What Difference Does ADR Make? Comparison of ADR and Trial Outcomes in Small Claims Court

This study compares the experience of small claims litigants who use alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”) to those who proceeded to trial without ADR. ADR had significant immediate and long-term benefits, including improved party attitudes toward and relationship with each other, greater sense of empowerment and voice, increases in parties taking responsibility for the dispute, and increases in party satisfaction with the judiciary. Cases that settled in ADR also were less likely to return to court for an enforcement action within the next year

Fibre metabolism in the rat

Dietary Fibre is metabolised in the human colon. The inaccessibility of the human colon necessitates the use of indirect methods to study the effects of fibre upon metabolism and stool weight. The time duration required for dietary trials, to insure adaptation to the new regime is completed, is not known. This thesis describes an animal model which could be of relevance to human nutrition for the evaluation of dietary fibres and their action upon stool bulking and caecal metabolism. At present there is no simple method of predicting quantitatively the effect of dietary fibre upon metabolic and physiological functions.Adult male Albino Wistar rats, were fed for periods of 4-, 8- and 12 weeks with low fibre containing diets, either of plant origin, animal origin or an elemental diet, unsupplemented or supplemented with 100 g/kg of gum arabic (readily fermented polysaccharide) or coarse Canadian Red Spring Wheat Bran (non-fermented fibre). The effects on live-weight, liver weight, dry stool weight, and caecal content weight, wet caecal sac weight, faecal- and caecal short chain fatty acids, average bile acids, expired hydrogen and methane were recorded. Bacterial mass was measured indirectly using 2,6-Diaminopimelic acid.Wheat bran alone significantly increased dry stool weight, irrespective of the basal diet. As with all the parameters measured, the absolute values, and magnitude of the changes, were related to basal diet. Gum arabic had no influence on stool weight. The addition of gum arabic to a diet increased the caecal sac wet weight and dry caecal content weight. Total, and concentrations of caecal and faecal bacterial mass and short chain fatty acids increased with gum arabic. The addition of gum arabic increased the major anion, acetate, in caecal and faecal material. The presence of wheat bran increased the molar proportion of caecal butyrate. Isomeric forms appeared with the animal origin and elemental diets. Methane production in rats on gum arabic diminished with time. Wheat bran abolished methane production. Gum arabic increased total caecal bile acids, in particular, the muricholic acids. The effect of bran was less clear cut and varied with the basal diet given.The various interactions between basal diets, supplements and time were recorded. The basal diets influenced the way in which the two fibre supplements behaved. The differences were both quantitative and temporal.Basal diet, duration of feeding and supplement have noticeable effects upon all the measurements made. For the initial assessment of dietary fibre, a 4-week stool collection maybe adequate. For metabolic analysis a longer period is required. Gum arabic was found to alter all metabolic events, but not stool weight. Wheat bran influenced stool weight, indicative of the caecal degradation of these fibres. These results are in agreement with previous work and confirm that the rat is a suitable animal model for the routine evaluation of dietary fibres

Integrating a New Dietetic Care Process in a Health Information System:A System and Process Analysis and Assessment

Managing routinely collected data in health care and public health is important for evaluation of interventions and answering research questions using “real life” and ”big data”. In addition to the technical requirements of information systems, both standardized terminology and standardized processes are needed. The aim of this project was to analyse and assess the integration of standardized terminology and document templates for a dietetic care process (DCP) into the health information system (HIS) in a hospital in Austria. Using an action research approach, the DCP was analysed through four expert interviews and the integration into the HIS through two expert interviews with observations. Key strengths and weaknesses for the main criteria (“integration of the ICF catalogue”, “adaption of the document templates”, “adaption of the DCP”, and the “adaption of the user authorizations”) were presented and proposals for improvement given. The system and process integration of the DCP is possible, and the document templates can be adapted with the software currently in use. Although an increase in resources and finances required is to be expected initially, the integration of a standardized dietetic terminology in combination with a standardized process is likely to improve the quality of care and support outcomes management and research

PET and P300 Relationships in Early Alzheimer\u27s Disease

The P300 (P3) wave of the auditory brain event-related potential was investigated in patients with probable Alzheimer\u27s disease to determine whether P300 latency discriminated these patients from controls and whether prolonged P300 latency correlated with rates of brain glucose metabolism as measured by Positron Emission Tomography. P300 latency was prolonged by more than 1.5 standard deviations from age expectancy in 14 of 18 patients, but none of 17 controls. In these subjects P300 latency was shown to be inversely correlated with relative metabolic rates of parietal and, to a lesser extent, temporal and frontal association areas, but not with subcortical areas

Environmental Sustainability Education at the University of Michigan: Collaboration with Industry to Provide Experiential Learning Opportunities

The Concentrations in Environmental Sustainability (ConsEnSus) Program at the University of Michigan is a new multi-disciplinary opportunity for graduate students in the College of Engineering to pursue interests in environmental sustainability white obtaining a traditional engineering Master\u27s degree. Students from several engineering departments complement traditional disciplinary course requirements with courses in environmental regulations, policies, and technology. A required case studies course of the ConsEnSus Program brings practicing engineers together with students to discuss real-world sustainability problems. The industrial participants interactively present relevant case studies, and provide opportunities for experiential learning through classroom activities and term projects. This paper will further explain the ConsEnSus Program, its implementation, the initial successes of the program, and the case studies course and term project that was developed in collaboration with industry

Approximation of fixed points of nonexpansive mappings and quasinonexpansive mappings in a Hilbert space

In this paper, we give a simple proof and some generalizations of results in Falset, Llorens-Fuster, Marino, and Rugiano (2016).Comment: 8 page

Lembrar do que nunca foi memória: uma ode ao esquecimento

Este artigo propõe reflexões acerca da concepção de obras non-site sob o tí­tulo "Ninguém chora a morte das folhas" , exibidas na I Mostra Siaus (UFSJ). Pensadas como uma espécie de farrapo de memória, essas obras se apresentam como rastros que não podemos buscar, ou memórias que nunca tivemos. Assim como as folhas soltas de um livro, as folhas que cobrem as ruas protagonizam as obras dessa exposição. Assim como no conto "O livro de areia" , de Jorge Luis Borges, as folhas representam o que está à margem em nossas memórias, um signo ausente ou o esquecimento

DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale.

Since DSM-IV was published in 1994, its approach to substance use disorders has come under scrutiny. Strengths were identified (notably, reliability and validity of dependence), but concerns have also arisen. The DSM-5 Substance-Related Disorders Work Group considered these issues and recommended revisions for DSM-5. General concerns included whether to retain the division into two main disorders (dependence and abuse), whether substance use disorder criteria should be added or removed, and whether an appropriate substance use disorder severity indicator could be identified. Specific issues included possible addition of withdrawal syndromes for several substances, alignment of nicotine criteria with those for other substances, addition of biomarkers, and inclusion of nonsubstance, behavioral addictions.This article presents the major issues and evidence considered by the work group, which included literature reviews and extensive new data analyses. The work group recommendations for DSM-5 revisions included combining abuse and dependence criteria into a single substance use disorder based on consistent findings from over 200,000 study participants, dropping legal problems and adding craving as criteria, adding cannabis and caffeine withdrawal syndromes, aligning tobacco use disorder criteria with other substance use disorders, and moving gambling disorders to the chapter formerly reserved for substance-related disorders. The proposed changes overcome many problems, while further studies will be needed to address issues for which less data were available