Ethical conflicts in the authorship of scientific papers

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus; Scielo.The frequency of conflicts about authorship of publications has increased along with the increase in the number of people involved in scientific work. Some of the factors that strongly influence the generation of conflicts and malpractices in authorship definition of scientific publications are the pressure of academia, economic incentives from the pharmaceutical industry in the field of biomedicine and authors' wishes and expectations of recognition, among other factors. The article analyzes this problem, increasingly common in the field of medicine and related areas. Special attention is devoted to the prevailing laws in our country and international guidelines related to intellectual property and authorship of scientific publications, respectively. However, the ethical commitment, intellectual honesty and truthfulness of each of the authors about what is reported seems to be the decisive factor for the solution to these authorship conflicts.http://ref.scielo.org/jg2qv

Characterization of the physical capacity in children of the Chilean national program of cystic fibrosis

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, progressive, multisystem disease. Better physical capacity may slow disease progression, thus improving prognosis and survival. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical capacity of children admitted to the National CF Program of the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Patients and Method: A multicenter, cross-sectional study design was used. The inclusion criteria were children aged 6 to 12 years enrolled in the National CF Program; Tanner sexual maturity stage I, no respiratory exacerbations in the last 30 days, and no musculoskeletal pathologies. The maximum aerobic capacity was assessed through the peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and determined with an incremental protocol in a magnetic cycle ergometer connected to an ergo-spirometer with which, at the same time, respiratory gases, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production values every 30 seconds, anaerobic threshold, and maximum workload were analyzed. The values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flows between 25% and 75% of vital capacity were assessed through ergo-spirometry. At the beginning of the ergo-spirometry, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, tidal volume and the perception of lower extremity fatigue and dyspnea were recorded using the modified Borg scale. The test lasted approximately 10 minutes. Results: The clinical records of 43 children collected from six health centers were reviewed. Out of these, 29 children met inclusion criteria, and 23 were recruited. Two children were unable to participate, reducing the final subject group to 21 (13 males, 8 females). The mean age was 8.8 ± 2 years; weight 30.5 ± 10.9 kg; height 1.32 ± 0.11 m; and body mass index 17.1 ± 3.5 (z-score 0.01 ± 1.34). More than half of the children (61%) had normal weight. The obtained VO2 peak was 43.7 ± 6.5 ml/min/kg (106.7 ± 19.8% of the predictive values). Only 10% of the children had values lower than those predicted by sex and age. No correlations were found between VO2 peak and anthropometric and pulmonary function variables. Conclusion: Most of the evaluated children (90%) had physical capacity similar to healthy subjects by sex and age

Maximum aerobic power, lower limb explosive strength and isokinetic peak torque in chilenean professional and college soccer players

El fútbol es un deporte que solicita de acuerdo a sus características fisiológicas, desempeño aeróbicoanaeróbico, además de fuerza y potencia muscular. Con el propósito de determinar características funcionales en futbolistas profesionales Chilenos y compararlas con jugadores seleccionados universitarios, se obtuvo una muestra compuesta por 40 futbolistas profesionales y 19 seleccionados universitarios. Se determinó su Vo2 máx, Squat Jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Abalakov (ABAL) y el peak de torque isocinético para la extensión de rodilla a velocidades angulares de 60°/s, 180°/s y 300°/s. Los resultados arrojaron un Vo2 máx de 56,2±5,7 mlO2/min/kg, para los profesionales y de 50,4±4,06 mlO2/ min/kg para los universitarios (p<0,05). Para SJ el valor fue de 36,2±2,7 cm y 30,6±3,2 cm; para CMJ fue de 41,4±4,1cm y 35,8±3,5 cm; para ABAL fue de 48,5±4,6 cm y 41,6±3,7 cm para profesionales y universitarios respectivamente (p<0,05). El peak de torque promedio de las extremidades inferiores fue para 60°/s de 220,6±29,7 Nm y 195±30,5 Nm; para 180°/s de 148±18,7 Nm y 135,7±19,1 Nm; para 300°/s fue de 113,3±15,9 Nm y 101,8± 16,3 Nm para profesionales y universitarios respectivamente. Hubo diferencia significativa en 60°/s y 300°/s (p<0,05). Los valores de Vo2 máx se encuentran para los profesionales en el rango inferior reportado por otras investigaciones. Así mismo ocurre con el peak de torque isocinético para 60°/s y 180°/s. En cuanto a los valores de SJ y CMJ, según los reportes de datos de C. Bosco, los jugadores están en un nivel similar a otros jugadores profesionales internacionales. En conclusión, para las variables estudiadas, los jugadores profesionales presentan en general mejores valores que los seleccionados universitarios. Sin embargo, en el contexto internacional, los valores de los profesionales son más bajos.Soccer is a sport that requires according to their physiological characteristics, aerobic-anaerobic performance, as well as muscle strength and power. To determine functional characteristics in Chilean professional soccer players and compare them with college soccer players, 40 professional soccer players and 19 college soccer players were evaluated. It was determined his Vo2 max, Squat Jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Abalakov (ABAL) and peak torque to the knee extension of isokinetic at speeds of 60 ° / s, 180 ° / s and 300 ° / S. The results showed a Vo2 max of 56.2 ± 5.7 mlO2/min/kg, for professionals and 50.4 ± 4.06 mlO2/min/kg for college players (p <0.05). For SJ value was 36.2 ± 2.7 cm, 30.6 ± 3.2 cm; for CMJ was 41.4 ± 4.1 cm, 35.8 ± 3.5 cm; for ABAL was 48 , 5 ± 4.6 ± 3.7 cm and 41.6 cm for professionals and college players respectively (p <0.05). The average peak torque of the lower extremities was to 60 ° / s 220.6 ± 29.7 Nm and 195 ± 30.5 Nm; to 180 ° / s was 148 ± 18.7 Nm and 135.7 ± 19.1 Nm; to 300 ° / s was 113.3 ± 15.9 Nm and 101.8 ± 16.3 Nm for professionals and college players respectively. There was a significant difference in 60 ° / s and 300 ° / s (p <0.05). Vo2 max values are for professionals in the lower range reported by other research. It also happens to the peak torque isokinetic to 60 ° / s and 180 ° / s. With regard to the values of SJ and CMJ, according to reports data C. Bosco, the players are at a level similar to other professional players. In conclusion, for the variables studied, professional players show highest values compared to college players. However, in the international context, the values of the professionals are lower.Sin financiaciónNo data 200

