Gender Differences: Motivations for performing physical exercise among adults in Shah Alam

AbstractFemales exhibit lower levels of physical exercise performance than males. It seems that gender factor motivates people differently, in performing regular exercise. Our objective was to determine the relationship between 21 motivating reasons for performing physical exercise and genders. We found that males showed significantly higher means score in two motivating reasons; to have a positive effect on the sex life (4.18±1.01, p<0.001) and more energy to go about the daily chores (4.62± .63, p= 0.027). No significant gender difference in the mean score for the other 19 motivating reasons.ConclusionBoth sexes were almost equally motivated in performing physical exercises

Low dose albumin for the prevention of renal impairment following large volume paracentesis in cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of low dose Albumin i.e. 4 grams per litre of ascitic fluid after large volume paracentesis (LVP) for the prevention of paracentesis induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD) related renal impairment in cirrhosis. METHODS: Case records of all patients with cirrhosis who underwent LVP from January 12(th), 2011 till December 29(th), 2013 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if they had spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, creatinine \u3e1.5 mg/dl, hepatoma or if volume of ascitic fluid removed was \u3c5 litres. Data including age, gender, cause of cirrhosis, CTP score and volume of ascitic fluid drained were noted. In addition serum creatinine and serum sodium at baseline and one week post paracentesis were recorded. RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen patients with cirrhosis underwent LVP during the study period. One hundred and thirty nine patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the amount of albumin given. The amount of albumin given was 25 grams and 50 grams while the volume of ascitic fluid removed were 6.2±1 litres and 10.4±1.5 litres in groups A and B respectively. One hundred and eight patients were in group A while thirty one patients were in group B respectively. Both groups received albumin at a dose of 4 grams per litre of ascitic fluid removed. Mean age in both groups were 53 years. Hepatitis C was the commonest etiology in both the groups, followed by Hepatitis B. More than 70% patients in both the groups were in child class C. Serum creatinine at baseline and one week post LVP was 1.04±0.24 mg/dl and 1.07±0.35 mg/dl in GROUP A while 1.11±0.23 mg/dl and 1.41±0.94 mg/dl in GROUP B. (P value 0.35). Similarly, serum sodium at baseline and one week post LVP was 130 ±5.6 meq/lit and 129.6±5.9 meq/lit in GROUP A while 127.6±5.8 meq/lit and 128±6.2 meq/lit in GROUP B respectively. (P value 0.14). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that 4 grams of albumin per litre of ascitic fluid drained is effective in preventing the PICD related renal impairment following large volume paracentesis in cirrhosis

Profile of dementia patients from a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan

BACKGROUND: According to an estimate currently over 46 million people live with dementia worldwide and 58% reside in developing countries. However like some other developing countries, not much is known about the demographics, characteristics, and associated conditions of those suffering from dementia in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: To study profile of dementia patients from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

MOTIVATION TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE: IS IT DIVERSE WITH DIFFERENT SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS PARTICULARLY THE GENDER?

Engagement in physical exercise differs with different socio demographic status. Females exhibit lower levels of physical exercise performance, it seems that their motivation to exercise is differ. Various types of motivation that influence exercise performance regularly were recognized.This study aims to determine the relationship between 21 motivating reasons and sociodemographic factors, concentrating more on the gender difference. Method: A study was conducted on 501 adults performing exercise. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire comprises of 21 motivating reasons. Each reason was measured on a fivepoint scale as, strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The sum, and mean score of all the 21 reasons was used as the dependent variable versus each socio-demographic factor. The mean score of each item was used as the dependent variable versus gender. Results: Significant inverse correlations were detected between motivating reasons score with; age (r=-0.122, p=0.007), BMI (r=-0.091, p=0.042), and household income (r=-0.095, p=0.036). Unmarried or free of chronic diseases respondents showed, significantly higher motivating mean score (p=0.032, 0.010 respectively). No significant difference in the mean score with level of education and gender.However, males showed significantly higher means score in two motivating reasons to; have a positive effect on the sex life (4.18±1.01, p&lt;0.001), have more energy to go about the daily chores (4.62± .63, p= 0.027). No significant gender difference in the mean score for other motivating reasons. Conclusion: young, unmarried, lower income, lower BMI and no chronic illness individuals have higher motivating reasons. Both genders were almost equally motivated in performing exercises

