Un enfoque sistémico de la seguridad vial en la Unión Europea

The article considers the main directions for implementing the Road Safety Strategy for 2021-2030 adopted by the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the EU Road Safety Policy). It reveals targets and indicators of this Strategy and dwells on the Safe System approach to road safety, which is the basis of the EU Road Safety Policy. The Safe System is based on such concepts as Vision Zero and Sustainable Safety and influences the main elements of the road traffic system (vehicles, road network, road users) to ensure the safety of transportation. The comparative analysis of the EU Road Safety Policy and the Russian Road Safety Strategy for 2018-2024 has demonstrated similar directions in their implementation. However, the European document is characterized by a greater consistency and scientific validity of the measures being developed with due regard to the latest trends in the field of road traffic. The Road Safety Strategy adopted in Russia traditionally considers the violation of traffic rules by vehicle drivers.El artículo está dedicado al análisis de las principales áreas de implementación de la Estrategia para la seguridad vial para 2021-2030 adoptada en el territorio de la Unión Europea (en adelante, la Estrategia SV de la UE). Se examinan los objetivos y los indicadores de esta Estrategia, se revela el contenido del enfoque de seguridad vial Safe System, que es la base de la Estrategia Europea. Safe System se basa en los principios de las concepciones Vision Zero y Sustainable Safety y tiene como objetivo influir en los principales elementos del sistema de tráfico (vehículos, red de carreteras, usuarios de carretera) para garantizar la seguridad del proceso de transporte. El análisis comparativo de la Estrategia SV de la Unión Europea y la Estrategia SV de Rusia para 2018-2024 mostró la similitud de las principales esferas de aplicación, pero el documento europeo se caracteriza por una mayor sistematización y validez científica de las medidas que se están desarrollando, por tener en cuenta las últimas tendencias en materia de tráfico, mientras que la Estrategia SV adoptada en Rusia tradicionalmente considera la violación de las Normas de tráfico por los conductores de vehículos como la principal causa de los accidentes de tráfico

Probing Gluons at the Spin Physics Detector

The Spin Physics Detector (SPD) at the Nuclotron based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is a multi-purpose experiment designed to study nucleon spin structure in the three dimensions. With capabilities to collide polarized protons and deuterons with center of mass energy up to 27 GeV and luminosity up to $10^{32} \rm cm^{-2} \ s^{-1}$ for protons (an order of magnitude less for deuterons), the experiment will allow measurements of cross-sections and spin asymmetries of hadronic processes sensitive to the unpolarized and various polarized (helicity, Sivers, Boer-Mulders) gluon distributions inside the nucleons. Results from the SPD will be complementary to the present high energy spin experiments at the RHIC facility or future experiments like the EIC (at BNL) and AFTER (at LHC). SPD will provide data in moderate and large Bjorken-x for much improved global analyses of spin structures of the basic building blocks of Nature. With polarized deuteron collisions, SPD will be the unique laboratory for probing tensor polarized gluon distributions. In addition, there are also possibilities of colliding other light nuclei like Carbon at reduced collision energy and luminosity at the first stage of the experiment.Comment: Accepted for publication in MDPI Physics special issue `From Heavy Ions to Astroparticle Physics

Functional Features of Verbs of Interpersonal Relations in Russian and Chinese Languages

The article studies functional features of verbs involved in the expression of interpersonal relations in the Russian and Chinese languages. Considering this group of verbs as a subfield of the general lexical-semantic field of attitude verbs is primarily conditioned by the fact that it expresses relations arising among people in the form of feelings, judgments and appeals to one another in course of everyday life. The group of verbs with a variety of both direct and figurative meanings, which are used in different spheres of human communication, is analyzed. The analysis of the studied verbs allows us find out the ways of their realization and appropriate the means to describe human relations in the Russian and Chinese languages. In accordance with the aim and objectives of the study, the article considers cases of expressing relations using adverbs in some constructions of fiction texts, which allows us reveal such features of relations as multiple repetition, duration and length. The analysis of this group of verbs of interpersonal relations helps us understand the semantic structure of the verb that plays a leading role in the context and show the characteristics of the author’s individual expression of interpersonal relations. It was revealed that in isolated cases the verb in Chinese can fulfill the function of a subject, which is explained by the syntactic peculiarities of the structure of this language. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis of incomplete correspondence between the functional features of verbs of interpersonal relations in the two languages under comparison

