The Coming Showdown Over University Endowments: Enlisting the Donors

This Essay focuses on the discordance between universities with particularly large endowments and what is occurring in the rest of higher education, particularly with respect to skyrocketing tuition and a growing institutional wealth gap. The Essay considers absolute endowment values, the amount of endowment per student, and expense-endowment ratios at sixty private universities. It concludes that a small number of schools have an excess endowment, and then provides a convenient proxy for determining when an endowment is so large that it should receive less preferential tax treatment. The Essay then considers the effects that large endowments have at their home institutions and throughout higher education, the arguments in defense of large endowments, and some frequently proposed modifications to the tax code. The Essay recommends that policymakers modify the charitable deduction for gifts to universities with mega-endowments, as part of a multifaceted effort to spur endowment spending and control tuition

Evaluation of low wing-loading fuel conservative, short-haul transports

Fuel conservation that could be attained with two technology advancements, Q fan propulsion system and active control technology (ACT) was studied. Aircraft incorporating each technology were sized for a Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) field length of 914 meters (3,000 feet), 148 passengers, and a 926 kilometer (500 nautical mile) mission. The cruise Mach number was .70 at 10100 meter (33,000 foot) altitude. The improvement resulting from application of the Q fan propulsion system was computed relative to an optimized fuel conservative transport design. The performance improvements resulting from application of ACT technology were relative to the optimized Q fan propulsion system configuration

The Need for School-based Drug Prevention Programs in the Curriculum

Drugs are still a problem facing our children. Studies have proven that prevention programs are beneficial to our children. In fact, one study, states that for every $150 spent per child for a program,$840 is saved in crime and healthcare costs (Caulkins, Chiesa, Pacula, and Paddock, 2002). What would the savings be if we educated our children from kindergarten, all the way through high school, instead of one, or a couple of years? Therefore, this study is to explain the need for implementing school-based drug prevention programs from kindergarten through twelfth grade

Legal Nature of Parliamentary Procedure

Parliamentary procedure is law. Its origins are found in the English and American legislatures and it was adopted by the nonlegislative assemblies in this country for ordering the conduct of meetings and the making of decisions. ...The law has been projected into parts of parliamentary procedure by case and code law but it has been ignored in the broad field. Most laymen have conversely ignored the law and proceeded to write and publish with no regard to the legal aspects. It is in this area, between the lawyers and the laymen, that a blind spot has developed in the law. We must explore this area and discover the legal nature of parliamentary procedure

Legal Nature of Parliamentary Procedure

Parliamentary procedure is law. Its origins are found in the English and American legislatures and it was adopted by the nonlegislative assemblies in this country for ordering the conduct of meetings and the making of decisions. ...The law has been projected into parts of parliamentary procedure by case and code law but it has been ignored in the broad field. Most laymen have conversely ignored the law and proceeded to write and publish with no regard to the legal aspects. It is in this area, between the lawyers and the laymen, that a blind spot has developed in the law. We must explore this area and discover the legal nature of parliamentary procedure

Qualitative Research with Participants Suffering From Ostracism: A Practical Guide For the Novice Researcher

Being ostracized can be painful for most people, but for those who experience this persistently it can lead to severe levels of psychological distress. At present, there is a scarcity of qualitative research which focuses on this group of vulnerable individuals. This paper acts as a guide for the novice researcher who plans to research this population

Search and price competition

International audienceThis paper qualifies and quantifies what is meant by higher price level and dispersion in an oligopoly market with imperfectly informed consumers for both Fixed Sample Search and Sequential Search. The objective is to identify the conditions under which prices become lower and price dispersion reduces as a function of consumers? information. Surprisingly, the mean price is an increasing function of search intensity and price dispersion is an inverse U-shaped function of the proportion of informed consumers

Parliamentary Procedure for Non-Profit Organizations

To bring the conduct of meetings of organizations under reliable law, there are three possible solutions. First, to reform existing parliamentary procedure in order to make it correspond with the law. This is not practical. Second, to return to the legal origins of parliamentary law. The legal origins are obscure, the case law meager and the common parliamentary law too indefinite to encourage such an effort. Third, to adopt new, modern, simple rules of procedure, based on law, both case and code. This approach is both realistic and practical and can include the experience of reform experiments and legal origins. From these rules, a uniform system of parliamentary procedure can be developed. Such a project is one for the legal profession

Rethinking the Intersection of Inheritance and the Law of Tenancy in Common

The article discusses the rules of tenancy and standard doctrine in relation to identity property. It explains the result for property law and suggests reforms that would decrease conflict among heirs to identity property to successfully own and manage the property. It states that co-tenants receive a proportional share of rents and profits earned and should pay taxes and mortgages. It informs that steps could be taken to encourage the interest of co-tenants