Experiences with European Low-Concentration PV

Esta Conferencia se impartió en el "5th ICSC5 International Conference" celebrado en Palm Desert en Noviembre del 2008. Su objetivo es realizar una revisión de todas las experiencias que se han llevado a cabo en Europa con Sistemas fotovoltaicos de baja y media concentración

The Spanish version of the child medical fear questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation and validation

Having valid and reliable tools that help health professionals to assess fear in children undergoing medical procedures is essential to offer humanised and quality of care in the paediatric population. The aim of this study was to develop the cross-cultural adaptation and the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 'Child Medical Fear Scale' in its shortened version (CMFS-R). The design consisted of two phases: first, of cross-cultural adaptation and second, of the psychometric validation of the CMFS-R with a sample of 262 children from Spain, applying a cross-sectional design. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity and the Cronbach's alpha and the adjusted item-total score correlation coefficients were performed to study reliability. The results confirmed internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the CMFS-R, indicating that the scale has an acceptable level of validity and reliability. Therefore, this study brings a new version of the scale to assess fear related to medical procedures for use in the Spanish paediatric population.This work was funded by the Department of Education of the Government of Navarre, grant number CENEDUCA4/201

Detección de personas en riesgo de padecer diabetes en farmacias comunitarias españolas

Objetivo: Detectar personas con riesgo alto/muy alto de padecer diabetes y derivarlas al médico, evaluar en la muestra la prevalencia de los distintos factores de riesgo y realizar una intervención educativa mínima sobre éstos en todos los usuarios participantes.Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en noviembre de 2014. Se incluyeron usuarios de la farmacia, mayores de 18 años, no diagnosticados de diabetes y que aceptaron realizar la encuesta. Muestreo no probabilístico.Variable principal: puntuación obtenida en el cuestionario Findrisc. Otras: características demográficas, IMC, perímetro de cintura, glucemia capilar (si F≥15), medicación, intervención, tiempo empleado.Resultados: Participaron 90 farmacéuticos de las 17 comunidades autónomas. Realizaron 1.520 cuestionarios Findrisc. La puntuación media de la muestra fue de 10,9 (DE=5,1). El número de individuos con riesgo alto o muy alto fue de 370 (24,3%) de los 1.520 encuestados. 207, el 55,9% de aquellos y el 13,6% de la muestra total, tenían glucemia ≥110 mg/dL y se derivaron al médico. Existe relación directa entre el número de medicamentos utilizados y el riesgo de diabetes. El tiempo empleado en la intervención fue de 9,9 (DE=5,1) minutos.Conclusiones: El alto porcentaje de participantes con riesgo alto/muy alto de padecer diabetes que son derivados al médico de familia para valorar su situación, avala la eficiencia de la farmacia en este tipo de cribados. La intervención educativa realizada con los participantes supone una llamada de atención sobre la importancia del estilo de vida saludable orientado a la prevención de las enfermedades metabólicas

Long-term etanercept survival in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter retrospective analysis in daily clinical practice in Spain

Although several randomized clinical trials and observational studies have evaluated the effectiveness, safety and drug survival of etanercept (ETN) in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), long-term data regarding these aspects are currently scarce. For this reason, we sought to investigate the long-term survival and safety of ETN in PsA patients in 4 tertiary care Spanish hospitals over a 13-year observation period (from 2004 to 2017). The records of 85 PsA patients were reviewed. ETN showed an excellent survival profile, with rates of treatment discontinuation at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years of 15, 37, 46 and 59%, respectively. In our cohort, a trend toward longer drug survival in patients with shorter disease duration and those who were treated with ETN as their first biologic agent was observed. On the other hand, combination therapy with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs did not provide greater improvement on the long-term drug survival. Only 12% of the patients reported adverse events (AEs) during therapy, being most of them of mild to moderate intensity, and in only 7% AEs led to drug discontinuation. To the best of our knowledge, the present study shows the largest follow-up period of ETN-treated population analyzed in a real-life setting, and these results demonstrate the positive safety profile and long-term effectiveness of this biologic agent in the management of PsA patients

Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

Sensores de agua limpia de bajo coste basados en células solares fotovoltáicas (Clean water pv sensors)

Currently 780 million people lack access to a safe water supply, most of them in rural areas with limited infraestructures and resources. Unsafe water and poor sanitation cause 80% of all diseases in the developing world. This project is focused on the development of simple, cost-effective, easy to operate and maintain, and socially acceptable domestic water purification units. It is a challenge that requires the application of scientific knowledge from various disciplines.Máster Universitario en Hidrología y Gestión de Recursos Hídrico