Mathematical Modeling of the Impact Produced by Magnetic Disks on Living Cells

An analytical solution of the problem on elastic deformation of a membrane allows analyzing deformation of typical living cells under the influence of magnetic disks attached to the cells. Based on the numerical solution of two-dimensional elliptic boundary value problems, the magnetic polarizabilities of the disks are obtained as the functions of magnetic permeability of the disk substance. It is shown that typical thin disks made of iron, nickel and cobalt in the mode far from saturation are magnetized substantially the same as a disk with infinite magnetic permeability. Though the solved problems are stationary, the results are also usable in the analysis of quasi-stationary processes such as low-frequency variation of external magnetic field

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE RIPENESS DEGREE OF PARSNIP ROOTS AND STORAGE METHOD ON THEIR PRESERVATION

Sowing parsnip is recommended to be harvested in the stage of technical ripeness that takes place in 120–150 days after sprouts. A ripeness degree cannot be determined by a root size, because in this case planting conditions and agrotechnique play an important role. The aim of the research was to analyze the influence of a vegetation period duration of different sorts of sowing parsnip on formation of chemical composition components and roots preservation to determine the dependence between the content of dry soluble substances and one of dry substances, sugars, saccharose, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid. The research gives a possibility to get roots with the maximal content of chemical composition components and long storage period. There has been studied the influence of a vegetation period duration of different sorts of sowing parsnip on formation of chemical composition components and roots preservation. The dependence between the content of dry soluble substances and one of dry substances, sugars, saccharose, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid has been determined. The research has been conducted with parsnip roots of sowing sort Petrik, Student, Boris. There has been studied the influence of a ripeness degree (vegetation period duration) on a quality and preservation of parsnip roots. Parsnip roots of the sowing sorts Student and Boris are characterized by the most content of the dry substance 27,1–25,4 %, and content of the total sugar 5,7–5,4 %, high content of vitamin С 10,2–10,1 mg/100 g. It has been established, that the studied sorts are not inclined to nitrates accumulation, their content varies from 60 to 80 mg/kg and is lower than the maximally permitted level (MPL 250 mg/kg). There has been established the direct strong connection between the content of the dry substance and sugars content (r=0,98), nitrates content (r=0,80) and the middle content with the testing mark (r=–0,54) and vitamin С (r=0,57). The dry soluble substance content has the direct strong connection with the sugars content (r=0,99), nitrates content (r=0,78) and middle connection with the content of vitamin С (r=0,46) and reverse middle connection with the testing mark (r=–0,52). The reverse middle connection exists between the sugars content and the testing mark (r=–0,52) and the direct strong connection with nitrates content (r=0,84), middle connection with the content of vitamin C (r=0,48). At storage of roots the loss of the mass of dry substances is from 11,5 % at storage in an open box to 6,2 – in a polyethylene film. The most changes take place in saccharose and monosaccharides, 36,6 and 33,0 % respectively. The content of vitamin C decreases by 30 % at storage in an open box and by 10 % in a polyethylene film. The vegetation period duration as 150 days is characterized by the lower sugars content, but at that the ratio saccharose: monosacharides – the most. There has been offered the method of determining the ripeness degree of parsnip roots by the saccharose content. At the technical ripeness the amount of saccharose is 72–75 % of the total amount of sugars. The optimal ripeness is characterized by deceleration of growing processes, decrease of saccharose accumulation rates, the most ratio of the roots mass to the one of leaves and saccharose to monosugars. The method of roots storage with p. e. film decreases losses of nutrients of roots and increases the storage duration

Inspired by Sea Urchins: Warburg Effect Mediated Selectivity of Novel Synthetic Non-Glycoside 1,4-Naphthoquinone-6S-Glucose Conjugates in Prostate Cancer

The phenomenon of high sugar consumption by tumor cells is known as Warburg effect. It results from a high glycolysis rate, used by tumors as preferred metabolic pathway even in aerobic conditions. Targeting the Warburg effect to specifically deliver sugar conjugated cytotoxic compounds into tumor cells is a promising approach to create new selective drugs. We designed, synthesized, and analyzed a library of novel 6-S-(1,4-naphthoquinone-2-yl)-d-glucose chimera molecules (SABs)—novel sugar conjugates of 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs of the sea urchin pigments spinochromes, which have previously shown anticancer properties. A sulfur linker (thioether bond) was used to prevent potential hydrolysis by human glycoside-unspecific enzymes. The synthesized compounds exhibited a Warburg effect mediated selectivity to human prostate cancer cells (including highly drug-resistant cell lines). Mitochondria were identified as a primary cellular target of SABs. The mechanism of action included mitochondria membrane permeabilization, followed by ROS upregulation and release of cytotoxic mitochondrial proteins (AIF and cytochrome C) to the cytoplasm, which led to the consequent caspase-9 and -3 activation, PARP cleavage, and apoptosis-like cell death. These results enable us to further clinically develop these compounds for effective Warburg effect targeting

