sob diferentes disposições de microaspersores

An adequate water management and irrigation system are important points to be considered for yield maximization and fruit quality of 'Tahiti' acid lemon in semi arid. The work focused in evaluation of the influence of different microsprinkler systems on yield and on physical chemical characteristics of fruits, in the different quadrants of the plant, of 'Tahiti' lemon acid orchard, with four years and planted at spacing of 5.0 x 7.0 m. The work followed a randomized block design with three treatments and six replications. Three arrangements of microsprinkler were: T1 - one emitter for each plant, located between plants along plant row; T2 - one emitter for two plants, located between plants along plant row; and T3 - one emitter for each plant, located at 0,3 m distant from the plant. The mean productivity values were signiï¬cantly different between the treatments T2 (19.506 kg ha ) and T1 (13.545 kg ha ). Fruits from T3 and T2 presented higher ascorbic acid contents than fruits from the treatment T1. The values of soluble solids, mean fruit weight and citric acid showed signiï¬cant differences among the quadrants of the plant, demonstrating the influence of the arrangement of the microsprinklers on the physical chemical parameters of the fruits of the 'Tahiti' acid lemon, under semi arid conditions of cultivation.O adequado manejo de água de irrigação é fundamental para maximização da produção e melhoria da qualidade dos frutos da lima ácida 'Tahiti' no semiárido. O trabalho visou avaliar a influência de diferentes disposições de microaspersores, na produtividade e características físico-químicas dos frutos, nos diferentes quadrantes da planta, num pomar de lima ácida 'Tahiti', com quatro anos, plantada no espaçamento de 5,0 x 7,0 m. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo: T1 – um microaspersor por planta, localizado entre plantas ao longo da fileira; T2 – um microaspersor para duas plantas, também ao longo da fileira; e T3 – um microaspersor por planta, localizado a 0,3 m da planta, e seis repetições. Foram consideradas parcelas subdivididas, nas quais se avaliou os frutos nos quadrantes norte, sul, leste e oeste da planta. Os valores de produtividade média apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos T2 (19.506 kg ha ) e T1 (13.545 kg ha ). Os frutos do T3 e T2 apresentaram teor de ácido ascórbico superior aos do T1. Os valores de sólidos solúveis, peso médio de frutos e ácido cítrico apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os quadrantes, demonstrando influência da disposição dos microaspersores sobre os parâmetros físico-químicos dos frutos da lima ácida 'Tahiti', em condições semiáridas de cultivo

Production and quality of watermelon subjected to biofertilizer fertilization

The expansion of the area with organic agriculture is due to the market trend towards the consumption of healthier foods. However, with the increase in the cost of fertilizers imported by the country, the adjustment of doses and management practices with alternative sources for plant nutrition, such as biofertilizer, can be an alternative for the sustainability of properties. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Bebedouro (CEB) of EMBRAPA Semi-Arid Region in Petrolina-PE, Brazil, from September to December 2019, to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer doses on the production aspects of three watermelon varieties in the semi-arid region. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to six doses of biofertilizer (0; 80; 160; 240; 320 and 400 mL plant-1) and three varieties of watermelon (Explorer, Red Heaven, and Majestic), with four replicates. Yield, number of fruits per plant, average fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit length, length: diameter ratio, pulp firmness, rind thickness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were analyzed. The number of fruits per plant was not altered by biofertilizer doses. However, the variables yield and average fruit mass were altered by the interaction between varieties and biofertilizer doses. With yield of 40.22 t ha-1 obtained at the dose 201.33 mL plant-1, the Explorer variety proved to be more efficient with the use of biofertilizer in organic system. Positive responses to biofertilizer application in postharvest quality attributes were obtained in Explorer and Red Heaven varieties.The expansion of the area with organic agriculture is due to the market trend towards the consumption of healthier foods. However, with the increase in the cost of fertilizers imported by the country, the adjustment of doses and management practices with alternative sources for plant nutrition, such as biofertilizer, can be an alternative for the sustainability of properties. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Bebedouro (CEB) of EMBRAPA Semi-Arid Region in Petrolina-PE, Brazil, from September to December 2019, to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer doses on the production aspects of three watermelon varieties in the semi-arid region. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to six doses of biofertilizer (0; 80; 160; 240; 320 and 400 mL plant-1) and three varieties of watermelon (Explorer, Red Heaven, and Majestic), with four replicates. Yield, number of fruits per plant, average fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit length, length: diameter ratio, pulp firmness, rind thickness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were analyzed. The number of fruits per plant was not altered by biofertilizer doses. However, the variables yield and average fruit mass were altered by the interaction between varieties and biofertilizer doses. With yield of 40.22 t ha-1 obtained at the dose 201.33 mL plant-1, the Explorer variety proved to be more efficient with the use of biofertilizer in organic system. Positive responses to biofertilizer application in postharvest quality attributes were obtained in Explorer and Red Heaven varieties

Physiological characteristics of grapevine under irrigation and fertilization management

The viticulture in the semiarid region of Brazil stands out in the country due to the expansion of its cultivated area and increased production, especially in the sub-mid São Francisco Valley. However, the supplying of water and an efficient replacement of nutrients to the soil are essential for these crops, due to the intrinsic climatic conditions of this region, such as low rainfall and high evapotranspiration. This study aimed at evaluating the physiological characteristics of ‘Itália’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) under irrigation and fertilization management. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with four replications, in a split-plot arrangement, with four irrigation water depths (0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.5 times the crop coefficient) in the plots and four fertilizer rates (100 %, 75 %, 50 % and 25 %, based on the recommended fertilizer rates for this crop) in the subplots, with addition of organic compounds. The leaf water potential, leaf chlorophyll content, relative water content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 partial pressure, leaf temperature and biomass accumulation in the berries were evaluated. The highest leaf chlorophyll contents were found in treatments with fertilizer rates of 70-85 %. Stomatal conductance decreased with the increasing irrigation water depths, thus reducing the internal CO2 partial pressure and increasing the leaf temperature and air vapor pressure deficit. The reduction of 25 % in the conventional fertilization and irrigation of 135 % of the recommended coefficient resulted in the highest average weight of berries. The highest yields were obtained with the lowest irrigation water depths and fertilizer rates of 50-65 %

Arranjo populacional do sorgo forrageiro irrigado para um cultivo eficiente no Semiárido brasileiro / Population arrangement of irrigated forage sorghum for efficient cultivation in the brazilian Semiarid

O espaçamento de plantio tem influenciado no crescimento e na produtividade da cultura, podendo variar em função das variedades e do manejo adotado. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os espaçamentos mais eficientes para o cultivo irrigado de duas variedades de sorgo forrageiro no Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por duas variedades de sorgo forrageiro: Sudão e Volumax; as subparcelas por oito espaçamentos, sendo três espaçamentos com fileira simples: 40x40, 50x50, 60x60 cm e cinco com fileiras duplas: 30x40, 30x50, 30x60, 40x50 e 40x60 cm e as subsubparcelas constituídas por dois ciclos de cultivo. Foram avaliadas: altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, área foliar e produtividade de biomassa fresca (PMF) e seca (PMS). A variedade Sudão apresentou maior altura de plantas, diâmetro de colmo, área foliar e PMS. Os arranjos de plantio nos espaçamentos de 30x40, 30x60 e 40x50 cm são mais eficientes para a variedade Sudão. Para a variedade Volumax, os arranjos de plantio do tipo fileiras simples com espaçamento de 40 cm entre fileiras e em sistema do tipo fileiras duplas nos espaçamentos de 30x60, 40x50 e 40x60 cm são os mais recomendados