Open SolWat System with Cooling of the Secondary Wastewater Effluent from a WWTP on the Front Surface of the Photovoltaic Module for efficient Energy Generation and Reclaimed Water Production

Energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a critical part of their operation and maintenance costs, with tertiary treatments being one of the most energy demanding stages, although as they are not required by law, they are not usually included in the wastewater treatment line. In this research, a photochemical–photovoltaic hybrid system was developed and studied: Open SolWat, which allows solar disinfection of the water while cooling the temperatures on the front surface of the photovoltaic module by means of a thin layer of water flowing from the top, thanks to a pumping system. In comparison to the SolWat technologies studied so far, the improved system allowed better quality reclaimed water (RD1620/2007, R(EU)2020/741) to be obtained from the secondary effluent of a WWTP, with the simultaneous generation of energy. However, this time it also productively improved its energy efficiency (15–21%). The tests were carried out under a 4 h SODIS treatment with real sunlight. Therefore, the possible implementation of the system as a tertiary treatment of a WWTP is considered, as it could improve environmental sustainability and reduce energy consumption

Passive or interactive virtual reality? The effectiveness for pain and anxiety reduction in pediatric patients

Invasive techniques such as venipuncture are painful procedures causing stress and anxiety, both in pediatric patients and in their carers. For this reason, efforts are being made to develop mitigating strategies for the patient's pain and anxiety during the performance. To analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Virtual Reality distraction techniques as a measure of pain and anxiety reduction in pediatric patients and their parents. In addition, the effects of two modes of Virtual Reality (passive vs. interactive) were compared. A quasi-experimental study was carried out in the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in north Spain. The participants were children who underwent venipuncture for blood extraction and vascular cannulation. From the 124 patients, 51.6% (n = 64) were girls and 48.4% (n = 60) were boys (p = 0.574). The mean age was 8.4 years (SD: 4.1). The mean level of pain experienced was 2.33 (SD: 0.76) in the interactive VR group (n = 88) versus 2.67 (SD: 1.35) in patients with passive VR (n = 36) (p = 0.008); being the presence of anxiety in 27.3% (n = 24) of the cases treated with interactive Virtual Reality and in 88.9% (n = 32) of the patients with passive Virtual Reality (p = 0.000). The virtual reality is an effective method to reduce pain and anxiety levels in pediatric patients, with the effectiveness of interactive virtual reality and its use in the population aged 7-15 years being greater.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research is part of the ReVi project, funded by the 'Precipita' crowdfunding platform, from the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FECYT)

ENTREN-F family-system based intervention for managing childhood obesity: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial at primary care

Background: Pediatric obesity is a primary public health concern, and designing effective programs for managing it is of the utmost importance. The objective of this study was to describe the protocol study of a three-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the efficacy of a family-system-based intervention (“ENTREN-F” program) for managing childhood obesity, compared to the “ENTREN” program (no “F” - without specific family-system-based workshop) and a control group (behavioral monitoring). Methods/design: The ENTREN-F program was a multicomponent family-system-based intervention carried out by a multidisciplinary team in the primary health care setting. The program targeted children between 8 and 12 years with overweight and obesity (P ≥ 85th). Parents were actively involved in the process. The contents were designed using the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. The program comprised individual behavioral monitoring, a healthy habits workshop for children and their parents, a CBT workshop for children, and a family-system-based workshop for parents, enhancing parental management skills plus family functioning. The trial's primary outcomes included changes in child body mass index (BMI) z-scores, child's psychological well-being, and family functioning over six months. Secondary outcomes included changes in eating behavior, physical activity, self-esteem, parental distress, parental feeding practices, and parental modeling. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is one of the few randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of a multicomponent program that considers health from a comprehensive perspective, trying to improve children's psychological well-being and family functioning besides weight loss. This study, therefore, addresses a gap in the literature. If found to be efficacious, it suggests a new potential health service for translation into National Primary Health Care services in Spain, one of the ten countries with the highest prevalence of obesity in EuropeThis study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RETOS PSI2016-79471-R). Partial financial support was received from the “Auchan Foundation for Youth” and the “Promotion of Knowledge Transfer” of the UAM-Foundation (2019-ES-00067). Ms. Rojo was awarded a Research Fellowship (FPU) for students of Ph.D. Programs from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FPU2017/0284