Substituting sedentary time with physical activity domains: an isotemporal substitution analysis in Chile

Introduction: Sedentary behavior (SB), physical inactivity and obesity are main risk factors for non-communicable diseases. However, it is unknow whether reallocating SB time with physical activity (PA) domains related to travel, occupational and leisure activities is associated with lower levels of adiposity. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine independent associations and theoretical reallocations of SB and physical activity (PA) domains with obesity indicators in a nationally representative sample from Chile.. Methods: Randomly selected participants were enrolled in the 2009–2010 Chilean National Health Survey. Cross-sectional self-reported SB and PA domains were collected using the Global PA Questionnaire. Isotemporal substitution modeling was applied to examine the potential effects of reallocating 10 min/day of SB with occupational or travel or LTPA in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC). Results: 3552 participants aged between 15 and 65 years [mean (standard deviation); age = 40.2 (14.07) years, BMI = 27.7 (5.38) kg/m2, WC = 91.2 (24.09) cm] reported an overall sitting time of 196.3 min/day and spent 15.4 min/day in LTPA. LTPA was negatively associated to both BMI and WC independently of SB. Substituting 10 min/day of SB with an equal amount of travel PA resulted in lower BMI (B = −0.033 95% CI: -0.055; -0.011) and WC (B = −0.089 95% CI: -0.172; -0.007) independent of sociodemographic variables and sleep time. Notably, the strongest association with obesity indicators was observed when SB time was reallocated for LTPA (BMI B = −0.080 95% CI: -0.122; -0.037) and WC: (B = −0.373 95% CI: -0.500; -0.245).. Conclusion: Replacing SB not only with LTPA but also travel PA appears to be favorably associated with lower levels of obesity indicators. Walking and cycling as part of our travel PA may be a more feasible way of increasing PA levels than moderate or vigorous intensities PA in the overall population, at lower costs and environmentally friendly

Contribuições da fenomenologia para os estudos organizacionais

Este artigo discute elementos que viabilizam outra possibilidade de compreensão dos fenômenos administrativos, através de uma descrição propedêutica da fenomenologia e do método fenomenológico. Objetiva-se, assim, apresentar as principais contribuições e possibilidades da fenomenologia para os estudos organizacionais. Aprofunda-se em considerações sobre a fenomenologia em geral e os diversos tipos de métodos fenomenológicos em particular, buscando esclarecer sobre a filosofia existente nesses temas, para auxiliar os pesquisadores em seu labor diário. Discorre-se também sobre a redução, que na verdade são duas: a eidética e a fenomenológica. Tais reduções são vitais para retirar o homem de sua atitude natural. Outro assunto aqui abordado é a transposição do método fenomenológico do campo filosófico para o campo da pesquisa empírica. Diante dessa contextualização, tem-se o último assunto a ser abordado, que vai diretamente ao encontro do objetivo desta pesquisa, discutindo-se a utilização da fenomenologia no contexto da administração. A título de ilustração, são apresentados diversos estudos que têm a fenomenologia como tema, bem como um método fenomenológico empírico específico da área de estudos organizacionais. Dessa maneira, a temática neste artigo é situada, sendo preciso agora avançar em direção a outras possibilidades

The Ethical Rational of Business for the Poor – Integrating the Concepts Bottom of the Pyramid, Sustainable Development, and Corporate Citizenship

Bottom of the Pyramid, corporate citizenship, intra- and intergenerational equity, moral dilemma, poverty alleviation, Rawlsian principles, sustainable development, human rights, categorical imperative,