ПРОДУКЦИЯ ФАКТОРОВ РОСТА И ДЕСКВАМАЦИЯ ЭНДОТЕЛИОЦИТОВ В СЕРДЦЕ ПРИ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ КАРДИОМИОПАТИИ

oai:oai.kpccz.elpub.ru:article/1324Highlights Dysregulation of angiogenesis may be the pathogenetic factor of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Aim. To determine the content of growth factors and desquamated endothelial cells (DEC) in the blood from the coronary sinus and ulnar vein in association with the number of progenitor endothelial cells (PEC) in the blood from the ulnar vein in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), suffering and not suffering from ICMP.Methods. The study included 30 patients with ICMР and 22 patients with CHD, and 18 healthy donors. The content of DEC (CD45–CD146+) was determined in blood from the cubital vein (peripheral) and coronary sinus, and the content of DEC (CD14+CD34+VEGFR2+) was determined in peripheral blood by flow cytometry (antibodies “BD Biosciences”, USA). The concentrations of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, PDGF, SDF-1, SCF, FGF-1, TGF-β1 in blood plasma from both locations were evaluated by multiplex analysis (set “Cloud-Clone Corp.”, USA).Results. The content of DEC in peripheral blood was elevated in patients with CHD of both groups, and in patients with ICMP in sinus blood was higher than in peripheral. At the same time, in patients with CHD without cardiomyopathy, an excess of PEC and SDF-1 in the blood from the ulnar vein was established in combination with an increase in the concentration of PDGF and a decrease in the content of VEGF-B in the blood from the coronary sinus relative to the parameters of systemic blood flow. In patients with ICMP, these changes were not detected, but there was an increase in the concentration of TGF-β1 in sinus blood compared with peripheral blood. Regardless of the presence of ICMP, the concentration of SCF, FGF-1, VEGF-A in the blood from the ulnar vein corresponded to the norm and that in sinus blood; the content of VEGF-A in the coronary bloodstream exceeded its systemic level.Conclusion. In patients with ICMP, desquamation of the coronary vascular endothelium is enhanced against the background of violations of its repair processes due to insufficient (relative to CHD without cardiomyopathy) mobilization of PEC from the bone marrow due to the absence of an excess of SDF-1 in the blood and their insufficient homing into the myocardium due to weak PDGF production in the heart.Основные положенияПатогенетическим фактором ишемической кардиомиопатии может быть нарушение регуляции ангиогенеза. Цель. Определить содержание факторов роста и десквамированных эндотелиальных клеток (ДЭК) в крови из коронарного синуса и локтевой вены в ассоциации с численностью прогениторных эндотелиальных клеток (ПЭК) в крови из локтевой вены у больных ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС), страдающих и не страдающих ишемической кардиомиопатией (ИКМП).Материалы и методы. В исследование включили 30 пациентов с ИБС и ИКМП, 22 больных ИБС без ИКМП, 18 здоровых доноров. Содержание ДЭК (CD45–CD146+) определяли в крови из локтевой вены (периферическая) и коронарного синуса (синусовая), а содержание ПЭК (CD14+CD34+VEGFR2+) – в периферической крови методом проточной цитофлуориметрии (антитела BD Biosciences, США). В плазме обоих образцов крови оценивали концентрацию VEGF-A, VEGF-B, PDGF, SDF-1, SCF, FGF-1, TGF-β1 методом мультиплексного анализа (набор Cloud-Clone Corp., США).Результаты. Содержание ДЭК в периферической крови было повышенным у больных ИБС обеих групп, а в синусовой крови у пациентов с ИКМП было выше, чем в периферической. У больных ИБС без ИКМП установлен избыток ПЭК и SDF-1 в крови из локтевой вены в сочетании с увеличением концентрации PDGF и снижением содержания VEGF-В в крови из коронарного синуса относительно параметров системного кровотока. У пациентов с ИКМП данные изменения не выявлены, но отмечен рост концентрации TGF-β1 в синусовой крови по сравнению с периферической. Вне зависимости от ИКМП концентрация SCF, FGF-1, VEGF-А в крови из локтевой вены соответствовала норме и таковой в синусовой крови; содержание VEGF-А в коронарном кровотоке превышало системный уровень.Заключение. При ИКМП усилена десквамация эндотелия коронарных сосудов на фоне нарушений его репарации за счет недостаточной (относительно ИБС без ИКМП) мобилизации ПЭК из костного мозга ввиду отсутствия избытка SDF-1 в крови и недостаточного их хоминга в миокард вследствие слабой продукции PDGF в сердце