Classical solutions in five dimensional induced matter theory and its relation to an imperfect fluid

We study five dimensional cosmological models with four dimensional hypersufaces of the Bianchi type I and V. In this way the five dimensional vacuum field equations $\rm G_{AB} = 0$, led us to four dimensional matter equations $\rm G_{\mu\nu}=T_{\mu\nu}$ and the matter is interpreted as a purely geometrical property of a fifth dimension. Also, we find that the energy-momentum tensor induced from the fifth dimension has the structure of an imperfect fluid that has dissipative terms.Comment: 16 pages, latex, no figure

Interactions between sub-10 nm iron and cerium oxide nanoparticles and 3T3 fibroblasts : the role of the coating and aggregation state

Recent nanotoxicity studies revealed that the physico-chemical characteristics of engineered nanomaterials play an important role in the interactions with living cells. Here, we report on the toxicity and uptake of the cerium and iron oxide sub-10 nm nanoparticles by NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Coating strategies include low-molecular weight ligands (citric acid) and polymers (poly(acrylic acid), MW = 2000 g mol-1). Electrostatically adsorbed on the surfaces, the organic moieties provide a negatively charged coating in physiological conditions. We find that most particles were biocompatible, as exposed cells remained 100% viable relative to controls. Only the bare and the citrate-coated nanoceria exhibit a slight decrease of the mitochondrial activity for cerium concentrations above 5 mM (equivalent to 0.8 g L-1). We also observe that the citrate-coated particles are internalized by the cells in large amounts, typically 250 pg per cell after a 24 h incubation for iron oxide. In contrast, the polymer-coated particles are taken up at much lower rates (< 30 pg per cell). The strong uptake shown by the citrate-coated particles is related to the destabilization of the dispersions in the cell culture medium and their sedimentation down to the cell membranes. In conclusion, we show that the uptake of nanomaterials by living cells depends on the coating of the particles and on its ability to preserve the colloidal nature of the dispersions.Comment: 9 figures, 2 table

Pr?cticas pedag?gicas desarrolladas por lo docentes y directivo docente de la instituci?n educativa Alto del Rompe de Falan, Tolima, en relaci?n con la convivencia escolar

123 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl objetivo de esta investigaci?n fue analizar las pr?cticas sobre convivencia escolar de los docentes y directivo docente, en la Instituci?n Educativa Alto del Rompe, del municipio de Falan, Tolima; y establecer c?mo se relacionan con el manual de convivencia y con los referentes normativos del MEN, espec?ficamente con la gu?a 49. Se emple? un enfoque cualitativo con alcance descriptivo utilizando un dise?o metodol?gico de estudio de caso. Para analizar las pr?cticas de los docentes sobre convivencia escolar se emple? la clasificaci?n de estilos pedag?gicos propuestos por Chaux (2012): Autoritario, Permisivo, Negligente, Asertivo. Teniendo como referente esta clasificaci?n se dise?aron y aplicaron encuestas a estudiantes, docentes, directivo docente y padres de familia. Tambi?n se desarroll? una sesi?n de grupo focal con los docentes. Se concluye que los docentes presentan rasgos de los diferentes estilos dependiendo de la situaci?n a la que se enfrenten. Se recomienda la participaci?n activa de cada uno de los actores en la construcci?n conjunta de los acuerdos para la convivencia. Es necesario establecer espacios de reflexi?n sobre los estilos pedag?gicos que se manifiestan en diferentes situaciones y promover pr?cticas relacionadas con el estilo asertivo. Palabras claves: Convivencia escolar, pr?cticas pedag?gicas, Manual de convivencia, derechos humanos, sexuales y reproductivos, violencia escolar.The aim of this project was to analyze the school coexistence practices of the teachers and head teacher from ?Instituci?n Educativa Alto del Rompe? at municipality of Falan, Tolima; and to establish how they relate to the school?s rulebook and to the normative guides of the MEN (Ministry of National Education), specifically guide 49. A qualitative approach with a descriptive reach was employed using a case study methodological design. In order to analyze teachers? practices regarding school coexistence the classification of pedagogical approaches proposed by Chaux (2012) was employed (Authoritative, Permissive, Negligent, Assertive). Taking into account such classification, surveys for students, teachers, head teacher, and parents, were designed and applied. Similarly, a focus group session was carried out with teachers. It was concluded that teachers make evident features of the different pedagogical approaches depending on the situation they face. Active participation of each of the members of the community in the collective construction of agreements for school coexistence is recommended. It is necessary to establish spaces for reflection about the different pedagogical approaches that appear in different situations and also to promote practices related to the assertive approach. Keywords: School coexistence, pedagogical practices, school?s rulebook, human and sexual and reproductive rights, school violence

