8,141 research outputs found
Religious Identity Formation Among Adolescents: The Role of Religious Secondary Schools
The purpose of this article is to examine the role religious secondary schools play in the religious identity formation of adolescents. Although several research studies have found a correlation between enrollment in private religious schools and adolescents’ religious identity formation, the researchers of these studies have only speculated about which specific characteristics of religious schools are responsible for this formation in the lives of adolescents. Through a review of the literature, the present article identifies several characteristics of religious secondary schools that may contribute to the process of religious identity formation: a community of religious peers, the presence of religious adults, and an exposure to religious instruction. Implications for Christian secondary school practitioners are also discussed
Profitability of Northeast Organic Dairy Farms
Livestock Production/Industries,
Illumination Conditions at the Asteroid 4 Vesta: Implications for the Presence of Water Ice
The mean illumination conditions and surface temperatures over one orbital period are calculated for the Asteroid 4 Vesta using a coarse digital elevation model produced from Hubble Space Telescope images. Even with the anticipated effects of finer-scale topography taken into account, it is unlikely that any significant permanently shadowed regions currently exist on Vesta due to its large axial tilt (approx. = 27deg). However, under present day conditions, it is predicted that about half of Vesta's surface has an average temperature of less than 145 K, which, based on previous thermal modeling of main belt asteroids, suggests that water ice could survive in the top few meters of the vestal regolith on billion-year timescales
Organoaluminium complexes derived from Anilines or Schiff bases for ring opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone, delta-valerolactone and rac-lactide
Reaction of R¹R²CHN=CH(3,5-tBu₂C₆H₂-OH-2) (R¹ = R² = Me L¹H; R¹ = Me, R² = Ph L²H; R¹ = R2 = Ph L³H) with one equivalent of R³3Al (R³ = Me, Et) afforded [(L¹-³)AlR³₂] (L¹, R³ = Me 1, R³ = Et 2; L², R³ = Me 3, R³ = Et 4; L³ R³ = Me 5, R³ = Et 6); complex 1 has been previously reported. Use of the N,O-ligand derived from 2,2/-diphenylglycine afforded either 5 or a by-product [Ph₂NCH₂(3,5-tBu₂C₆H₂-O-2)AlMe₂] (7). The known Schiff base complex [2-Ph₂PC₆H4CH₂(3,5-tBu₂C₃H₂-O-2)AlMe₂] (8) and the product of the reaction of 2-diphenylphosphinoaniline 1-NH₂,2-PPh₂C₆H4 with Me3Al, namely {Ph₂PC₆H4N[(Me₂Al)₂mu-Me](mu-Me₂Al)} (9) were also isolated. For structural and catalytic comparisons, complexes resulting from interaction of Me₃Al with diphenylamine or benzhydrylamine, namely {Ph₂N[(Me₂Al)2mu-Me]} (10) and [Ph₂CHNH(mu-Me₂Al)]₂·MeCN (11), were prepared. The molecular structures of the Schiff pro-ligands derived from Ph₂CHNH₂ and 2,2/-Ph2C(CO₂H)(NH₂), together with complexes 5, 7 and 9 - 11·MeCN were determined. All complexes have been screened for their ability to ring opening polymerization (ROP) epsilon-caprolactone, delta-valerolactone or rac-lactide, in the presence of benzyl alcohol, with or without solvent present. The co-polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone with rac-lactide has also been studied
Optical chirality from dark-field illumination of planar plasmonic nanostructures
Dark-field illumination is shown to make planar chiral nanoparticle
arrangements exhibit circular dichroism in extinction analogous to true chiral
scatterers. Circular dichrosim is experimentally observed at the maximum
scattering of single oligomers consisting rotationally symmetric arrangements
of gold nanorods, with strong agreement to numerical simulation. A dipole model
is developed to show that this effect is caused by a difference in the
geometric projection of a nanorod onto the handed orientation of electric
fields created by a circularly polarized dark-field that is normally incident
on a glass substrate. Owing to this geometric origin, the wavelength of the
peak chiral response is also experimentally shown to shift depending on the
separation between nanoparticles. All presented oligomers have physical
dimensions less than the operating wavelength, and the applicable extension to
closely packed planar arrays of oligomers is demonstrated to amplify the
magnitude of circular dichroism. The realization of strong chirality in these
oligomers demonstrates a new path to engineer optical chirality from planar
devices using dark-field illumination
Turning on ROP activity in a bimetallic Co/Zn complex supported by a [2+2] Schiff-base macrocycle
Homo-dinuclear Co and Zn complexes derived from the macrocycle LH2, {[2-(OH)-5-(R)-C6H2-1,3-(CH)2][CH2CH2(2-C6H4N)2]}2 (R = Me, tBu), revealed near inactivity for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic esters δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) and ϵ-caprolactone (ϵ-CL). By contrast, the hetero-bimetallic complexes [LCo(NCMe)(μ-Br)ZnBr]·nMeCN (n = 3 or 3.25) were found to be efficient catalysts for the ROP of ϵ-CL and δ-VL
Absorption-line probes of the prevalence and properties of outflows in present-day star-forming galaxies
We analyze star forming galaxies drawn from SDSS DR7 to show how the
interstellar medium (ISM) Na I 5890, 5896 (Na D) absorption lines depend on
galaxy physical properties, and to look for evidence of galactic winds. We
combine the spectra of galaxies with similar geometry/physical parameters to
create composite spectra with signal-to-noise ~300. The stellar continuum is
modeled using stellar population synthesis models, and the continuum-normalized
spectrum is fit with two Na I absorption components. We find that: (1) ISM Na D
absorption lines with equivalent widths EW > 0.8A are only prevalent in disk
galaxies with specific properties -- large extinction (Av), high star formation
rates (SFR), high star formation rate per unit area (), or
high stellar mass (M*). (2) the ISM Na D absorption lines can be separated into
two components: a quiescent disk-like component at the galaxy systemic velocity
and an outflow component; (3) the disk-like component is much stronger in the
edge-on systems, and the outflow component covers a wide angle but is stronger
within 60deg of the disk rotation axis; (4) the EW and covering factor of the
disk component correlate strongly with dust attenuation, highlighting the
importance that dust shielding may play the survival of Na I. (5) The EW of the
outflow component depends primarily on and secondarily on
Av; (6) the outflow velocity varies from ~120 to 160km/s but shows little hint
of a correlation with galaxy physical properties over the modest dynamic range
that our sample probes (1.2 dex in log and 1 dex in log M*).Comment: 18 pages, 18 figures, accepted by A
SAFE: An early warning system for systemic banking risk
This paper builds on existing microprudential and macroprudential early warning systems (EWSs) to develop a new, hybrid class of models for systemic risk, incorporating the structural characteristics of the fi nancial system and a feedback amplification mechanism. The models explain fi nancial stress using both public and proprietary supervisory data from systemically important institutions, regressing institutional imbalances using an optimal lag method. The Systemic Assessment of Financial Environment (SAFE) EWS monitors microprudential information from the largest bank holding companies to anticipate the buildup of macroeconomic stresses in the financial markets. To mitigate inherent uncertainty, SAFE develops a set of medium-term forecasting specifi cations that gives policymakers enough time to take ex-ante policy action and a set of short-term forecasting specifications for verification and adjustment of supervisory actions. This paper highlights the application of these models to stress testing, scenario analysis, and policy.Systemic risk ; Liquidity (Economics)
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