Patterns of Quality Of Life among Older Urban Dwellers with Mobility Disability in Malaysia

Mobility disability affects the quality of life for the older urban population. The objectives of this research paper were to determine the burden of mobility disability and explore influential factors affecting the quality of life of urban community aged 50 and above with mobility disability. Total of 481 participants who were randomly selected from two urban health centres have been interviewed using structured questionnaire in December 2014. The prevalence of mobility disability was 23.1%. All domains quality of life of older urbanites with mobility disability were significantly affected as compared with those without. These factors need to be emphasized in future planning for elderly.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Mobility disability; urban; elderly; quality of lif

MOTIVATION TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE: IS IT DIVERSE WITH DIFFERENT SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS PARTICULARLY THE GENDER?

Engagement in physical exercise differs with different socio demographic status. Females exhibit lower levels of physical exercise performance, it seems that their motivation to exercise is differ. Various types of motivation that influence exercise performance regularly were recognized.This study aims to determine the relationship between 21 motivating reasons and sociodemographic factors, concentrating more on the gender difference. Method: A study was conducted on 501 adults performing exercise. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire comprises of 21 motivating reasons. Each reason was measured on a fivepoint scale as, strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The sum, and mean score of all the 21 reasons was used as the dependent variable versus each socio-demographic factor. The mean score of each item was used as the dependent variable versus gender. Results: Significant inverse correlations were detected between motivating reasons score with; age (r=-0.122, p=0.007), BMI (r=-0.091, p=0.042), and household income (r=-0.095, p=0.036). Unmarried or free of chronic diseases respondents showed, significantly higher motivating mean score (p=0.032, 0.010 respectively). No significant difference in the mean score with level of education and gender.However, males showed significantly higher means score in two motivating reasons to; have a positive effect on the sex life (4.18±1.01, p&lt;0.001), have more energy to go about the daily chores (4.62± .63, p= 0.027). No significant gender difference in the mean score for other motivating reasons. Conclusion: young, unmarried, lower income, lower BMI and no chronic illness individuals have higher motivating reasons. Both genders were almost equally motivated in performing exercises

Men Health Seeking Behaviour: A literature review

Gender equality between males and females is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) that the nation must address. However, compared to women, the health status of men lags. The objectives are to describe and summarize the factors influencing men's health-seeking behaviour in various health problems from published literature. Methods: The literature search was performed using online databases in Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. Findings: In a total of  22 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, the factors identified were predisposing factors (socio-demographic, health belief), enabling factors (healthcare services and facilities, alternative medicine, social support), and need factors (perceived need). Keywords: Men; Health-seeking; Factors; Review eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.348

Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets

This work aims to employ fused deposition modelling 3D printing to fabricate immediate release pharmaceutical tablets with various model drugs. It investigates the addition of non-melting filler to methacrylic matrix to facilitate FDM 3D printing and explore the impact of (i) the nature of filler, (ii) compatibility with the gears of the 3D printer and, and iii) polymer: filler ratio on the 3D printing process. A specially developed filament based on pharmaceutically approved methacrylic polymer (Eudragit E) and thermally stable filler, TCP (tribasic calcium phosphate) was optimised. Four model drugs with different physicochemical properties were included into ready-to-use mechanically stable tablets with immediate release properties. Amongst the investigated fillers in this work, directly compressible lactose, spray-dried lactose and microcrystalline cellulose showed a level of degradation at 135°C whilst talc and TCP allowed consistent flow of the filament and a successful 3D printing of the tablet. Following the two thermal processes (hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing), drug contents were 94.22%, 88.53%, 96.51% and 93.04% for 5-ASA, captopril, theophylline and prednisolone respectively. XRPD indicated that a fraction of 5-ASA, theophylline and prednisolone remained in the crystalline form whilst captopril was in amorphous form. By combining the advantages of thermally stable pharmaceutically approved polymers and fillers, this unique approach provides a low cost production method for on demand manufacturing of individualised dosage forms