Loss of Digits after Trauma in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A 19-year-old female with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) presented with ischemia of her left hand following trauma. Medical therapy was initiated but failed to improve her symptoms, and revision amputation was ultimately performed. The patient’s final diagnosis was digital ischemia due to secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon (RP). The authors discuss diagnosis, complications, and treatment of this relatively uncommon disorder. The authors report this case in order to discuss how secondary RP can be complicated by ischemia and the multidisciplinary approach that needs to take place to prevent the latter from occurring

Descripción del ambiente laboral de un grupo de mujeres trabajadoras de intendencia en una institución pública

El incremento constante del uso de tecnologías para la producción de bienes y servicios de consumo masivo ha generado transformaciones en la manera en la que se organiza el trabajo. La optimización constante de los procesos plantea que los salarios de los trabajadores representan una carga para la competitividad de las empresas en mercados cada vez más controlados. Bajo esta premisa se han creado corporaciones que proveen mano de obra para labores consideradas poco especializadas en las que predominan las bajas remuneraciones y malas condiciones laborales. Las plazas de este tipo son ocupadas principalmente por mujeres que comparten ciertas particularidades. El discurso del proceso bioético considera que se trata de discriminación. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo se desarrolla la referida discriminación, en el ambiente laboral, de un grupo de mujeres empleadas por una compañía operada bajo el esquema de subcontratación para realizar labores de limpieza en una institución pública de educación superior a partir de su género, edad, posición social, nivel educativo y fenotipo

Long term response to steroid therapy in Rasmussen encephalitis

SummaryRasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a severe and progressive focal epilepsy of unknown origin that leads to deterioration of motor and cognitive function. In a previous study, we described positive effect of high doses of steroids during the first year after the onset of RE. The objective of this study was to evaluate this therapy at long term.We reviewed 11 patients (7 girls and 4 boys) with RE of the right hemisphere (7) and the left (4) at a follow-up of 9±2 years. Age at onset of RE ranged from 2 to 14 years.Six patients had no benefit from steroid therapy and underwent hemispherotomy. Five had significant reduction of seizure frequency with disappearance of epilepsia partialis continua, and improved motor function. Of these, two died of unexpected sudden death 5 and 7 years after seizure control. Two others with initial response experienced progressive recurrence of seizures 1 to 4 years after the end of steroid therapy and required hemispherotomy. Finally, only one patient exhibited total cessation of seizures with steroids for 3 years, but seizures progressively recurred although the frequency was moderate.Our data confirm that although steroid treatment can be useful when given early in the course of RE, long term relapse can occur among the good responders requiring delayed hemispheric disconnection

Parasitism of Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), by Tachinid Flies in Cultivated Hemp

In a survey on hemp grown in western Kentucky we found an average of 27.8 CEW larvae per plant. We recorded 45% parasitism of CEW in these fields by two species of tachinid flies, Winthemia rufopicta and Lespesia aletiae. Most parasitized larvae were third to sixth instars at the time of collection. We found up to 22 tachinid eggs per host larva, 89% of which typically bore between 1 and 5 eggs on the thorax. 45.9% of CEW bearing eggs died. The number of tachinid eggs per host was unrelated to host body mass, but both the number of tachinid eggs and caterpillar body mass influenced CEW survival. Larger CEW often survived parasitism and the number of fly eggs was negatively related to survival rate. The emergence of adult flies was positively correlated with the number of eggs, but no influence of the host size was found. High mortality of CEW larvae and the parasitoids developing within them in this system suggests that secondary chemicals (or poor nutrition) of the hemp diet may be negatively affecting host and parasitoid development and influencing their interactions